LDP question

Hi, all,
I have a question regarding LDP tunnel LSP which I can't think of a satisfied answer.
Suppose we have two routers connected back to back, but, LDP is not enabled on either router's interface. If I configure EoMPLS in between , a LDP targeted session will be initiated and both prefix-fec and VC-fec mapping will be exchanged. In current IOS image, the l2 vc will not come up because the tunnel LSP is not ready. Now my question is, why do we need to enable LDP on the interface in order to bring up the tunnle LSP? from either router's point of view, it has label mapping to peer's router-id and peer is directly connected, it should just install the label (either implicit-null or explicit null) in its LFIB, and declare LSP is ready, right?
Anybody can please tell me why the router decides not to install the tunnel label?

Hi,
maybe an analogy can help to clarify this: assume you have two routers back to back with no IP address on either interface. Even if you install static routes to each others loopbacks pointing to the connecting interface, no IP forwarding takes place. The reason is, that for IP forwarding to take place a valid IP needs to be configured on the interface enabling this protocol (0x0800).
Similar, "mpls ip" enables the usage and forwarding of MPLS labeled packets (protocol 0x8847) over an interface. Works as designed.
[Edit] From another point of view: this might be seen as a secutrity feature. Assume a MPLS PE connecting through an IP interface to a customer CE. The customer can NOT send labeled packets (DoS), which would then be forwarded, because MPLS is not enabled on the interface.
Hope this helps!
Regards, Martin

Similar Messages

Question about autodiscover in case of multiple bound namespace

Hi Experts,
I have a question about the autodiscover behaviour. Let's assume we have the below infrastructure:
SiteA :
MBX-Server-SiteA : Member of a DAG
CAS-Server-SiteA : outlook anywhere url = siteA.domain.com
SiteB :
MBX-Server-SiteB : Member of a DAG
CAS-Server-SiteB-1 : outlook anywhere url = siteB-1.domain.com
CAS-Server-SiteB-2: outlook anywhere url = siteB-2.domain.com
We have DB-1 and DB-2 that have copies in both MBX servers.
My question is how does exchange select the access URLs to return in the autodiscover process? I know that it depends on where the mailbox is hosted but can't find details about the process in the technet articles.
Thanks.

There's quite a few details that are involved in the Autodiscover process. First of all - probably the most important thing is that there are 2 stages to the whole process.
In the first stage, the client is simply concerned with getting the address of a CAS server that will help it further. We'll keep things simple and assume your scenario where the client is located inside the network and is domain-joined. The details of the
LDAP query are detailed in
this link. (At the time I was investigating this I've actually went ahead and ran the queries using the ldp.exe client against the Configuration partition of the respective AD domain - it's worth seeing the actual responses.) An interesting trick here is
the 'keywords' attribute that's stamped on those SCP entries. The reason behind it is that you don't want a client located in a site to go half across the globe in order to connect to a CAS server, when there's one available in its own site. One simple way
to get the 'keywords' attribute stamped is through the Set-ClientAccessServer cmdlet, using the -AutodiscoverSiteScope parameter. In your example, you'd probably want to run it against the CAS server in Site A and specify the name of the corresponding AD site
('SiteA') and correspondingly against the 2 CAS servers in Site B (using 'SiteB'). Once the client has got the response to his query, it will attempt to select one server that's handling the site he's in (essentially it will filter the results based on 'keywords'
-contains <client-site>). Now that we got our endpoint we can go to stage 2.
In stage 2, the client will actually use EWS in order to query the Autodiscover service itself running on our target server. There are 2 possible interfaces of accessing the Autodiscover service: POX (Plain Old XML) and SOAP. POX will be targeting the ../Autodiscover.xml
URLS, while the SOAP one will be using ../Autodiscover.svc URLs. Details about this including some hardcoded parts are
here. What happens next is detailed in point 3, section 2.1 The Autodiscover Process
here. This last link is the key to the whole process:
"It provides a list of CAS that has AutodiscoverSiteScope information set for the
Associated AD site of the Database where the client Mailbox is located."
In other words, the CAS is smart enough to return the URLs belonging to a CAS server in the AD site where the client's mailbox' database is active.
My advice is to test this on your scenario. Tests can be done here first-hand: the Outlook's tray icon Test E-Mail AutoConfiguration can be used or alternatively - if you want to see the details in the communication - SoapUI
for the SOAP access method, for POX there's an extension called 'Postman for Chrome' that can be used. I've used all these in my tests back when I was fighting conflicting results from the articles around the web about Autodiscover.
That's a long way of saying we get the AutoD URL of a CAS server closest to the workstation, which then provides the configuration to use which are the the URLs closest to the mailbox :)
By all means look at the SOAP response, but Outlook will only use POX. Lync does SOAP along with other 3rd party apps.
Cheers,
Rhoderick
Microsoft Senior Exchange PFE
Blog:
http://blogs.technet.com/rmilne
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Note: Posts are provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose.

