Exact difference betwteen aggregation and Inheritance with example

hi everybody
Just I got some doubt regarding the difference betwteen aggregation and Inheritance and where we can differntiate the use of each other. I am little bit confused with the two usages when refering to objects.
Thank you

ramsy wrote:
hi everybody
Just I got some doubt regarding the difference betwteen aggregation and Inheritance and where we can differntiate the use of each other. I am little bit confused with the two usages when refering to objects.
Thank youIt's the difference between the "is-a" and "has-a" relationship. A Car is-a Vehicle. A Car has-a Engine.

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What is the difference between Aggregation and Composition with example

plz help me to find the difference between Aggregation and Composition with example

Dear [email protected]:
Get back to work.
August 4, 2007 stalin_gnana asked:
I would like to know the description about 'is a' ,'has a' ..relationship in java.plz reply me to the above doubt if known
August 8:
Can any one encounter the clarification on how and where Observer class and Observable interface can be applied..plz answer me
August 10:
May you find a solution on why not have the concept of pointer,opterator overloading,virtual function and destructor in java
(Also August 10):
I would desire to apprehend the brief description about usage of Singletone class and where it can be applied.plz help me
Today:
I am having the doubt of 'is there any relation among Delegation and composition'.if have,plz answer to regarding question.
And then this thread today too.
sniff sniff
I smell a lazy attempt at getting others to do one's homework for him.

What is exact difference between table and template in script

hello all
what is exact difference between table and template in script

Hi there.
Tables alow you to achieve more complex flows with internal tables. You can use different types os lines, like footer, header, line items, and differente types of line items. Also, and most important, you have different processing blocks, again header block (processed before processing of first row), body block (rows) and footer block (after last row or page break).
If you don't need any of this, use a template inside a loop to achieve something like a table. I personaly use templates only to draw lines, for example, before and after a loop, or to align some header in my documents.
A table, is a loop and template mixed to become a very good tool.
Regards.
Valter Oliveira.
Edited by: Valter Oliveira on Jun 5, 2008 5:10 PM

Exact difference between VOimpl and VORowimpl and EO.

Can anybody tell me whats the exact difference between
VOimpl and VORowimpl and EO.
Thanks

Entity Object :BC4J entity objects encapsulate the business rules (validations, actions and so on) associated with a row in a database table, view, synonym or snapshot.
View Object : (ViewImpl)
In the simplest terms, a BC4J view object encapsulates a database query and provides iteration over and access to the view rows in its result set.
View Row : ViewRowImpl :
Represents a single row in a view object.
For more Details see OA Developer Guide.
Thanks

Difference between validation and susbstittution with tcodes

hi all can any body tell me about difference between validation and susbstittution with tcodes
regars
sravya

