In FM tables And Changing r bu default Pass by value or ref

hi friends ,
In Function Module Tables And Changing are by default Pass by value or reference.
with regards.

hi all,
i got the answer from abap in 21 days (page No 591),
changing parameters are passed by value and result.
internal tables are pass by reference.

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Subroutine parameters ..by default pass by value or pass by ref

how parameters pass ? value or ref
if we use changing in both perform and form...will it become CALL BY REF?
Message was edited by:
balaji velpuri

Hi,
The Parameter Interface
The USING and CHANGING additions in the FORM statement define the formal parameters of a subroutine. The sequence of the additions is fixed. Each addition can be followed by a list of any number of formal parameters. When you call a subroutine, you must fill all formal parameters with the values from the actual parameters. At the end of the subroutine, the formal parameters are passed back to the corresponding actual parameters.
Within a subroutine, formal parameters behave like dynamic local data. You can use them in the same way as normal local data objects that you would declare with the DATA statement. They mask global data objects with the same name. The value of the parameters at the start of the subroutine is the value passed from the corresponding actual parameter.
Subroutines can have the following formal parameters:
Parameters Passed by Reference
You list these parameters after USING or CHANGING without the VALUE addition:
FORM <subr> USING ... <pi> [TYPE <t>|LIKE <f>] ...
CHANGING ... <pi> [TYPE <t>|LIKE <f>] ...
The formal parameter occupies no memory of its own. During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual parameter is transferred to the formal parameter. The subroutine works with the field from the calling program. If the value of the formal parameter changes, the contents of the actual parameter in the calling program also change.
For calling by reference, USING and CHANGING are equivalent. For documentation purposes, you should use USING for input parameters which are not changed in the subroutine, and CHANGING for output parameters which are changed in the subroutine.
To avoid the value of an actual parameter being changed automatically, you must pass it by value.
Input Parameters That Pass Values
You list these parameters after USING with the VALUE addition:
FORM <subr> USING ... VALUE(<pi>) [TYPE <t>|LIKE <f>] ...
The formal parameter occupies its own memory space. When you call the subroutine, the value of the actual parameter is passed to the formal parameter. If the value of the formal parameter changes, this has no effect on the actual parameter.
Output Parameters That Pass Values
You list these parameters after CHANGING with the VALUE addition:
FORM <subr> CHANGING ... VALUE(<pi>) [TYPE <t>|LIKE <f>] ...
The formal parameter occupies its own memory space. When you call the subroutine, the value of the actual parameter is passed to the formal parameter. If the subroutine concludes successfully, that is, when the ENDFORM statement occurs, or when the subroutine is terminated through a CHECK or EXIT statement, the current value of the formal parameter is copied into the actual parameter.
If the subroutine terminates prematurely due to an error message, no value is passed. It only makes sense to terminate a subroutine through an error message in the PAI processing of a screen, that is, in a PAI module, in the AT SELECTION-SCREEN event, or after an interactive list event.
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PROGRAM zdynfieldcat.
Simple test of dynamic ITAB with user defined (not ddic) fields
Build dynamic fcat
use ALV grid to display and edit.
*When edit mode set to 1 toolbar gives possibility of adding and
*deleting rows.
*Define subclass of cl_gui_alv_grid so we can use protected attributes
*and methods.
Add event handler to intercept user entering data and pressing the
*ENTER key.
When enter key is pressed get actual value of NEW table (all rows)
rather than just the changed data.
*use new RTTI functionality to retrieve internal table structure
*details.
Create a blank screen 100 with a custom container called CCONTAINER1.
James Hawthorne
include <icon>.
define any old internal structure NOT in DDIC
