GetInstance() vs static methods

Say you want some globally accessible manager type class.
I can think of two ways to do it.
1. singleton. i.e. private constructor, static getInstanceMethod(), non-static methods. So you do: Manager.getInstance().doIt();
2. private constructor, static methods.
So you do: Manager.doIt();
What are the benefits of each?
Any ideas?
Cheers,
Jim

http://www.google.com/search?q=singleton+vs.+static+methods

Similar Messages

Can't get ClassLoader from static method.

I'm trying to get the ClassLoader within a static method getInstance().
public class PropertyManager {
public static PropertyManager getInstance(String fileName) {
//The following line returns null
ClassLoader cl = (new Object()).getClass().getClassLoader();
URL url = cl.getResource(fileName);
etc...
However if getInstance gets called from e.g. a statless session bean, a null
is returned instead of a valid ClassLoader.
The same code executed from a standalone java program (e.g. from
main(String[] args)) returns a valid ClassLoader
Why does getClassLoader behave differently in WebLogic than in a standalone
java program?
Thanks for you help.
Bernie

Sorry for the confusion. I wrote a couple of more test programs and was able
to confirm that WL behaves exacltly the same as java does. For some reason
my intial tests were messed up...
getClassLoader() executed from a static method always returns null (in WL as
well as in a java standalone program).
In this case ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() will return a valid class
loader.
Thanks for your help.
Bernie
"Rob Woollen" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]..
Bernhard Lenz wrote:
I tried that as well, but getClassLoader() still returns null when
executed
in WL.
I'm still not clear how getClassLoader() gets affected by running withinWL.
>>
>
Very odd. Where is this class located? in the server's classpath, in ajar or
war file? Does getClass().getClassLoader work from a non-static method inthis
class?
-- Rob
"Rob Woollen" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]..
You want PropertyManager.class.getClassLoader()
-- Rob
Bernhard Lenz wrote:
I'm trying to get the ClassLoader within a static method
getInstance().
>>>>
public class PropertyManager {
public static PropertyManager getInstance(String fileName) {
//The following line returns null
ClassLoader cl = (new Object()).getClass().getClassLoader();
URL url = cl.getResource(fileName);
etc...
However if getInstance gets called from e.g. a statless sessionbean, a
null
is returned instead of a valid ClassLoader.
The same code executed from a standalone java program (e.g. from
main(String[] args)) returns a valid ClassLoader
Why does getClassLoader behave differently in WebLogic than in astandalone
java program?
Thanks for you help.
Bernie

Non-static method getRealPath cannot be referenced from a static context

Hi, I'm fairly new to java and servlets, I get the following error referencing the line denoted in the code snippet with a ">>" I don't understand why I am getting this error message?
Message: non-static method getRealPath(java.lang.String) cannot be referenced from a static context
public class events extends HttpServlet implements SingleThreadModel {
private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html";
//Initialize global variables
public Document xmlDocument;
public HttpSession theSession;
public RequestDispatcher pageInit;
public RequestDispatcher pageHeader;
public RequestDispatcher pageFooter;
public String path;
public void setPath(){
path = getServletContext.getRealPath( "/" ); }
public void init() throws ServletException {
}