Hi,
Settting up the FI Validations
You can use additional validation to supplement the existing SAP logic to fit you into your businness needs.
For e.g. to allow postings from company code 0001 to business area AA only.
GGB0 - To maintain the validations
Validation - Enter a validation name e.g. VBUS
Applicaion Area - SAP module e.g. FI
Calling Point - Dependent upon the application area that is selected.
0001 - Document Header - validate enteries at document header, e.g BKPF table
0002 - Line Items - check line item entris within a document, e.g. BSEG table
0003 - Complete Document - check settings for the whole documents.
e.g. Validation step 001
Allowed company code '0001' to post to business area AA only. 'FI00' checks that line item is from FI.
If checks failed, the error message number 14 is displayed to stop the transaction.
Prerequisite
<BSEG> $BUKRS = '0001' AND
<BKPF> $GLVOR = 'FI00'
Check
<BSEG> $GSBER = 'AA'
Message
Type E No. 14 - Business Area not allowed for company 0001
Output fields 1 - BSEG - GSBER 2 - BSEG - BUKRS
3 - 4
OB28 - Define Validations for Posting
CC CallPnt Validation Description Activtn Level
0001 2 VBUS Business Area Validation 1
Activtn Level - 0 - Not Active 1 - Activated 2 - Activated for all except batch input
GGB4 - Manage the activation of all validations in the SAP system.
Validations, Substitutions, and Rules
Purpose
With the validations and substitutions software, you can validate and/or substitute data at the time of entry in the FI-SL System and other SAP Systems.
Implementation Considerations
You do not need to change the standard system to customize your validations and substitutions. For each installation, you can define exactly which validations and substitutions are necessary to ensure the integrity of your data.
Features
Validation
In the SAP System, almost all input values are validated by a program or against tables or master files. Since some types of validations cannot be standardized, you can use FI-SL's validations program to create validations for your system.
With validations, you can check values and combinations of values as they are being entered in the SAP environment. Validation rules are stored in the Rule Manager; as data is entered, the Integration Manager validates the data against the validation rules stored in the Rule Manager. Because data is validated before it is posted, only valid information enters the FI-SL System.
You define validation rules using Boolean logic. When you define a validation rule, the system checks the validation rule to ensure that it is syntactically correct.
You can also define the result of breaking the validation rule. For instance, you can specify that a message is issued but the user can continue processing. You can also force the user to correct the error before processing can continue.
For more information, see Validation or What Are Validations?. For more information on using validations, see Creating a Validation. For more information on Boolean Logic, see Introduction to Boolean Logic.
Substitution
Substitution rules are stored in the Rule Manager. When data is entered in the system, it is substituted by the Integration Manager. The Integration Manager calls the Rule Manager. Substitution occurs before the data is posted to the FI-SL databases.
You define substitution rules using Boolean logic. When you define a substitution rule, the system checks the substitution rule to ensure that it is syntactically correct.
For more information, see Substitution or What Are Substitutions?. For more information on using substitutions, see Creating a Substitution. For more information on Boolean Logic, see Introduction to Boolean Logic.
Rules
A rule is a Boolean expression that you can use as a condition, as a check, or in another rule. Rules enable you to refer to frequently used Boolean statements simply by specifying the rule name.
The FI-SL Integration Manager uses Boolean logic. When you use Boolean logic and syntax, you can:
Validate data
Substitute data
Select ledgers for posting
Transfer substitution data to a rollup ledger
Select report data
The Rule Manager stores the Boolean rules used to analyze data. The Integration Manager calls the Rule Manager and determines whether entered data should be used. If a Boolean statement is true, an action is taken; if a statement is false, no action is taken.
Boolean logic is used in the following FI-SL modules:
Validation
Substitution
Ledger selection
Report Writer
Rollups
To use Boolean Logic in one of the functions listed, you create statements that are used as formulas in the FI-SL System. For more information on using Boolean Logic, see Introduction to Boolean Logic or Boolean Logic Statements and Rules.

Exact difference between function and procedure

exact difference between function and procedure(real time diff.....not like return value, dml....) and function do some work at the same time that work also do procedure..why function