types: begin of s_elements,
 anyfield1(20) type c,
 anyfield2(20) type c,
 anyfield3(20) type c,
 anyfield4(20) type c,
 anyfield5(11) type n,
 end of s_elements.
types: lt_rows type lvc_t_roid.
Note new RTTI functionality allows field detail retrieval
at runtime for dynamic tables.
data: wa_element type s_elements ,
 wa_data type s_elements,
 c_index type sy-index,
 c_dec2 type s_elements-anyfield5,
 wa_it_fldcat type lvc_s_fcat,
 it_fldcat type lvc_t_fcat,
 lr_rtti_struc TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr, "RTTI
 lt_comp TYPE cl_abap_structdescr=>component_table,"RTTI
 ls_comp LIKE LINE OF lt_comp, "RTTI
 zog like line of lr_rtti_struc->components, "RTTI
 struct_grid_lset type lvc_s_layo,
 l_valid type c,
 new_table type ref to data.
field-symbols: <dyn_table> type standard table,
 <actual_tab> type standard table,
 <fs1> type ANY,
 <FS2> TYPE TABLE.
data: grid_container1 type ref to cl_gui_custom_container.
class lcl_grid_event_receiver definition deferred.
data: g_event_receiver type ref to lcl_grid_event_receiver.
data: ls_modcell type LVC_S_MODI,
 stab type ref to data,
 sdog type s_elements. .
class lcl_grid_event_receiver definition.
public section.
 methods:
 handle_data_changed
 for event data_changed of cl_gui_alv_grid
 importing er_data_changed,
 toolbar for event toolbar of cl_gui_alv_grid
 importing e_object
 e_interactive,
 user_command for event user_command of cl_gui_alv_grid
 importing e_ucomm.
endclass.
*implementation of Grid event-handler class
class lcl_grid_event_receiver implementation.
method handle_data_changed.
code whatever required after data entry.
various possibilites here as you can get back Cell(s) changed
columns or the entire updated table.
Data validation is also possible here.
perform check_data using er_data_changed.
endmethod.
Method for handling all creation/modification calls to the toolbar
method toolbar.
 data : ls_toolbar type stb_button.
Define Custom Button in the toolbar
 clear ls_toolbar.
 move 0 to ls_toolbar-butn_type.
 move 'EDIT' to ls_toolbar-function.
 move space to ls_toolbar-disabled.
 move 'Edit' to ls_toolbar-text.
 move icon_change_text to ls_toolbar-icon.
 move 'Click2Edit' to ls_toolbar-quickinfo.
 append ls_toolbar to e_object->mt_toolbar.
 clear ls_toolbar.
 move 0 to ls_toolbar-butn_type.
 move 'UPDA' to ls_toolbar-function.
 move space to ls_toolbar-disabled.
 move 'Update' to ls_toolbar-text.
 move icon_system_save to ls_toolbar-icon.
 move 'Click2Update' to ls_toolbar-quickinfo.
 append ls_toolbar to e_object->mt_toolbar.
 clear ls_toolbar.
 move 0 to ls_toolbar-butn_type.
 move 'EXIT' to ls_toolbar-function.
 move space to ls_toolbar-disabled.
 move 'Exit' to ls_toolbar-text.
 move icon_system_end to ls_toolbar-icon.
 move 'Click2Exit' to ls_toolbar-quickinfo.
 append ls_toolbar to e_object->mt_toolbar.
endmethod.
method user_command.
 case e_ucomm .
 when 'EDIT'. "From Tool bar
 perform set_input.
 perform init_grid.
 when 'UPDA'. "From Tool bar
 perform refresh_disp.
 perform update_table.
 when 'EXIT'. "From Tool bar
 leave program.
 endcase.
endmethod.
endclass.
class zcltest definition inheriting from cl_gui_alv_grid.
define this as a subclass so we can access the protected attributes
of the superclass cl_gui_alv_grid
public section.
methods: constructor, disp_tab.
endclass.
need this now to instantiate object
as we are using subclass rather than the main cl_gui_alv_grid.
class zcltest implementation.
METHOD constructor.
CALL METHOD super->constructor
 exporting i_appl_events = 'X'
 i_parent = grid_container1.
endmethod.
method disp_tab.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <outtab> TYPE STANDARD TABLE.
break-point 1.
mt_outtab is the data table held as a protected attribute
in class cl_gui_alv_grid.
ASSIGN me->mt_outtab->* TO <outtab>. "Original data
do whatever you want with <outtab>
contains data BEFORE changes each time.
Note that NEW (Changed) table has been obtained already by
call to form check_data USING P_ER_DATA_CHANGED
 TYPE REF TO CL_ALV_CHANGED_DATA_PROTOCOL.
Entered data is in table defined by <fs2>
In this method you can compare original and changed data.
Easier than messing around with individual cells.
do what you want with data in <fs2> validate / update / merge etc
endmethod.
endclass.
data :
 ok_code like sy-ucomm,
