JMS: simple program (urgent please)

Question

I am quite new with the JMS. I am trying to have a simple program running in order to start from it towards the application I want to build.
I tried to run the sample program below:
package chat;
import javax.jms.*;
import javax.naming.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Chat implements javax.jms.MessageListener {
private TopicSession pubSession;
private TopicSession subSession;
private TopicPublisher publisher;
private TopicConnection connection;
/* Constructor. Establish JMS publisher and subscriber */
public Chat() throws Exception {
// Obtain a JNDI connection
Properties env = new Properties();
// ... specify the JNDI properties specific to the vendor
InitialContext jndi = new InitialContext(env);
// Look up a JMS connection factory
TopicConnectionFactory conFactory =
(TopicConnectionFactory) jndi.lookup("TopicConnectionFactory");
// Create a JMS connection
TopicConnection connection =
conFactory.createTopicConnection();
// Create two JMS session objects
TopicSession pubSession =
connection.createTopicSession(false,
Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
TopicSession subSession =
connection.createTopicSession(false,
Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
// Look up a JMS topic
Topic chatTopic = (Topic) jndi.lookup("anytopic");
// Create a JMS publisher and subscriber
TopicPublisher publisher =
pubSession.createPublisher(chatTopic);
TopicSubscriber subscriber =
subSession.createSubscriber(chatTopic);
// Set a JMS message listener
subscriber.setMessageListener(this);
// Intialize the Chat application
set(connection, pubSession, subSession, publisher);
// Start the JMS connection; allows messages to be delivered
connection.start();
/* Initialize the instance variables */
public void set(TopicConnection con, TopicSession pubSess,
TopicSession subSess, TopicPublisher pub) {
this.connection = con;
this.pubSession = pubSess;
this.subSession = subSess;
this.publisher = pub;
/* Receive message from topic subscriber */
public void onMessage(Message message) {
try {
TextMessage textMessage = (TextMessage) message;
String text = textMessage.getText();
System.out.println(text);
} catch (JMSException jmse) {
jmse.printStackTrace();
/* Create and send message using topic publisher */
protected void writeMessage(String text) throws JMSException {
TextMessage message = pubSession.createTextMessage();
publisher.publish(message);
/* Close the JMS connection */
public void close() throws JMSException {
connection.close();
/* Run the Chat client */
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Chat chat = new Chat();
// Read from command line
BufferedReader commandLine = new
java.io.BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));
// Loop until the word "exit" is typed
while (true) {
String s = commandLine.readLine();
if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) {
chat.close(); // close down connection
System.exit(0); // exit program
} else {
chat.writeMessage(s);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
But at the line
�TopicConnectionFactory conFactory =
(TopicConnectionFactory) jndi.lookup("TopicConnectionFactory");�
I got this exception:
javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in environment or system property, or as an applet parameter, or in an application resource file: java.naming.factory.initial
     at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getInitialContext(NamingManager.java:640)
     at javax.naming.InitialContext.getDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:243)
     at javax.naming.InitialContext.getURLOrDefaultInitCtx(InitialContext.java:280)
     at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:347)
     at chat.Chat.<init>(Chat.java:24)
     at chat.Chat.main(Chat.java:94)
I realize that the problem is in the jndi setup. But, the problem is that I do not know where to go now and what should I do. I do not know how can I get the jndi.properties file and where and how to put it.
Please, kindly advise from your experience. I would appreciate clear steps to have this program running properly. Otherwise, if you do have a sample program that is already running, please provide it to me.

Answer 1

Thank you for your prompt reply.
I tried another example.
package test;
javax.jms.*;
import javax.naming.*;
public class SimpleTopicPublisher { /** * Main method. * * @param args the topic used by the example and, * optionally, the number of messages to send */
public static void main(String[] args) {
String topicName = null;
Context jndiContext = null;
TopicConnectionFactory topicConnectionFactory = null;
TopicConnection topicConnection = null;
TopicSession topicSession = null;
Topic topic = null;
TopicPublisher topicPublisher = null;
TextMessage message = null;
final int NUM_MSGS;
// if ((args.length < 1) || (args.length > 2)) {
// System.out.println("Usage: java " + "SimpleTopicPublisher " + "[]");
// System.exit(1);
topicName = new String("MyTopic");
System.out.println("Topic name is " + topicName);
if (args.length == 2) {
NUM_MSGS = (new Integer(args[1])).intValue();
} else {
NUM_MSGS = 1;
/* * Create a JNDI API InitialContext object if none exists * yet. */
try {
jndiContext = new InitialContext
} catch (NamingException e) {
System.out.println("Could not create JNDI API " + "context: " +
e.toString());
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
/* * Look up connection factory and topic. If either does * not exist, exit. */
try {
topicConnectionFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) jndiContext.
lookup("TopicConnectionFactory");
topic = (Topic) jndiContext.lookup(topicName);
} catch (NamingException e) {
System.out.println("JNDI API lookup failed: " + e.toString());
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
/* * Create connection. * Create session from connection; false means session is * not transacted. * Create publisher and text message. * Send messages, varying text slightly. * Finally, close connection. */
try {
topicConnection = topicConnectionFactory.createTopicConnection();
topicSession = topicConnection.createTopicSession(false,
Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
topicPublisher = topicSession.createPublisher(topic);
message = topicSession.createTextMessage();
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MSGS; i++) {
message
.setText("This is message " + (i + 1));
System.out.println("Publishing message: " + message.getText());
topicPublisher.publish(message);
} catch (JMSException e) {
System.out.println("Exception occurred: " + e.toString());
} finally {
if (topicConnection != null) {
try {
topicConnection.close();
} catch (JMSException e) {}
It is mentioned in SUN JMS tutorial that "When you use the J2EE SDK 1.3.1, your JMS provider is the SDK. " So I am using that and I did the follwoing:
--start the J2EE server as follows:
j2ee -verbose
Then I created the adminstrated object:
j2eeadmin -addJmsDestination MyTopic topic
But still getting this error:
javax.naming.NoInitialContextException: Need to specify class name in environment or system property, or as an applet parameter, or in an application resource file: java.naming.factory.initial
So now where is the error?
Thank you in advance