ranitB wrote:
1. Function is called Inline a query. A return value is must.
But, procedure may/may not contain a return value.Not true.
A function may be called in a query providing it meets certain limitations (no DDL, or transactional statements such as commit/rollback etc.).
A function does not have to be called from a query, it can be called from other PL/SQL code or from other external applications.
Regular functions must return a value, though pipelined functions do not...
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE split_tbl IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(32767);
2 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION split (p_list VARCHAR2, p_delim VARCHAR2:=' ') RETURN SPLIT_TBL PIPELINED IS
2      l_idx    PLS_INTEGER;
3      l_list   VARCHAR2(32767) := p_list;
4      l_value VARCHAR2(32767);
5    BEGIN
6      LOOP
7        l_idx := INSTR(l_list, p_delim);
8        IF l_idx > 0 THEN
9          PIPE ROW(SUBSTR(l_list, 1, l_idx-1));
10          l_list := SUBSTR(l_list, l_idx+LENGTH(p_delim));
11        ELSE
12          PIPE ROW(l_list);
13          EXIT;
14        END IF;
15      END LOOP;
16      RETURN;
17    END SPLIT;
18 /
Function created.
SQL> SELECT column_value
2 FROM TABLE(split('FRED,JIM,BOB,TED,MARK',','));
COLUMN_VALUE
FRED
JIM
BOB
TED
MARK... whilst the definition of the function shows a return type, the return statement inside the function simply returns, without a value. That's because the data is passed back through a special "pipeline", and you can write code to show that the data is available to a query as soon as it's piped, and before the function has completed (reached the return statement) if you like.
A procedure does not return a value (And no an OUT parameter is not a "returned" value, it's a writeable parameter, there's a difference)
2. There are some limitations in functions which is possbl through procedures.
Like - Oracle doesn't support DML in functions called in Select queries (using PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION will help).Not strictly true. and SQL query is considered to be DML, so a function could perform a query and then be used inside another query...
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace function f_dname(p_deptno in number) return varchar2 is
2    v_dname varchar2(10);
3 begin
4    select dname into v_dname
5    from   dept
6    where deptno = p_deptno;
7    return v_dname;
8* end;
SQL> /
Function created.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select empno, ename, f_dname(deptno) as dname from emp
SQL> /
     EMPNO ENAME      DNAME
      7369 SMITH      RESEARCH
      7499 ALLEN      SALES
      7521 WARD       SALES
      7566 JONES      RESEARCH
      7654 MARTIN     SALES
      7698 BLAKE      SALES
      7782 CLARK      ACCOUNTING
      7788 SCOTT      RESEARCH
      7839 KING       ACCOUNTING
      7844 TURNER     SALES
      7876 ADAMS      RESEARCH
      7900 JAMES      SALES
      7902 FORD       RESEARCH
      7934 MILLER     ACCOUNTING
14 rows selected.It's been discussed many times on the forum... my favourite here...
{message:id=1668675}
Edited by: BluShadow on 17-Sep-2012 09:22

Exact difference between se09 and se10

Hi all,
i want to know the exact difference between se09 and se10 .
i know
SE09 is the workbench transport requests transaction - here the developers can track changes to all ABAP workbench objects (dictionary, reports, module pools, etc). This is a developer-specific transaction and mostly all developers have access to this transaction.
SE10 is the customizing request display transaction - this displays all the customizing requests in the system. Again, this could be restricted to Business analysts if required, since they would be doing most of the customizing changes in the system.
but i think this is not the correct answer which is already appear in the thread list
recently sombady has answer like the one which i have mentioned above but the interviwer said that this is wrong.
CAN ANYONE TELL ME THE EXACT ANSWER AND HELP ME OUT.
Regards
fareed

Hi Fareed,
First of all, i would say its a nice obsevation. As soon as i saw your post i started checking both transactions in seperate window and i found something interesting.
My Observation is as follows:-
<b>When we create a Transaction, apart from the Transaction Name, Program Name, Screen Number etc., we also can give someting called "AUTHORIZATION FOR CALLED TRANSACTIONS", under the menu: UTILITIES of the window.
Also we can use TRANSACTION:SE97, Maintain Transaction call Authorization in CALL TRANSACTION. Here we maintain the list of TRANSACTION CALLED for our Calling Transaction.
Now if you see, this list for Transaction SE09 and SE10, The Authorization for Called Transaction Differs a lot. Hence the difference bettween SE09 and SE10 is mainly the AUTHORIZATION Objects.</b>
<b>NOTE:</b> This is my own observation, so there are chances of misinterpretation from my side, accounting to the human err. But this is something new to me too.
Thanks and regards,
RAVI :).
PLEASE AWARD POINTS IF YOU FEEL MY SOLUTION TO YOUR QUESTION IS RIGHT $-).

What is the difference between OCIEnvCreate and OCIEnvNlsCreate with utf16

because i find a oci sample code cdemouni.c,in this sample,use OCIEnvCreate with mode set OCI_UTF16,but OCIEnvNlsCreate also can set charset and ncharset OCI_UTF16ID,what is the difference between OCIEnvCreate and OCIEnvNlsCreate with UTF16?