How traffic is directed in MPLS network? Via ldp LSPs or via RSVP LSPs

My question is basicly to understand how traffic is treated.
Lets assume our topology is :
A-----------------------------B------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------D
1-) if we just enable MPLS under all interfaces, LDP labels are exchanged with each peer. At that moment   RIB, LIB, FIB and LFIB are created on all routers. So LDP LSPs are created dynamicly. but If i ping "loopback D" from router A, there will be IP routing or LABEL switching. will routing make routing by looking IP address at each hop or labels will be swapped at each hop ?
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-Dynamic LDP LSP and
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what about now, Which one of the paths above my traffic will follow ? do I have to direct my traffic to tunnel interface signaled via RSVP. Is there any precedence for choosing the path that traffic will be addressed ?

for second secenario, i have found that I have to write
"tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce " other wise traffic will always follow LDP signaled paths. In order to get all traffic inside "tunnel" we should execute that command. once you write that command you see that ;
Before executing command;
R1#sh ip route
O       3.3.3.3 [110/129] via 3.3.3.3, 00:07:08, serial0/0
R1#show mpls forwarding-table
18     18          3.3.3.3/32        0          Se0/0      point2point
After executing command;
R1#sh ip route
O       3.3.3.3 [110/129] via 3.3.3.3, 00:07:08, Tunnel0
R1#show mpls forwarding-table
18     Pop tag [T] 3.3.3.3/32        0          Tu0        point2point
Hope you see my point, router doesnt decide to use RSVP signaled LSP itself, we shoud trig router to use RSVP signalled LSP.

[OSPF/LDP/PW Fast convergence] ASR9k/ME3800/ME3600

Hello, Netpro:
I'm having a bit of a problem with OSPF/LDP Pseudowire fast convergence.
I have a test lab scenario with 2 ASR9000, 1 ME3800X and 1 ME3600X.
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| |
|--------------------------------[d]-----------------------|
The MEs are connected back to back closing the loop.
The ring is configured for: OSPF fast convergence timers, LDP session protection, MPLS LDP sync and BFP for OSPF on all interfaces.
For testing purposes I've configured a pseudowire between the MEs and forced the path via OSPF to go through the ASRs.
My problem is that I do not get the same responses when breaking the ring in different places. For example: if I break the ring in (b) or (d) i get ~100ms loss (when breaking the d connection, I change OSPF so that the PW takes the direct route between MEs). If I break the ring in (a) or ( c ) I get ~ 500ms loss.
Also for testing purposes, I ran a similar test but with regular L3 interfaces ( NO pseudowire) between MEs and for all scenarios i get 60-100ms. So, basically I'm assuming OSPF is converging like it's supposed to and the issue is within LDP.
Any ideas?
Regards,
c.

Yes, I did test traffic engineering, but there's a bug (on 3600/3800) that when a PW changes paths, it will stop passing traffic, so that part is stuck.
Is there an OSPF problem with ASR? I didn't understand very well your comment
My description of my scenario is just for simplicity purposes. The real question here is, what is going on between an IOS box and an XR box that when you cause a fault in between those 2, LDP recovers in 500ms and when you cause a fault in same-OS boxes, recovery is 100ms.