Ok More Code, I am weary of posting too much? I don't know why come to think of it?
package altitude;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import org.jdom.*;
import altitude.sysVar;
public class events extends HttpServlet implements SingleThreadModel {
private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html";
//Initialize global variables
public Document xmlDocument;
public HttpSession theSession;
public RequestDispatcher pageInit;
public RequestDispatcher pageHeader;
public RequestDispatcher pageFooter;
public String path;
public void getRealPath(){
    path = ServletContext.getRealPath( "/" );
public void init() throws ServletException {
//Process the HTTP Get request
public void doGet( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //Initialise some Global Variables
    theSession = request.getSession( true );
    doPage( request, response );
//Process the HTTP Post request
public void doPost( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //Initialise some Global Variables
    theSession = request.getSession( true );
    doPage( request, response );
public void doPage( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //Initialise the variables and get the parameters from the query string.
    String eventID = request.getParameter( "eventID" );
    String dateFrom = request.getParameter( "dateFrom" );
    String dateTo = request.getParameter( "dateTo" );
    theSession.setAttribute( "Page Title", sysVar.servletTitle_events);
    Calendar theCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
    RequestDispatcher pageInit = request.getRequestDispatcher( sysVar.servlet_initSession );
    pageInit.include( request, response );
    RequestDispatcher pageHeader = request.getRequestDispatcher( theSession.getAttribute( "Skin Directory" ) + sysVar.page_header );
    RequestDispatcher pageBody = request.getRequestDispatcher( sysVar.servletJsp_events );
    RequestDispatcher pageFooter = request.getRequestDispatcher( theSession.getAttribute( "Skin Directory" ) + sysVar.page_footer );
    //Initailize the site for this visitor this sets up the skin, and any customisations that may exist.
    //load variables, objects in to the session
    theSession.setAttribute( "Xml Document Object", path + sysVar.data_events );
    pageHeader.include( request, response );
    pageBody.include( request, response );
    pageFooter.include( request, response );
    //remove the variables and the objects from the session
    theSession.setAttribute( "Xml Document Object", "" );
//Clean up resources
public void destroy() {
}

Static methods in data access classes

Are we getting any advantage by keeping functions of DAOs (to be accessed by Session Beans) static ?

I prefer to have a class of static methods that
require a Connection to do their work. Usually, there
is a SessionBean that 'wraps' this DAO. The method
signatures for the SSB are the same, minus the need
for a Connection, which the SSB gets before delegating
to the Static Class.Uggh, passing around a connection. I've had to refactor a bunch of code that used this pattern. We had classes in our system that took a class in their constructor simply because one of their methods created an object that needed the connection. Bad news--maintenance nightmare--highly inflexible.
What we've done is create ConnectionFactory singletons that are used throughtout the application in order to get connections to the database. All connection factory implementations implement the same interface so they can be plugged in from other components at runtime.
In my opinion, classes that use connections should manage them themselves to ensure proper cleanup and consistent state. By using a factory implementation, we simply provide the DAO classes the means by which they can retrieve connections to the database and even the name of the database that needs to be used that is pluggable. The DAO classes do their own connection management.
For similar reasons, I eschew the static method concept. By using class methods, you make it difficult to plug in a new implementation at runtime. I much prefer the singleton pattern with an instance that implements a common interface instead of a class full of static methods.
I recently needed to dynamically plug in new connection factory implementation so that we could use JNDI and DataSources within the context of the application server (pooled connections) but use direct connections via the Driver manager for unit testing (so the application server didn't need to be running). Because of the way this was coded, I simply changed the original factory to be an abstract factory and changed the getInstance() method to return a different implementation based on the environment (unit test vs live). This was painless and didn't require changing a single line of client code.
If I had to do this using the previous code that I refactored, I would have had to change about 200 jsp pages and dozens of classes that were making calls to the static method of the previous factory or hacked in something ugly and hard to maintain.
YMMV

Why not to use static methods - with example

Hi Everyone,
I'd like to continue the below thread about "why not to use static methods"
Why not to use static methods
with a concrete example.
In my small application I need to be able to send keystrokes. (java.awt.Robot class is used for this)
I created the following class for these "operations" with static methods:
public class KeyboardInput {
     private static Robot r;
     static {
          try {
               r = new Robot();
          } catch (AWTException e) {
               throw new RuntimeException(e + "Robot couldn't be initialized.");
     public static void wait(int millis){
          r.delay(millis);
     public static void copy() {
          r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
          r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_C);
          r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_C);
          r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL);
     public static void altTab() {
          r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
          r.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_TAB);
          r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_TAB);
          r.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
               // more methods like paste(), tab(), shiftTab(), rightArrow()
}Do you thinks it is a good solution? How could it be improved? I've seen something about Singleton vs. static methods somewhere. Would it be better to use Singleton?
Thanks for any comments in advance,
lemonboston