First, OCIEnvNlsCreate() is recommended way of switching to UTF-16 mode.
Second, OCIEnvNlsCreate() uses new semantics for bind and define buffer lengths. With new semantics all lengths are in bytes. With old semantics,
UTF-16 string lengths are in codepoints, while other character sets use bytes.
You can get new length semantics with OCIEnvCreate() as well, by
adding OCI_NEW_LENGTH_SEMANTICS to the 'mode' flags.
-- Sergiusz

Difference between aggregation and calculation tab in BEx Query Designer

HI,
I am using BEx Query Designer for my report, for the key figures in the coloumn area i slected one numeric key figures, in the properties tab i found aggregation tab and calculation tab.
I need to sum up the total values for that particualar coloumn, when i used calculation tab i found to sum all the values for a particular coloumn, then what is the use the aggreagation tab?
I not able to used that Aggregation tab it is showing as a hidden fields...
can any one tell me whats the exact difference between these tabs and when we need to use which tab?
With Regards,
Thanesh Kumar.

Hi Thanesh Kumar,
I moved this thread from forum Data Warehousing to Business Explorer since it is a query related question (as SDN moderator).
I could explain to you the difference between these two tabs.
For "calculation" tab, it changes the display of result and does not change the calculation logic.
It means that, if this key figure is used further in formula, still the original number (without "calculation" tab setting) is used for further formula calculation.
For "aggregation" tab, it changes the real calculation logic.
The system takes the setting as the aggregation rule for records.
The most common aggregation rule is of course summation. If you set to e.g. Average here, the system does the
Average instead of summation when aggregating records. And the Average value will be taken for calculation
in further formulas or other calculations.
For "aggregation" tab, you could only use it for CKF (calculated key figure) or formula and you could not use it for
a basic key figure. That should be the reason why you see it greyed-out.
Regards,
Patricia

I'm shopping for an iPad. What is the difference between Wifi and Wifi with cellular/3G?

I'm shopping for an iPad. What is the difference between Wifi only and Wifi with cellular/3G?

Depending from what do you want. The only WI-FI iPad have wireless connection. The WI-FI plus cellular/3G have wireless connection and celular/3G connection to call everyone and the mobile data for internet but the software is same.

What is exact difference between PPM and PDS

Hi,
can any one prove details of Difference between PPM and PDS
Thanks
suresh

Dear Suresh,
please find below the detailed comparative account of PDS Vs PPM. You can copy and put it in an excel sheet in different columns and then read which is easy to understand.
PDS:
1. Production Data Structure (PDS) in APO 3.1 & Run Time Object (RTO) in 4.0 and above versions
2. Master Data Object
3. Useful for scenarios where the compoenent has got different validity periods
4. Used as Master data Basis for Planning in SAP-APO
5. Contains active Master data from iPPE (Integrated Product and Process Engineering) generated from a production version
6. PPDS PDS & SNP PDS can be used as master data for planning
7. Change Management, variant configuration & Phantom assemplies are supported in PDS
8. Sub-contracting in SNP is fully integrated with R/3 is supported in PDS
9. Direct transfer of SNP PDS from R/3 is possible
10.Rapid Planning Matrix can be generated
11. Not possible to maintain PDS directly in APO and can be used only in combination with R/3
12. The transfer of data changes is simpler
13. Not possible to create alternate SNP-PDS in std system for different mode combinations
14. PDS can be automatically generated from two sources ie R/3 and iPPE
PPM:
1. Production Process Model
2. Master Data Object
3. Cannot be used for scenarios where the component has got different validity period
4. Used as Master data Basis for Planning in SAP-APO
5. Contains active Master data generated from the combination of routing (BoM & receipe) and production versions
6. PPDS PPM & SNP PPM's can be used as master data for planning
7. Not supported by PPM
8. Not supported by PPM
9. Not possible here. SNP PPMs will be generated via PPDS PPMs
10. Not possible
11. PPMs can be directly created in APO and can be modified without R/3 also.
12. Little Complex when compared to PDS
13. Alternate SNP-PPMs can be easily created
14. PPM can be generated automatically generated only from R/3

Difference between VMI and collaboration with customer

Hai,
I am trying to understand the difference between VMI and collaborative planning with customer(CPC)
Please correct me if I am wrong. In VMI, a vendor or manufacturer sells his material to customer and through EDI, the customer gives the information such as forecast, stock etc.
In CPC, the vendor and customer interchange information, such as demand, stock levels, promotions, delivery dates etc., based on ITS.
What is the difference between these two?
If I am not wrong, EDI is used for outside company communication andITS for within. So, can I say that VMI is for customer outside the company and CPC for internal customer?
Thank you.