 save_ok like sy-ucomm,
 i4 type int4,
Container Object [grid_container]
now created via method constructor
in the subclass zcltest.
Control Object [grid]
grid1 type ref to zcltest,
Event-Handler Object [grid_handler]
grid_handler type ref to lcl_grid_event_receiver.
start-of-selection.
call screen 100.
module status_0100 output.
now display it as grid
if grid_container1 is initial.
 create object grid_container1
 exporting
 container_name = 'CCONTAINER1'.
 create object grid1.
 break-point 1.
 create object grid_handler.
 set handler:
 grid_handler->user_command for grid1,
 grid_handler->toolbar for grid1,
 grid_handler->handle_data_changed for grid1.
perform create_dynamic_fcat.
perform create_dynamic_itab.
perform populate_dynamic_itab.
perform init_grid.
perform register_enter_event.
set off ready for input initially
i4 = 0.
call method grid1->set_ready_for_input
 exporting
 i_ready_for_input = i4.
endif.
endmodule.
module user_command_0100 input.
*PAI not needed in OO ALV anymore as User Commands are handled as events
*in method user_command.
*we can also get control if the Data entered and the ENTER is pressed by
*raising an event.
Control then returns to method handle_data_changed.
endmodule.
form create_dynamic_fcat.
get structure of our user table for building field catalog
Use the RTTI functionality
lr_rtti_struc ?= cl_abap_structdescr=>describe_by_data( wa_data ).
Build field catalog just use basic data here
colour specific columns as well
loop at lr_rtti_struc->components into zog.
c_index = c_index + 1.
clear wa_it_fldcat.
wa_it_fldcat-fieldname = zog-name .
wa_it_fldcat-datatype = zog-type_kind.
wa_it_fldcat-inttype = zog-type_kind.
wa_it_fldcat-intlen = zog-length.
wa_it_fldcat-decimals = zog-decimals.
wa_it_fldcat-lowercase = 'X'.
if c_index eq 2.
wa_it_fldcat-emphasize = 'C411'.
 endif.
 if c_index eq 3.
wa_it_fldcat-emphasize = 'C511'.
 endif.
append wa_it_fldcat to it_fldcat .
endloop.
endform.
form create_dynamic_itab.
Create dynamic internal table and assign to field sysmbol.
Use dynamic field catalog just built.
call method cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
 exporting
 it_fieldcatalog = it_fldcat
 importing
 ep_table = new_table.
assign new_table->* to <dyn_table>.
endform.
form populate_dynamic_itab.
load up a line of the dynamic table
c_dec2 = c_dec2 + 11.
wa_element-anyfield1 = 'Tabbies'.
wa_element-anyfield2 = 'ger.shepards'.
wa_element-anyfield3 = 'White mice'.
wa_element-anyfield4 = 'Any old text'.
wa_element-anyfield5 = c_dec2.
append wa_element to <dyn_table>.
endform.
form check_data USING P_ER_DATA_CHANGED
 TYPE REF TO CL_ALV_CHANGED_DATA_PROTOCOL.
Get altered data back
ASSIGN p_er_data_changed->mp_mod_rows TO <FS1>.
stab = p_er_data_changed->mp_mod_rows.
ASSIGN STAB->* TO <FS2>.
LOOP AT <FS2> INTO sdog.
ALV grid display with altered data is now in <fs2>.
do any extra processing you want here
endloop.
now display new table
call method grid1->disp_tab.
endform.
form exit_program.
call method grid_container1->free.
call method cl_gui_cfw=>flush.
leave program.
endform.
form refresh_disp.
call method grid1->refresh_table_display.
endform.
form update_table.
The dynamic table here is the changed table read from the grid
after user has changed it
Data can be saved to DB or whatever.
loop at <dyn_table> into wa_element.
do what you want with the data here
endloop.
switch off edit mode again for next function
i4 = 0.
call method grid1->set_ready_for_input
 exporting
 i_ready_for_input = i4.
endform.
form set_input.
i4 = 1.
call method grid1->set_ready_for_input
 exporting
 i_ready_for_input = i4.
endform.
form switch_input.
if i4 = 1.
i4 = 0.
else.
i4 = 1.
endif.
call method grid1->set_ready_for_input
 exporting
 i_ready_for_input = i4.
endform.
form init_grid.
Enabling the grid to edit mode,
 struct_grid_lset-edit = 'X'. "To enable editing in ALV
 struct_grid_lset-grid_title = 'Jimbos Test'.
 call method grid1->set_table_for_first_display
 exporting
 is_layout = struct_grid_lset
 changing
 it_outtab = <dyn_table>
 it_fieldcatalog = it_fldcat.
endform.
form register_enter_event.
call method grid1->register_edit_event
 exporting
 i_event_id = cl_gui_alv_grid=>mc_evt_enter.
Instantiate the event or it won't work.
create object g_event_receiver.
set handler g_event_receiver->handle_data_changed for grid1.
endform.