maheshguruswamy wrote:
lemonboston wrote:
maheshguruswamy wrote:
I think a singleton might be a better approach for you. Just kill the public constructor and provide a getInstance method to provide lazy initialization.Thanks maheshguruswamy for advising on the steps to create a singleton from this class.
Could you maybe advise also about why do you say that it would be better to use singleton? What's behind it? Thanks!In short, it seems to me that a single instance of your class will be able to coordinate actions across your entire application. So a singleton should be enough.But that doesn't answer why he should prefer a singleton instead over a bunch of static methods. Functionally the two are almost identical. In both cases there's only one "thing" on which to call methods--either a single instance of the class, or the class itself.
To answer the question, the main reason to use a Singleton over a classful of static methods is the same reason the drives a lot of non-static vs. static decisions: Polymorphism.
If you use a Singleton (and and interface), you can do something like this:
KeyboardInput kbi = get_some_instance_of_some_class_that_implements_KeyboardInput_somehow_maybe_from_a_factory();And then whatever is calling KBI's public methods only has to know that it has an implementor of that interface, without caring which concrete class it is, and you can substitute whatever implementation is appropriate in a given context. If you don't need to do that, then the static method approach is probably sufficient.
There are other reasons that may suggest a Singleton--serialization, persistence, use as a JavaBean pop to mind--but they're less common and less compelling in my experience.
And finally, if this thing maintains any state between method calls, although you can handle that with static member variables, it's more in keeping with the OO paradigm to make them non-static fields of an instance of that class.

Interesting Qtion: Synchronize a static method

I know that a non-static method and a block can be synchronized.
Can anyone tell me as to what it means to synchronize a static method of a class and how/when is it used. I just tried compiling the code and it gives no compiler/syntactical errors.
it would be helpful if u could take up a simple class example.
Thanks,
Novice

Hi,
A good example for using synchronized static methods is the singleton pattern. E.g.
public class Singleton
private Singleton() {}
private static Singleton fgUniqueInstance;
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance()
    if (fgUniqueInstance==null) {
      fgUniqueInstance = new Singleton();
    return fgUniqueInstance;
}If you won't synchronize this class in a multi-threading environment, it could happen, that more than one instance is created.
Andre

Reflextions within static methods

I need to know the name of the class within a
static method.
In an instance method I can just use
this.getClass(), but not in a static method.
I need it because I have a class that inherits
from a singleton. But I can't use the inherited
static method getInstance(), it gives me
in instance of the superclass.

I don't want to overwrite "instance" and "getInstance()",
I only want to use them in the context of the Class "Something".
Here is my next approach to the Idea:
abstract public class Singelton {
     static Singelton instance = null;
     static Singelton getInstance(Class thisClass)     {
       if(instance == null)
          try {
            Constructor constructor = thisClass.getConstructor();
            instance = (Singelton)constructor.newInstance();
       } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
       return instance;
     abstract public void doSomething();
public class Something extends Singelton {
     public void doSomething()
          System.out.println("Hello world!");
     public static void main(String[] args)
          Singelton s = Something.getInstance(Something.class);
          s.doSomething();
}The only little thing is, I would like to avoid
the parameter "thisClass" in the method "getInstance()",
because the method getInstance() in the class Singelton
is call thru the class Something.

Static method vs synchronisation

Hi,
A fundamental query.
If i am declaring a method as static, can i also declare it as sunchronized? i.e. can i have something like
public static synchronized sss(){
xxx
If a method is static, there is only one instance in the memory. Correspondingly, only one client can execute it at a time. in which case it is automatically synchronized.
Pl correct my reasoning.
When do we have the requirement of having a static method, or probably a singleton??
Thanks,
Prashant Gupta

