How to mount BTRFS subvolume?

Hi all, I created a BTRFS volume in RAID 5 mode (label is 'raid5') across 3 raw disks (hdb, hdc, hdd) and mounted it in /media/raid5. I then created a few subvolumes including a 'home' subvolume. Prior to this, I had the whole system mounted in / on an ext4 partition.
Question: How do I mount that raid5.home subvolume into /home, and the other subvolumes elsewhere?

If you don't know how to mount a subvolume, you probably don't follow btrfs development very closely (read: at all).  That being the case, I just want to point out that btrfs is still often considered experimental, and the btrfs raid5/6 support is brand-spanking-new and considered entirely unstable.  So you should not be using it if you care at all about your data.  (But if you are using btrfs in the first place, you should have working, tested backups anyway, right?)
For information more directly related to your question, please see the btrfs wiki. You should really read through that if you want to use btrfs anyway.  And I'm talking about https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org not the btrfs page in the Arch wiki.  This question is about how to use one of the more basic functionalities of btrfs, so it is well documented, and the information can be found all over the internets.

Similar Messages

  • How to setup a btrfs subvolume and boot onto it

    I have backed up my previous laptops Arch install onto an external drive and now I have a new laptop with btrfs and I would like to rsync my previous Arch into a subvolume so I can boot into it separetely from the main current OS. Being new to btrfs, and not wanting to destroy my new installation, I was hoping someone could provide some generic step by step instructions on how to create a bootable btrfs subvolme (the rsync step is easy) and how to tweak grub to boot onto it?

    Its pretty simple actually.  You create a subvolume and you can mount the filesystem from that point.  So say I were to do:
    # btrfs subvolume create /rootfs
    I could then mount it with:
    # mount -o subvol=rootfs /dev/sda1 /mnt
    Thus, to make it so that you can mount that filesystem as the rootfs, you would need pass that mount option when the machine is booting.  This is typically done in the fstab.  But there is a small problem there since the initramfs will first mount the partition looking for /sbin/init, using the kernel command line to figure out what to do.  So you will have to modify your kernel command line in order to get it to mount the proper thing.  This can be done with the rootflags= option.
    Alternatively, you can specify /rootfs as the default subvolume.  This will make it so that if you pass no mount options to it, it will mount at subvol=rootfs.
    You should do some reading about btrfs on the btrfs wiki (the actual btrfs wiki).  Some basic knowledge about how to use things and the various tools that ship with the progs would take you a long way.  It might also keep you from unnecessarily doing various recovery things that might totally wreck the filesystem.  Remember that btrfs is still in very active development.  Make sure you have tested backups.

  • Trying to understand and learn how to use btrfs

    I have been the past days trying to get my head around how btrfs works
    I have been trying tools like mkinitcpio-btrfs (very poorly documented) and now, if i list the subvolumes i have in certain volume (/) i see i have 4 subvolumes that have been created while playing around.
    If i try to delete them with "sudo btrfs subvolume delete __active", for example, I get a "ERROR: Error accessing '__active'
    What am I doing wrong?
    Also, I cannot get the whole idea about the difference between snapshots and subvolumes, i mean, a snapshot should be a directory that saves the changes made on the fs, s, if you want to roll back those changes, you just have to make btrfs "forget" the changes stored in that directory and move along, but I cannot take the idea of the subvolume thing.....
    As btrfs is quite experimental and the wikis are not noob-proof still, I'd appreciate if someone gave me a hand trying to understand these concept...
    For the moment, I'm just using it on a test computer and on a personal laptop with no fear of data loss,.
    Any help is welcome
    Thanks!
    Last edited by jasonwryan (2013-07-19 23:13:27)

