How do i extract year from a variable???

Question

Hi all,
I want to extract year from a parameter.
I tried the following, i'm getting errors.
When I executed the below code,
SELECT TO_CHAR(:X_PRM_YR_END_DT,'YYYY') FROM dual;
I got the following error.
ORA-01722:invalid number
When I executed the below code,
SELECT TO_DATE(:X_PRM_YR_END_DT,'YYYY') FROM dual;
SELECT to_char(TO_DATE(:X_PRM_YR_END_DT,'YYYY')) FROM dual;
I got the following error.
ORA-01830: date format end before converting entire input string
When I executed the below code,
  SELECT extract(YEAR FROM :X_PRM_YR_END_DT) FROM dual;
  SELECT extract(YEAR FROM 1/11/2013) FROM dual;
I got the following error.
ORA-30076: invalid extract field for extract source
How do i extract year from a variable???
Help me plz
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production.

Answer 1

Try This,
select TO_CHAR(to_date('01/01/1980','dd/mm/yyyy'),'YYYY') FROM dual;