CR-LDP supported Platforms

Does Cisco support the CR-LDP? If yes, does anyone knows if it is supported on 7600 sup720 3bxl?

My understanding is that CR-LDP is pretty much dead. IETF has made a choice in favor of RSVP. Therefore I doubt that Cisco or any other vendor would invest in a protocol that IETF has decided to drop. For more information, please refer to RFC3468.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3468.txt?number=3468
Let me know if I answered your question,

Ldp concepts

Hi,
Im just starting to work on MPLS and I have a few questions about LDP and MPLS VPNs. Hopefully some expert out there can show me if my thinking is correct.
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thanks
Mark

Hello Giuseppe and Mark,
Regarding the RD: everything is exactly as Giuseppe has explained. Personally, when I am asked about why do we need both RD and RT, I need to talk a little about BGP itself.
The BGP is used to convey routing information from multiple VRFs between PE routers. However, originally, it was not designed for this application, and without additional "tricks", it would not be able to do this job. One particular problem is that when it needs to advertise an update to a route that already exists, it just sends it anew - the network, its mask and its attributes. The recipient of this message will replace the old information about this network with the new information.
Now, imagine two VRFs, one with RT 1:1, the second with RT 1:2, both containing the same network 192.0.2.0/24. The RT is a BGP attribute - a property of a network but not its identifier or a part of its address. Now image what would happen if the router advertised the contents from these VRFs to a peer. Say that first, the 192.0.2.0/24 with the RT 1:1 would be advertised. The peer would receive this network and import it to his VRF with the RT 1:1 import target. Then, the 192.0.2.0/24 with the RT 1:2 would be advertised. Now, the peer would receive this advertisement and it would think that this is an update of the previous advertisement - the network and the mask are the same, just the RT attribute has changed from 1:1 to 1:2. So it would remove the network 192.0.2.0/24 from the first VRF and move it to the second VRF with the RT 1:2 import target. In essence, the network would jump from one VRF to another, although it should be in both VRFs because despite looking identical, these two VRFs are totally separate address spaces.
This problem is remedied using the RD. The RD acts like an address extension within BGP messages so that identically numbered networks from various VRFs do not look identical in the BGP communication. If I get back to my example and assign the RD 1:1 to the first VRF and RD 1:2 to the second VRF, I have solved the BGP deficiency: the network from the first VRF will be announced as network 1:1:192.0.2.0/24, the network from the second VRF will be announced as 1:2:192.0.2.0/24, thereby maintaining their distinctiveness and not looking like one updates the other. Speaking more technically, there is a new address family format introduced for BGP that combines the RD and the IPv4 address into a single 96-bit network address.
The RD is simply a hack - a trick - a workaround for BGP. It defines a prefix for all networks within a particular VRF so that identically numbered networks from different VRFs look differently in BGP messages. However, this prefix is used only in BGP communication and only between pairwise between two BGP peers. The actual sorting of received networks among receiver's VRFs is always done by RT attribute, never by RD. The RD is actually not even used by the BGP receiver other than to see that "this network looks differently in its 64-bit prefix (the RD) than this one".
Best regards,
Peter

LDP on MPLS VPN?

I have an MPLS VPN configured between two PEs. I haven't enabled LDP, but when i do ' show mpls ldp binding' i see some label binding info.
Does LDP get enabled automatically when i configure L3VPN or what does it do?
thanks
Gopal.