    I honestly think it is probably a better idea to not use mkinitpcio-btrfs.  As mentioned above, it is poorly documented, and for me it has never worked right (if at all).  It is an unofficial AUR package, and unfortunately our wiki still seems to give the false impression that using this package is the way to user btrfs with Arch.
    The way I have my system set up is that in subvolid=0 (the root of the btrfs filesystem) I have a rootfs subvolume and a home subvolume (there are others, but these are what primarily make up my system).  So in my fstab, I basically have two nearly identical lines, but one has no subvol specified and is mounted at /, and the other has 'subvol=home' mounted at /home. 
    So in order to make it so that I can change the root filesystem as I please, instead of having the / fstab entry specify the subvolume, I put it in the kernel command line.  That is, I have 'rootflags=subvol=rootfs' in the kernel command line.  So if I want to change it, I simply change the path to one of the snapshots. 
    Just remember that if you are one who likes a custom kernel, it is likely that you will have to have an initamfs no matter what you compile into your kernel.  For one thing, the kernel has no mechanism for scanning for multiple device btrfs filesystems.  But also, I have read that the kernel itself cannot handle the rootflags kernel command line argument.
    Oracle Linux does something interesting with their default setup.  They are not a rolling release, so this probably wouldn't work so well in Arch Linux, but they actually install the root filesystem (I think it is actually done to subvolid=0) and then after installation of the packages, a snapshot of the root filesystem is made, and the system is setup to boot off of that snapshot.  So it is almost like having an overlayfs on openwrt.  There is always a copy of the original system, and and changes that are being made are being done "on top" of the original.  So in the event of an emergency, yo can always get back to the original working state.
    If you put your root filesystem on something other than the root of the btrfs filesystem (which you should, as it makes the whole setup much more flexible), then you should also set up a mountpoint somewhere to give administrator access to the filesystem from subvolid=0.  For example, I have an autofs mountpoint at /var/lib/btrfs-root.   chose that spot because /var/lib is where devtools puts the clean chroot.  So it seemed as reasonable a place as any.
    You should go to the btrfs wiki, and peruse through the stuff there... not our wiki, but the actual btrfs one, as our wiki is pretty sparse.  There is not all that much content there (not like the Arch wiki), but it does cover the features pretty well.  I mean, there is certainly quite a lot for being information on only a single filesystem, but it shouldn't take you too long to get through it.  There are a few links to articles about midway down the front page.  What really gave me a better grasp of getting started with btrfs were the ones titled "How I Got Started with the Btrfs Filesystem for Oracle Linux" and "How I Use the Advanced Capabilities of Btrfs".

  • Clarification on Btrfs Subvolumes

    Howdy-ha, folks.  So, I just got myself a new Western Digital Advance Format HDD for my laptop.  While I first considered cloning my current drive, I decided instead to just reinstall by backing up/restoring the pacman cache, first formatting the drive as Btrfs.  I've hit a snag, though, because despite reading through the Brtfs wiki FAQ, Use Cases and Getting Started entries word-for-word (twice, even), the Arch wiki entry on Btrfs and searching the forums I can't quite wrap my head around subvolumes.  I understand that the general idea is to do away with multiple, partially-full partitions, but I can't figure out how subvolumes are mounted and used as an analog to partitions.
    I plan to use Archboot to install, and up to this point have had separate partitions for /root and /home.  In order to mimic this with Btrfs, would I simply create two subvolumes at installation time--one for root to allow for snapshots, and one for my Home folder?  Would these actually be mounted in theoretically the same way as separate partitions?  I like to tinker, and 'till now have just used clonezilla to back-up my /root partition if something went wrong, leaving /home untouched.  Sorry, but I can't figure out how this might be done, as the wiki simply explains how to create a new subvolume in a certain location and mount it manually (since it isn't a new filesystem, it doesn't need an fstab entry); and how to delete a subvolume.  It also seems that the examples used in the Btrfs wiki are for an external device, which just seems to obfuscate things.  I'd really appreciate the help of someone experienced in this or a point in the right direction, though I suppose I could also just create two separate Btrfs partitions if I can't figure it out.  Thanks.

