Lesson BGP & OSPF path selection in VSS routing environment

Hi, I would like a lesson on how traffic is passed in the following environment:
One 3945 router with interfaces connected to a pair of 4500X switches configured as VSS pair. One link into each of the 4500 running as routed interfaces using separate IP subnets meaning there are two equal cost paths between the router and the 4500X.
We are running a single OSPF area and iBGP between the devices. 
I would like to find out, in normal circumstances where both equal cost links are operating normally, how the 4500 selects the path to send a packet to the router.  We would be trying to avoid traffic passing through the VSL but want to know if the system is smart enough to do that.
Is there somebody out there who can tell me if the VSS process will select the path directly to the router or if it cannot be guaranteed to do so.
I also would like to get opinions on whether it is best to create two iBGP neighbour relationships on the link addresses or one relationship between the loopback addresses.
Thanks 
LP

Hi,
The OSPF traffic would not pass through the VSL link.  The path would directly go from each 4500 to the 3945 (Equal cost load balancing). I think, the 3900 series supports Etherchannel, if this is the case you can also create a L-3 Portchannel between the VSS and 3945 router.  This way you use one /30 instead of 2 and you still have redundancy.  For BGP, I would do one peering with Loopbacks.
HTH

Similar Messages

  • BGP Path Selection - Favor Oldest Routes

    I've been poking around in a few test routers trying to find where BGP states how long a route has been known from a neighbor. Based on Cisco's BGP path selection article: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html, #10 states BGP prefers the oldest known route. 
    What command shows the amount of time a route has been known via BGP?

    Thanks for your reply, Paul.
    The first command just shows the same timer as the sh ip bgp summary timer. It's just the timer of the neighbor relationship.
    The second command just displays how long the route has been in the routing table. I've tested this and found that when BGP loses a route to a network and then selects a different path that it had known about, the timer resets to 0. Even though it had known about the path for a while, it still resets to 0. 
    So thanks to everyone for your responses, but I'm still looking for some way to see the age of a BGP-learned route.

  • BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm

    How is the administrative distance positioned in the bgp route decision ?
    i.e If a route is learned from iBGP with higher "local prefernece" and eBGP with lower "local prefernece" - which path will be installed in the routing table
    the path learned from eBGP or the path with higer local prefernce ?

    For your scenario the path with the higher local pref will be installed in the routing table althogh its ibgp.
    if a router recieves the same prefix from 2 neighbors 1 from ibgp and the other from ebgp
    the router will compare them with the bgp path selection algorithm
    the one that wins will be installed in the routing table with the admin distance of the kind of route it is so if the ibgp route won the path selection you will see in the routing table the admin distance of 200,if the ebgp route won you'll see 20 in the admin distance.
    so remember the ibgp/ebgp comparision is the 9th in the path selection algorithm so an ibgp route can win the path selection by (local pref weight....)
    and if the ibgp won then you'll see the ibgp admin dstance in your routing tables.

  • ASA: OSPF Path Selection RFC1583 or 2328?

    Hi,
    I've been searching for this information but didn't find anything so far.
    Among other things, with RFC 2328 the way to determine the prefered path has been changed.
    However, per default Cisco IOS platforms still use the RFC 1583 mechanisms for compatibility reasons.
    NX-OS, in contrast, use the RCF 2338 specifications per default.
    The recommendation is to use the same method within an OSPF domain. Otherwise, at the worst, routing loops could occur.
    I know that our routers and multilayer switches run RFC 1583 compatible mode but I'm not sure about our ASAs.
    Can anybody confirm (if possible a reference would be desirable)?
    Thanks,
    Rolf      

    RFC 1583 mode is the default on ASA. You can switch to RFC 2328 with the command "no compatible rfc1583".
    Command Reference
    Configuration Example
    The configuration example states it most clearly - see the notes under the advanced properties figure.

  • Inject BGP Default Routes into Multiple VRF before Best Path Selection

    Hello, 
    I have the following setup:
    Multiple Border Routers with eBGP sessions to external AS. We receive a default route from this multiple AS to keep the Table manageable. We noticed an important part of our traffic was been SW routed instead of CEF when we had the Full Internet table. Router Resources came to the ground when we changed to a default. 
    Now I want to separate this default routes into different VRF. Attached is the Diagram. 
    My question is,  the multiple default route all go into the BGP Table. The BGP table then select the best route and place it on the RIB and then to the FIB. 
    I want to redistribute the different Route on the BGP table prior to the Best path selection algorithm and placed on the RIB. 
    How can I achieve this?