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hi,
while defining subroutines, what is the exact difference between Using and Changing?
when we pass by reference we can use both and while passing using value we can use both + Value (VAR).
Then what is the exact difference between two?
Also, what is formal parameter?q
Moderator message - Please do not ask or answer basic questions - thread locked
Edited by: Rob Burbank on Dec 14, 2009 3:31 PM

Hi C`hinmay,
When a subroutine is called with "USING" you can make use of the value inside your subroutine but you cannot change the value. With CHANGING you can CHANGE the value too. Formal parameter is the PARAMETER NAME used while defining the interface of a Subroutine.
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geters...
setters...
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[TopLink Fine]: 2007.06.07 04:20:24.636--ServerSession(9017297)--Connection(17227669)--Thread(Thread[http-8080-1,5,main])--SELECT ID, NAME, PASSWORD, STATUS FROM jpaTABLE.USER WHERE ((NAME = ?) AND (PASSWORD = ?))
     bind => [abc, 123]
[TopLink Warning]: 2007.06.07 04:20:24.682--UnitOfWork(14633980)--Thread(Thread[http-8080-1,5,main])--Local Exception Stack:
Exception [TOPLINK-4002] (Oracle TopLink Essentials - 2.0 (Build b49-beta3 (05/31/2007))): oracle.toplink.essentials.exceptions.DatabaseException
Internal Exception: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'jpaTABLE.USER' doesn't exist
Error Code: 1146
Call: SELECT ID, NAME, PASSWORD, STATUS FROM jpaTABLE.USER WHERE ((NAME = ?) AND (PASSWORD = ?))
     bind => [abc, 123]

Interactively changing values to table problem: indicator and control table, and why it does not work after a while...?

I have been producing a VI that loads a set of data and displays it in a table: A table control is initialised with an empty variable, the loaded data takes the place of the variable and fills the table, while some headers are added. That table feeds an intensity graph to give a pictorial impression of the data.
With this scheme, a user can change any value of the table, and the changes are interactively reflected on the graph.
Problem: after few saving of the VI, the access to the table doesn't work anymore. It is the same with all my numerical controls in the VI where it should be possible to enter a value.
If anybody has an idea on the potential
causes of these problem, I would be really grateful as it is very useful...when it works !
Regards,
Elie Allouis

I can not image what is causing the error. Would you be willing to post some code to see if we can reproduce the problem?
Jeremy7

How do I change font and colors back to default?

I have changed the font and color of the text through the tools button and the options button and the content tab. I find nothing telling me how to change the font and colors back to default font and colors. Can you advise me? I'm using Windows 7 Home Premium OS. Thanks.

Hi Brenda19605,
You can use this article to set the fonts and colors: https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/change-fonts-and-colors-websites-use?esab=a&s=font&r=0&as=s
The default settings for the font are in this article:
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Some%20text%20shows%20up%20bold%20after%20upgrade
Unfortunately for the default colors has no good reference. But for text it is black (most lower left) color, background is white (most upper left color). Unvisited links is blue (column 8, row 5) and visited link is purple (column 9, row 5).
Let me know if you need anymore help!
Lordfreak

In FM tables And Changing r bu default Pass by value or ref

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