Hi,
A fundamental query.
If i am declaring a method as static, can i also declare it as sunchronized? i.e. can
i have something like
public static synchronized sss(){
xxx
}?Yes, static methods can be synchronized which means that when any thread is running within a synchronized static method of class C, no other thread may enter a static synchronized method of that class. In other words, the monitor acquired by a static synchronized method is the Class itself while the monitor acquired by a non-static synchronized method is the object refered to by 'this'.
If a method is static, there is only one instance in the memory. Correspondingly,
only one client can execute it at a time. in which case it is automatically synchronized.There is (in most circumstances) a single copy of the definition (bytecodes representing all methods - static or not - and static fields) of of a class. However, any number of threads may be executing within any section of code unles that code is guarded by a synchronized block or within a synchronized method. In that case, no two threads can enter (well, actually be runnable within - Object.wait() has special implications) a synchronized block monitored by the same object.
When do we have the requirement of having a static method, or
probably a singleton??Not sure what you are asking here. You define static methods when there is behavior you want to implement that does not need to have access to instance (non-static) fields or methods and which would never need to be overridden (for purposes of polymorphism) by derived classes.
Wen needing a singleton, you have a choice of defining a "true singleton" (i.e. a class with a private constructor, some sort of static getInstance() method, with the bulk of its methods anf fields are non-static) or defining a class whose methods are all static and whose fields are also all static. Singletons. Use the one that fits you needs the best.
Chuck

About overriding static method inheritance

I have some class PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean which extends the org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.
In PropertyUtilsBean,there is a method:
protected PropertyUtilsBean getInstance() {}I override it in my extend calss PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean:
protected PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean getInstance() {
return new PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean();
}I use Eclipse3.1+Myeclipse4.0,when i choose java5.0 as complier,that all be ok.
But when i copy the source to my company, my pc uses java1.4 as compiler,it show me errors in the getInstance() method:
imcompartible return type,it should return PropertyUtilsBean.
Why?

Ok, so the getInstance() methods are indeed static.
As Kaj said, static methods cannot be overridden.
You would call the method by the classname. For example:
PropertyUtilsBean bean = PropertyUtilsBean.getInstance();If you write a class PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean with a getInstance() method, the call above will still go to class PropertyUtilsBean, and not to your derived class. After all, how is Java supposed to know that you want to have the method in PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean called? You would need to change the call:
PropertyUtilsBean bean = PO2VOPropertyUtilsBean.getInstance();

Compilation error while calling static method from another class

Hi,
I am new to Java Programming. I have written two class files Dummy1 and Dummy2.java in the same package Test.
In Dummy1.java I have declared a static final variable and a static method as you can see it below.
package Test;
import java.io.*;
public class Dummy1
public static final int var1= 10;
public static int varDisp(int var2)
return(var1+var2);
This is program is compiling fine.
I have called the static method varDisp from the class Dummy2 and it is as follows
package Test;
import java.io.*;
public class Dummy2
public int var3=15;
public int test=0;
test+=Dummy1.varDisp(var3);
and when i compile Dummy2.java, there is a compilation error <identifier > expected.
Please help me in this program.

public class Dummy2
public int var3=15;
public int test=0;
test+=Dummy1.varDisp(var3);
}test+=Dummy1.varDisplay(var3);
must be in a method, it cannot just be out somewhere in the class!