    Hi,
    Redistribution of multiple routes to same prefix is not possible. Even if you have configured BGP multipath and all different bgp routes got installed into routing table, during redistribution only route will be redistributed. 
    Also would like to understand the requirement of redistributing multiple BGP routes in to IGP. As per your diagram, 3 different eBGP sessions are on three different routers, so you can prefer eBGP route over iBGP received from other routers and can distribute eBGP route to IGP from each router. Thus you will have three different default routes in to IGP in core.
    Please don't forget to rate this post if it has been helpful
    - Akash

  • BGP Path Selection

    With reference to cisco's document on BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm (http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html).
    Out of given 9 paths why 6th has been selected even though AS_PATH for 8th route is better.
    Can anyone explains here, as this document has not considered the AS-PATH during path selection and used lowest ROUTER ID only.
    Thanks in advance and expect technical explanation here.

    Hey Buddy
    The AS_PATH for both is only 1, don't get confused by (AS_SET) which only counts as 1 no matter how many AS are in the set.  Refer to section "How the Best Path Algorithm Works"
    4.Prefer the path with the shortest AS_PATH.
    Note: Be aware of these items:
    ◦An AS_SET counts as 1, no matter how many ASs are in the set.
    So bearing the above in mind
    Example: BGP Best Path Selection
    Path6
      (64955 65003) 65089 --- this equals 1
        172.16.254.226 (metric 20645) from 10.57.255.11 (10.57.255.11)
          Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-external, best
          Extended Community: RT:1100:1001
          mpls labels in/out nolabel/362
    !--- BGP selects this as the Best Path on comparing
    !--- with all the other routes and selected based on lower router ID.
    Path8
      (65003) 65089 --- this equals 1
        172.16.254.226 (metric 20645) from 172.16.254.234 (172.16.254.234)
          Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-external
          Extended Community: RT:1100:1001
          mpls labels in/out nolabel/362
    Comparing path 6 with path 8:
     Both paths have reachable next hops
     Both paths have a WEIGHT of 0
     Both paths have a LOCAL_PREF of 100
     Both paths are learned
     Both paths have AS_PATH length 1 --- because the (AS_SET) always equals 1
     Both paths are of origin IGP
     Both paths have the same neighbor AS, 65089, so comparing MED.
     Both paths have a MED of 0
     Both paths are confed-external
     Both paths have an IGP metric to the NEXT_HOP of 20645
    Path 6 is better than path 8 because it has a lower Router-ID.
    Hope it helps (:

  • BGB Best path selection

    Hi,
    Could someone tell me why second path remains as best?
    MPLS_CORE#show ip bgp 192.168.1.0
    BGP routing table entry for 192.168.1.0/24, version 27
    Paths: (2 available, best #2, table default)
      Advertised to update-groups:
         1         
      Refresh Epoch 1
      64513
        2.2.2.1 from 2.2.2.1 (10.201.240.2)
          Origin incomplete, metric 156160, localpref 100, valid, external
          rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0
      Refresh Epoch 1
      64512
        1.1.1.1 from 1.1.1.1 (192.168.4.253)
          Origin incomplete, metric 1415680, localpref 100, valid, external, best
          rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
    Regards
    Michal 

    Hi Michal,
    Please refer below CCO document for BGP best path selection criteria on cisco routers
    http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html
    If everything attribute is same then it comes to router-id and lowest router-id is preferred.
    11. Prefer the route that comes from the BGP router with the lowest router ID.
    The router ID is the highest IP address on the router, with preference given to loopback addresses. Also, you can use the bgp router-id command to manually set the router ID.
    In your case, second route is having lowest router-id (1.1.1.1)
    --Pls dont forget to rate helpful posts--
    Regards,
    Akash

  • OSPF Equal Cost Path Selection

    This is a nerdy enough qeury in reality.
    We have a single area - area 0.0.0.32. All intra-area routes. We have 2 switches in the core of the network, and 10 switches at the edge. All of these switches are connected via layer 3 OSPF routed links.
    The cost for all links is 20 - which is based on bandwidth between the boxes - which is 2Gbps.
    Have a look at the enclosed jpeg to get an idea.
    Very simple.
    Query revolves around the path selection available to OSPF.
    The path from Core 2 to the 10.32.51.0 network is easy - straight across the link between the core switches for a cost of 20.
    Question :- if the link between the cores fail, which path will be chosen by OSPF and why?
    It can go through ANY of the other edge switches for a total cost of 40, but it will choose a particular one. What criteria does OSPF use to select this path?
    Remember, the path costs are equal, they are all intra-area.
    I tried messing with Router ID, but this doesn't seem to be it.
    I tried highest interface IP addresses, but it doesn't seem to be this.
    It is not a random act, the algorithm chooses the same one every time.
    There must be some parameter in the LSDB that is the defining one when it comes to path selection.
    Can you help me out please. I need someone who understands the OSPF algorithm better than I do (which might not be hard!).
    Appreciate any comments for debate.