    So as I write this, I think I may have found a solution to the first question, and have a functional system.  I used Archboot to install this setup:
    $ btrfs sub li /
    ID 256 top level 5 path root
    ID 257 top level 5 path home
    Which, when viewed from a LiveCD, looks essentially like this:
    __actual root__
    |__subvbolume "root"
    |__subvolume "home"
    Each of these is mounted via fstab in the respective part of the file system--or at least it seems so:
    #/etc/fstab: static file system information
    # <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
    devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0
    shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0
    # DEVICE DETAILS: /dev/sda1 UUID=28a77746-673e-482c-b037-3eea590c0b14 LABEL=Boot
    # DEVICE DETAILS: /dev/sda2 UUID=7caf3bbf-0d2c-4961-8693-962ebc365f20 LABEL=Arch
    # DEVICE DETAILS: /dev/sda2 UUID=7caf3bbf-0d2c-4961-8693-962ebc365f20 LABEL=Arch
    # DEVICE DETAILS: /dev/sda3 UUID=f6e8ba7e-0cae-429d-9a2b-e4bdf5d8be7d LABEL=Swap
    LABEL=Arch / btrfs defaults,subvol=root,compress 0 1
    LABEL=Arch /home btrfs defaults,subvol=home,compress 0 1
    LABEL=Boot /boot ext2 defaults 0 1
    LABEL=Swap swap swap defaults 0 0
    This results in a seemingly ordinary filesystem when I'm logged into my desktop:
    ├── bin
    ├── boot
    ├── dev
    ├── etc
    ├── home
    ├── lib
    ├── lib64
    ├── media
    ├── mnt
    ├── opt
    ├── proc
    ├── root
    ├── sbin
    ├── srv
    ├── sys
    ├── tmp
    ├── usr
    └── var
    /home
    └── anoknusa
    ├── ABS
    ├── Desktop
    ├── Documents
    ├── Downloads
    ├── Music
    ├── Pictures
    ├── pkglist
    ├── Stuff
    ├── Torrents
    └── Videos
    So, at this juncture I have what appear to be two separate snapshots mounted at separate points in order to create a single filesystem, just as I would had I mounted to separate partitions, and I'm left only wondering about the second question.
    I'm still not entirely clear whether this will give me the desired effect.  Each subvolume rests at the same level of the fs tree; they're side-by-side, rather than having the "home" subvolume under the "root" subvolume.  Again, what I'm hoping for is the ability to take snapshots of "root" and "home" separately--as one would with separate partitions--so that taking a snapshot of "root" won't end up with my entire drive under it, and I can tinker without worrying about whether or not I'll have to spend two hours restoring a snapshot every few days.  I'm not sure if this would work while both snapshots are mounted, so I'm planning on testing this once my backups are done copying to my ~/  folder (I'm really no good when it comes to visualizing this sort of thing, and need to either see it in action or be told that it's gonna work by someone who's done this before). Hopefully, this works out as planned.  Any more advice from anyone would be greatly appreciated; thanks again.

  • Using BTRFS subvolumes to host multiple linux distributions

    I'm planning to use BTRFS subvolumes to have an Archlinux and an Ubuntu system booting off the same partition. The goal is to to have them both using the same disk space, mostly because I dislike having to resize partitions to make room for  one or the other. Also my system has been way too stable lately and I have to break it.
    Has anyone tried something like this before? Any gotchas I should be aware of? AFAIK what I'll need to do is use debootstrap to setup ubuntu in a subvolume, copy the ubuntu kernel/initrd over to my /boot, and setup grub2 to boot the ubuntu subvolume (line after root= would be ro,subvol=altroot I think)
    If it works I'll be sure to post the success here.

    correnos wrote:
    I'm planning to use BTRFS subvolumes to have an Archlinux and an Ubuntu system booting off the same partition. The goal is to to have them both using the same disk space, mostly because I dislike having to resize partitions to make room for  one or the other. Also my system has been way too stable lately and I have to break it.
    Has anyone tried something like this before? Any gotchas I should be aware of? AFAIK what I'll need to do is use debootstrap to setup ubuntu in a subvolume, copy the ubuntu kernel/initrd over to my /boot, and setup grub2 to boot the ubuntu subvolume (line after root= would be ro,subvol=altroot I think)
    If it works I'll be sure to post the success here.
    it should be possible, though the subvol=XXX is not correct.  in the arch initramfs scripts:
    rootflags=subvol=XXX
    is used to add mount options to the root mount; "ro" is a special case and is handled explicitly.  i'm not sure how ubuntu handles this, but the kernel itself has nothing to do with it... is all initramfs, so you will have to look into that for ubuntu.
    beyond that, just make sure the kernels and initramfs names do not conflict.
    C Anthony