Using a non-static vector in a generic class with static methods

I have a little problem with a class (the code is shown underneath). The problem is the Assign method. This method should return a clone (an exact copy) of the set given as an argument. When making a new instance of a GenericSet (with the Initialize method) within the Assign method, the variables of the original set and the clone have both a reference to the same vector, while there exists two instances of GenericSet. My question is how to refer the clone GenericSet's argument to a new vector instead of the existing vector of the original GenericSet. I hope you can help me. Thanks
package genericset;
import java.util.*;
public class GenericSet<E>{
private Vector v;
public GenericSet(Vector vec) {
v = vec;
private <T extends Comparable> Item<T> get(int index) {
return (Item<T>) v.get(index);
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> initialize() {
return new GenericSet<T>(new Vector());
public Vector getVector() {
return v;
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> insert (GenericSet<T> z, Item<T> i){
GenericSet<T> g = assign(z);
Vector v = g.getVector();
if (!member(g,i))
v.addElement(i);
return g;
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> delete(GenericSet<T> z, Item<T> i){
GenericSet<T> g = assign(z);
Vector v = g.getVector();
if (member(g,i))
v.remove(i);
return g;
public static <T extends Comparable> boolean member(GenericSet<T> z, Item<T> i) {
Vector v = z.getVector();
return v.contains(i);
public static <T extends Comparable> boolean equal(GenericSet<T> z1, GenericSet<T> z2) {
Vector v1 = z1.getVector();
Vector v2 = z2.getVector();
if((v1 == null) && (v2 != null))
return false;
return v1.equals(v2);
public static <T extends Comparable> boolean empty(GenericSet<T> z) {
return (cardinality(z) == 0);
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> union(GenericSet<T> z1, GenericSet<T> z2) {
GenericSet<T> g = assign(z1);
for(int i=0; i<cardinality(z2); i++) {
Item<T> elem = z2.get(i);
insert(g, elem);
return g;
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> intersection(GenericSet<T> z1, GenericSet<T> z2) {
GenericSet<T> g = initialize();
for(int i=0; i<cardinality(z2); i++) {
Item<T> elem = z2.get(i);
if(member(z1, elem))
insert(g, elem);
return g;
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> difference(GenericSet<T> z1, GenericSet<T> z2) {
GenericSet<T> g = initialize();
for(int i=0; i<cardinality(z1); i++) {
Item<T> elem = z1.get(i);
if(!member(z2, elem))
insert(g, elem);
for(int i=0; i<cardinality(z2); i++) {
Item<T> elem = z2.get(i);
if(!member(z1, elem))
insert(g, elem);
return g;
public static <T extends Comparable> GenericSet<T> assign(GenericSet<T> z) {
GenericSet<T> g = initialize();
for(int i=0; i<cardinality(z); i++) {
Item<T> elem = z.get(i);
insert(g, elem);
return g;
public static <T extends Comparable> boolean subset(GenericSet<T> z1, GenericSet<T> z2) {
for(int i=0; i<cardinality(z1); i++) {
Item<T> elem = z1.get(i);
if(!member(z2, elem))
return false;
return true;
public static <T extends Comparable> int cardinality(GenericSet<T> z){
Vector v = z.getVector();
return v.size();
}

The issue is not "reference a non-static interface", but simply that you cannot reference a non-static field in a static method - what value of the field ed would the static method use? Seems to me your findEditorData should look something like this:   public static EditorBean findEditorData( String username, EditorBean editorData )
      return editorData.ed.findEditor( username );
   }

Using HttpServletRequest object to share variables between static methods.

Does anyone know of the overhead/performance implications of using the HttpServletRequest object to share variables between a static method and the calling code?
First, let me explain why I am doing it.
I have some pagination code that I would like to share across multiple servlets. So I pulled the pagination code out, and created a static method that these servlets could all use for their pagination.
public class Pagination {
     public static void setPagination (HttpServletRequest request, Config conf, int totalRows) {
          int page = 0;
          if (request.getParameter("page") != null) {
               page = new Integer(request.getParameter("page")).intValue();
          int articlesPerPage = conf.getArticlesPerPage();
          int pageBoundary = conf.getPageBoundary();
            int numOfPages = totalRows / articlesPerPage;
            // Checks if the page variable is empty (not set)
            if (page == 0 || (page > numOfPages && (totalRows % articlesPerPage) == 0 && page < numOfPages + 1)) {
             page = 1; // If it is empty, we're on page 1
          // Ex: (2 * 25) - 25 = 25 <- data starts at 25
         int startRow = page * articlesPerPage - (articlesPerPage);
         int endRow = startRow + (articlesPerPage);
         // Set array of page numbers.
         int minDisplayPage = page - pageBoundary;
         if (minDisplayPage < 1) {
              minDisplayPage = 1;
         int maxDisplayPage = page + pageBoundary;
         if (maxDisplayPage > numOfPages) {
              maxDisplayPage = numOfPages;
         int arraySize = (maxDisplayPage - minDisplayPage) + 1;
         // Check if there is a remainder page (partially filled page).
         if ((totalRows % articlesPerPage) != 0) arraySize++;
         // Set array to correct size.
         int[] pages = new int[arraySize];
         // Fill the array.
         for (int i = 1; i <= pages.length; i++) {
              pages[i - 1] = i;
         // Set pageNext and pagePrev variables.
         if (page != 1) {
              int pagePrev = page - 1;
              request.setAttribute("pagePrev", pagePrev);
         if ((totalRows - (articlesPerPage * page)) > 0) {
             int pageNext = page + 1;
             request.setAttribute("pageNext", pageNext);
         // These will be used by calling code for SQL query.
         request.setAttribute("startRow", startRow);
         request.setAttribute("endRow", endRow);
         // These will be used in JSP page.
         request.setAttribute("totalRows", totalRows);
         request.setAttribute("numOfPages", numOfPages);
         request.setAttribute("page", page);
         request.setAttribute("pages", pages);
}I need two parameters from this method (startrow and endrow) so I can perform my SQL queries. Since this is a multithreaded app, I do not want to use class variables that I will later retrieve through methods.
So my solution was to just set the two parameters in the request and grab them later with the calling code like this:
// Set pagination
Pagination.setPagination(request, conf, tl.getTotalRows());
// Grab variables set into request by static method
int startRow = new Integer(request.getAttribute("startRow").toString());
int endRow = new Integer(request.getAttribute("endRow").toString());
// Use startRow and endRow for SQL query below...Does anyone see any problem with this from a resource/performance standpoint? Any idea on what the overhead is in using the HttpServletRequest object like this to pass variables around?
Thanks for any thoughts.