    Disclaimer
    The  Author of this posting offers the information contained within this  posting without consideration and with the reader's understanding that  there's no implied or expressed suitability or fitness for any purpose.  Information provided is for informational purposes only and should not  be construed as rendering professional advice of any kind. Usage of this  posting's information is solely at reader's own risk.
    Liability Disclaimer
    In  no event shall Author be liable for any damages whatsoever (including,  without limitation, damages for loss of use, data or profit) arising out  of the use or inability to use the posting's information even if Author  has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
    Posting
    My guess (as I haven't re-read the RFC), selection of an ECMP to retain in a routing table (assuming all possible ECMP are not retained) and/or exactly how packets or flows are ECMP routed is implementation dependent.
    I recall years ago bumping into a situation where I had 6 (OSPF) ECMP on a Cisco router which had the (then) default allowance of 4 ECMP in the route table.  I don't recall exactly what the issue was, but whatever it was doing I considered it a bug.  The "fix" was to allow the router to use all 6 ECMP.  (Again, don't remember the specifics, but the issue I saw was more involved than 2 of the 6 ECMPs weren't retained.)

  • Weird BGP path selection problem

    Hi, all,
    I am seeing a weird BGP path selection problem on 4948 switch running cat4500-entservicesk9-mz.122-46.SG.bin code, this switch has two uplinks to the same ISP's different edge router, one circuit is primary the other one is strict backup, only default route is accepted from ISP. I am setting both local preference and weight to the default route advertised over backup link, however neither one is taking effect, BGP still thinks the backup link is better, what could be wrong?
    rtr#sh ip bgp 0.0.0.0/0
    BGP routing table entry for 0.0.0.0/0, version 105
    Paths: (3 available, best #2, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, not advertised to EBGP peer)
      Not advertised to any peer
      17675, (received & used)
        203.169.8.37 from 203.169.8.37 (61.211.160.150)
          Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
          Community: 65001:0 no-export
      17675
        203.169.8.45 from 203.169.8.45 (61.211.160.151)
          Origin IGP, localpref 90, weight 90, valid, external, best <====
          Community: 65001:0 no-export
      17675, (received-only)
        203.169.8.45 from 203.169.8.45 (61.211.160.151)
          Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
          Community: 65001:0 no-export
    Thanks

    Hi,
    On cisco routers , weight is having highest preference to decide best path. By default for received route, weight is 0 but you are setting weight 90 to backup path and that is why it is getting preferred (higher is better). Please remove weight and let local preference be 90 (lesser than route on primary path)
    --Pls dont forget to rate helpful posts--
    Regards,
    Akash

  • Bgp path selection issue

    hi,
    i have the following cli show command output,
    R2#show bgp ipv4 unicast
    BGP table version is 11, local router ID is 192.168.220.252
    Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
                  r RIB-failure, S Stale
    Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
       Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
    * i192.168.30.0     192.168.110.70           0    100      0 63000 i
    *>                  192.168.220.70           0             0 63000 63000 i
    * i192.168.40.0     192.168.110.70           0    100      0 63000 63000 i
    *>                  192.168.220.70           0             0 63000 i
    R2#
    why isn't the route through the shortest AS path not selected as the best route for 192.168.30.0. ?
    thanks,
    uddika

    R2#
    R2#
    R2#show ip bgp 192.168.30.0
    BGP routing table entry for 192.168.30.0/24, version 7
    Paths: (2 available, best #2, table Default-IP-Routing-Table)
      Advertised to update-groups:
         2         
      63000
        192.168.110.70 (inaccessible) from 192.168.111.251 (192.168.111.251)
          Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal
      63000 63000, (received & used)
        192.168.220.70 from 192.168.220.70 (192.168.220.70)
          Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, external, best
    R2#
    R2#
    thanks, i noticed that R2 does not have the route for the next hop, 192.168.110.70.