Hi Visu,
Service provided by a vendor for a customer, whereby the vendor plans material requirements in the customer's company. Vendor-managed inventory is only possible if the vendor has access to the customer's current stock and sales data.
In the ERP system, the following functions are available for vendor-managed inventory:
Transfer of stock and sales data by EDI
Receipt of stock and sales data by EDI
Replenishment planning for customers
Creation of a purchase order for an external EDI order acknowledgment
supply chain management tool that synchronizes demand signals and supply chain activities by utilizing Internet technology. Collaborative Planning enables supply chain partners to view, share and synchronize common information within the supply chain.
Hope this helps.
Regards,
Mohan

Difference between aggregation and composition

Are they essentially the same thing or is there a subtle difference ?

Aggregation - "has x"
class Triangle{
public Point[] vertices = new Point[3];
A triangle has three vertices. A Point can exist on it's own but the vertices of a triangle cannot exist without the triangle. So do you describe the relationship between a triangle and one of it's vertices as aggregation or composition.
Composition - "contains x"
So can we use this term to describe the relationship between a colelction and it's elements ? An element of the collection has no identity of it's own. So that fits the description. But we also say that a class is a composite type.
Is is correct to say a class is a user defined data type that is an aggregate of it's component types ?

Difference between Scheduled and released with respect to process chains

HI All,
I am Creating a cube in whcih I want to upload the current status of the process chain.
And the requirement is not to take those process chains whcih are scheduled and not released( only take those process chains whcih have status released)
for the same I dont know what is the difference between Scheduled and Released in respect of process Chains and also from whcih Database table I can get this information.
Please help.
Regards,
Ujjwal

Hi,
Job Status Scheduled means a job has been created and is ready to run but has not yet been triggered.
A release status means the created job has been triggered and is waiting for the opportunity to run. A job can be in released status when it is a periodic Job ( Where once the job is completed it goes to release status), when it is slated for future execution, or when there is a delay due to database overload.
Regards,
Pramod

Packages, import and Inheriting with static

Hello.
I am programming a program, in which the main class (file: Main.java) uses objects declared in Components.java.
The problem is, the import of the components only works if I explicitly make the main class inherit from the components class with whose objects being declared as 'static'. A simple import instruction, the way I learned it, in the main class such as 'import <project>.components;' does not work.
Sample code:
Current state; working
Main.java:
package <project>;
public class Main extends Components {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        start();
}Components.java:
package <project>
public class Components {
    public static void start() {
        // code
}Desired:
Main.java
package <project>;
import <project>.components;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        start();
}Components.java:
package <project>
public class Components {
    public void start() {
        // code
}How to realize this idea into a working program?
Thanks in advance!

I apologize for not conveying my problem proberly, but you have to know I did not learn Java with reference material in the English language, therefore it might happen that some terms are not translated correctly (by me) and thus not equaling the standardised terms.
Anyway, let me try to rephrase my problem.
I want to use the object declared in Components.java in the main class/main methode of the file Main.java. In order to achieve this goal I used inheriting, concretely the main class inherits from the components class, as a makeshift to use Components.java's objects in the main class. However this is not the way I want to accomplish my objective with.
To make a long story short I just want to utilise Components.java's object in Main.java's main method. The manner to achieve this does not matter, though I want to do it preferably with 'import'.
Hope this clears things up. Thank you anyway.
Edited by: Ikaragua on May 31, 2008 6:00 AM
Solution found.
package project;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Components.start();
}

Exact difference betwteen aggregation and Inheritance with example

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