You could either
- create instance vars in both controllers and set them accordingly to point to the same object (from the App Delegate) OR
- create an instance variable on the App Delegate and access it from within the view controllers
Hope this helps!

Can you set a global EntityResolver (via system property, or static method)

I'm trying to set a customized EntityResolver (telling the xml parser where to look for XML schema files).
Usually, you'd use the standard syntax - somehting like:
SaxParser parser=new SaxParser();
parser.parser.setEntityResolver(myResolver);
However, I was wondering whether you can set a "global" EntityResolver, to be used as default for all parsers ?
Maybe this can be done through some system property, or a static method somewhere in the parsing XML ?
(BTW, I need it because I'm using some third-party API, that encapsulates a SaxParser, but won't let me access it, so I can't configure it directly).
thanks.

I don't think you can.
What is possible is to set content on the folder resource itself; that would be returned instead of the page you mentioned.

How to call a static method from an event handler

Hi,
I'm trying to call a static method of class I designed. But I don't know how to do it. This method will be called from an event handler of a web dynpro for Abap application.
Can somebody help me?
Thx in advance.
Hamza.

To clearly specify the problem.
I have a big part code that I use many times in my applications. So I decided to put it in a static method to reuse the code. but my method calls functions module of HR module. but just after the declaration ( at the first line of the call function) it thows an exception. So I can't call my method.

How to call a static method in a class if I have just the object?

Hello. I have an abstract class A where I have a static method blah(). I have 2 classes that extend class A called B and C. In both classes I override method blah(). I have an array with objects of type B and C.
For every instance object of the array, I'm trying to call the static method in the corresponding class. For objects of type B I want to call blah() method in B class and for objects of type C I want to call blah() method in C class. I know it's possible to call a static method with the name of the object, too, but for some reason (?) it calls blah() method in class A if I try this.
So my question is: how do I code this? I guess I need to cast to the class name and then call the method with the class name, but I couldn't do it. I tried to use getClass() method to get the class name and it works, but I didn't know what to do from here...
So any help would be appreciated. Thank you.

As somebody already said, to get the behavior you
want, make the methods non-static.You all asked me why I need that method to be
static... I'm not surprised to hear this question
because I asked all my friends before posting here,
and all of them asked me this... It's because some
complicated reasons, I doubt it.
the application I'm writing is
quite big...Irrelevant.
Umm... So what you're saying is there is no way to do
this with that method being static? The behavior you describe cannot be obtained with only static methods in Java. You'd have to explicitly determine the class and then explicitly call the correct class' method.

GetInstance() vs static methods

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