If you do a "show ip cef" for the egress PE loopback address and the egress interface is a tunnel then you are definitely using RSVP.
In the case of MPLS VPN, when a packet is received from the MPLS cloud, the outer label will already be stripped by the P router (Penultimate Hop Popping) as you mentioned. The egress PE will lookup the inner label in the LFIB (not the LIB) and forward the packet to the proper VRF interface.
The LIB is actually not used to forward packets but rather as input, along with the FIB, to create the LFIB.
Here's a summary of what forwarding table is used per device:
ingress PE: FIB
P router(s): LFIB
egress PE: FIB (in the case there is no inner label) and LFIB (in the case there is a inner label)
Let me know if I answered your questions,

Questions on Print Quote report

Hi,
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-PC

1) We have a requirement to customize the Print Quote report. I searched these forums and found that this report can be defined either as a XML Publisher report or an Oracle Reports report depending on a profile option. Can you please let me know what the name of the profile option is?
I think I posted it in one of the threads2) When I select the 'Print Quote' option from the Actions drop down in the quoting page and click Submit I get the report printed and see the following URL in my browser.
http://<host>:<port>/dev60cgi/rwcgi60?PROJ03_APPS+report=/proj3/app/appltop/aso/11.5.0/reports/US/ASOPQTEL.rdf+DESTYPE=CACHE+P_TCK_ID=23731428+P_EXECUTABLE=N+P_SHOW_CHARGES=N+P_SHOW_CATG_TOT=N+P_SHOW_PRICE_ADJ=Y+P_SESSION_ID=c-RAuP8LOvdnv30grRzKqUQs:S+P_SHOW_HDR_ATTACH=N+P_SHOW_LINE_ATTACH=N+P_SHOW_HDR_SALESUPP=N+P_SHOW_LN_SALESUPP=N+TOLERANCE=0+DESFORMAT=RTF+DESNAME=Quote.rtf
Does it mean that the profile in our case is set to call the rdf since it has reference to ASOPQTEL.rdf in the above url?
Yes, your understanding is correct.3) When you click on submit button do we have something like this in the jsp code: On click call ASOPQTEL.rdf. Is the report called using a concurrent program? I want to know how the report is getting invoked?
No, there is no conc program getting called, you can directly call a report in a browser window, Oracle reports server will execute the report and send the HTTP response to the browser.4) If we want to customize the jsp pages can you please let me know the steps involved in making the customizations and testing them.
This is detailed in many threads.Thanks
Tapash

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HI EVERYBODY
I have these overheating problems with my laptop Satellite P300D-10v.
I did everything I could do to fix it without any success..
I get the latest update of the bios from Toshiba. I cleaned my lap with compressed air first and then disassembled it all and cleaned it better.(it was really clean insight though...)
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chears
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Hi
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The warranty should cover every reparation or replacement.
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I think this should be clear for you that you can lose the warrany if you disasemble the laptop!
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code]
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 %>
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Hello, i have a basic question. if i have defined 2 fields in a cube or a dso:
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thanks

Hi Vik,
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Hi, I have a mid 2010 15" MacBook Pro 2.4GHz i5.
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Message was edited by: Fresh J

Fresh J:
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A2. Your machine has NOT shut down; it has done exactly what it was supposed to do. When the power became critically low, it first wrote the contents of RAM to the hard drive, then went to sleep. When the battery was completely drained some time later, the MBP went into hibernation and the slepp light stopped pulsing and turned off. In that state the machine was using no power at all, but the contents of your RAM were still saved. Once the AC adapter was connected, a press of the power button would cause those contents to be reloaded, and the machine would pick up again exactly where you left off. It is not necessary to wait for the battery to be fully charged before using the machine on AC power, but do leave the AC adapter connected for at least two hours after the battery is fully charged. Nothing that you say you've done was wrong, and nothing that you say has happened was wrong.
A3. No, it does not matter.

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We have both a Meeting Center and Connect account under WebEx using Loose Coupled Integration. Just this past week I enabled SAML for our Meeting Center accounts which went off without a hitch with the exception of Meeting Center integration with Jabber, which is now broken with a message about SSO enabled Meeting Sites not being supported (I think this would maybe be fixed if we had Tight Coupled Integration with our two account?).
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I'd suggest posting your question over on the Jabber Pilot forum, as this forum is specific to Jabber Guest questions:
https://supportforums.cisco.com/community/4551/jabber-pilot-support
-jim

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