  • Change default btrfs subvolume - GRUB problem

    grub-mkconfig  creates a grub.cfg with this kernel command line:
    linux /vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=88e4e9db-0d5d-4055-bb36-6c4bc3454cb3 rw rootflags=subvol=SB0 quiet video=hyperv_fb:1920x1080
    my problem lies in rootflags=subvol=SB0 where is named a specific btrfs subvolume.
    I would like no subvolume be specified in grub.cfg so that the default one will be mounted as root filesystem.
    The reason is I have arch installed into btrfs subvols and I would like to choose which arch variant to boot simply changing default subvol.
    (I've used the installation tips found at http://www.funtoo.org/BTRFS_Fun )
    This is btrfs root :
    ~/bin > mount /dev/sda2 -o subvolid=0 /mnt
    ~/bin > btrfs filesys show /mnt
    Label: none uuid: 88e4e9db-0d5d-4055-bb36-6c4bc3454cb3
    Total devices 1 FS bytes used 3.47GiB
    devid 1 size 126.81GiB used 6.04GiB path /dev/sda2
    btrfs-progs v3.19.1
    /etc/fstab :
    ~/bin > cat /etc/fstab
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    # /dev/sda1
    UUID=df2d9bbc-ab0a-42a5-96ae-7c90f0c15a0e /boot ext3 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 2
    These are the subvolumes:
    ~/bin > btrfs subvol list /mnt
    ID 260 gen 5129 top level 5 path SB0
    ID 264 gen 4975 top level 260 path SB0/var/lib/machines
    ID 265 gen 5092 top level 5 path SB1
    SB1 is a snapshot of SB0 and both contain an arch installation
    SB1 is default one:
    ~/bin > btrfs subvol get-default /mnt
    ID 265 gen 5092 top level 5 path SB1
    but if I run grub-mkconfig it picks up SB0, in my opinion the wrong one.
    Please note that SB0 is currently mounted as system root:
    ~/bin > findmnt -o SOURCE,TARGET,FSTYPE,FSROOT /
    SOURCE TARGET FSTYPE FSROOT
    /dev/sda2[/SB0] / btrfs /SB0
    Is it possible to tell to grub-mkconfig to not name any specific subvol ?
    If you look into: /etc/grub.d/10_linux
    and search for "btrfs"  it may give an hint, but I don't understand it.
    many thanks in advance
    Andrea
    EDIT: of course, if I change kernel command line by hand (:s/SB0/SB1) it works as expected, but it's not I'm looking for, being grub.cfg an automatically generated file.
    Last edited by Aklo (2015-04-28 11:11:56)

    I don't use GRUB anymore, but I don't recall it requiring a specified subvolume to boot, however if you've installed to a specific subvolume (SB0 in your case), then you will need to to tell GRUB where to look more specifically than just the device and partition (/dev/sda2).
    What might accomplish what you're asking for is to set up seaparate boot entries for the respective subvolumes / installation variants.  Basically manually add another "menuentry" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg and change the subvolume specified:
    /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    menuentry "Arch Linux - SB0" {
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda2 rootflags=subvol=SB0
    menuentry "Arch Linux - SB1" {
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda2 rootflags=subvol=SB1
    You'd need to fiddle with /etc/fstab a then since I'm pretty sure something would freak out if you tried to mount two subvolumes to / at the same time (e.g., duplicate entries with different subvolumes specified).  A much simpler solution would be separate root partitions with shared /boot and /home partitions.  Like so (subvolumes would even be optional):
    /dev/sda1 ext3 /boot
    /dev/sda2 btrfs / *"menuentry" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg > title "Arch Linux - SB0"
    /dev/sda3 btrfs / *"menuentry" in /boot/grub/grub.cfg > title "Arch Linux - SB1"
    /dev/sda4 btrfs /home
    Basically you have two separate installations, which is what it sounds like you're asking for that can be selected at boot time and share a /home partition.  The fstabs in each root would only differ at the / partition entry.

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  • How to mount USB & CDROM drives from single user mode - Solaris boot disk?

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            Connected Device: PHILIPS  DVD+-RW DVD8801  AD21
            Device Type: DVD Reader/WriterHowever, I was disappointed that "iostat -En" has not found the secondary disk (1 TB) even though it was available earlier, for Solaris installation as the only disk on the same system.
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    Edited by: 797805 on 9/06/2012 04:15

  • How to mount USB Flash Drive

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    noondaywitch
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    The pop up windows simply clutter up the desktop, and if they are closed, then the share is closed too, and then there is a manual process of having to use the very tedious command+k or go connect to server method to connect again.
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    Look at iOS Troubleshooting Wi-Fi networks and connections  http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1398
    iPad: Issues connecting to Wi-Fi networks  http://support.apple.com/kb/ts3304
    iOS: Recommended settings for Wi-Fi routers and access points  http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4199
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    http://appletoolbox.com/2010/04/ipad-wi-fi-problems-comprehensive-list-of-fixes/
    Fix iPad Wifi Connection and Signal Issues  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwWtIG5jUxE
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    If any of the above solutions work, please post back what solved your problem. It will help others with the same problem.
     Cheers, Tom

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