  • OSPF Improper Path Selection

    This is related to the way the FA is set (to zero or non-zero).
    Have a look here:   http://www.costiser.ro/2013/04/04/quiz-12/

    Disclaimer
    The  Author of this posting offers the information contained within this  posting without consideration and with the reader's understanding that  there's no implied or expressed suitability or fitness for any purpose.  Information provided is for informational purposes only and should not  be construed as rendering professional advice of any kind. Usage of this  posting's information is solely at reader's own risk.
    Liability Disclaimer
    In  no event shall Author be liable for any damages whatsoever (including,  without limitation, damages for loss of use, data or profit) arising out  of the use or inability to use the posting's information even if Author  has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
    Posting
    My guess (as I haven't re-read the RFC), selection of an ECMP to retain in a routing table (assuming all possible ECMP are not retained) and/or exactly how packets or flows are ECMP routed is implementation dependent.
    I recall years ago bumping into a situation where I had 6 (OSPF) ECMP on a Cisco router which had the (then) default allowance of 4 ECMP in the route table.  I don't recall exactly what the issue was, but whatever it was doing I considered it a bug.  The "fix" was to allow the router to use all 6 ECMP.  (Again, don't remember the specifics, but the issue I saw was more involved than 2 of the 6 ECMPs weren't retained.)

  • How to verify multiple paths available to a route in OSPF

    Hello,
    How do I verify multiple paths available to a route in OSPF
    I have three paths available to a route. I can see two equal cost paths shown in the routing table. The third higher metric path doesn't show up in the routing table
    When I disable the two equal cost paths, the third path is visible in the routing table
    Is there a command in ospf or shortest path algorithm, which can show the total number of paths available to a route and why one route is chosen over other
    Thanks,
    Chandru

    Thanks for the reply Reza. Is there a way to find all paths available in the ospf database.
    I just wanted to know the total number of paths available to an route in ospf area

  • Path Selection between 10 gig fiber and microwave

    Hello everyone,
    my network is running OSPF as an IGP, i have a 10 gig Ethernet  fiber connected between two sites and a microwave link as a redundant connection.
    since ospf metric is cost ( or bandwidth ), the 10 gig ethernet connection is always preferred. however, sometimes the 10 gig link is flapping or the bit error rate is bad, is there anyway to change the path selection to go through the microwave when the bit error rate in the 10 gig link is bad or the link flaps ?
    basically can we make the path selection based on anything than the speed or cost ?

    Disclaimer
    The Author of this posting offers the information contained within this posting without consideration and with the reader's understanding that there's no implied or expressed suitability or fitness for any purpose. Information provided is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as rendering professional advice of any kind. Usage of this posting's information is solely at reader's own risk.
    Liability Disclaimer
    In no event shall Author be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of use, data or profit) arising out of the use or inability to use the posting's information even if Author has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
    Posting
    Bandwidth can be a metric to OER/PfR.  Much else can be used by OER/PfR.
    The intent of this technology is sort of described by the names, Optimized Edge Routing (v1) and Performance Routing (v2).
    Both can account for path bandwidth and/or analyze performance.
    Understand typical dynamic routing protocols keep track of paths between source and destination and some have a way to "weight" paths  (for example, OSPF link cost [which by RFC, hasn't nothing to do with bandwidth, but is often based on that]).
    OER/PfR, for example, can run their own SLA tests.
    Years ago, I set up OER in large dual MPLS/VPN environment.  Our initial "problem", after activation, our WAN performance monitoring tools (and our users!) no longer "saw" any WAN performance issues.  They were still happening, but OER "saw" them first, and worked around them before the monitoring tools saw them.

  • DMVPN + MPLS best-path selection

    Dear Community
    We're in the process of deploying DMVPN as a backup solution to MPLS. All that is working great!
    The DMVPN wan is dual-cloud, with 2 hub routers in each cloud. Phase 3 (nhrp shortcut) is enabled on all the spokes.
    For routing, all the customer subnets are advertised in MPLS, whereas for DMVPN hub advertises only a summary to 10.0.0.0/8. The protocol for both is BGP. For DMVPN, the hub routers resides in one AS (65002) and all the spokes another common AS 65102. DMVPN is therefore peered eBGP hub > spoke.
    For customers connected to MPLS, the DMVPN serves as backup only solution. Best-path selection by longest prefix match.
    We have other customers coming on board who wish to join the same WAN but don't have the $$$ for MPLS so are opting for DMVPN only.
    Now, I have a requirement to enable spoke-to-spoke for a DMVPN only site (spokeA) to an MPLS site (spokeB). The problem is it doesn't seem to work properly as the hub router sees the best path to spokeB site via MPLS, not via DMVPN. The spoke-to-spoke is never formed, and remains spokeA > hub > mpls > spokeB. The return path is better = spokeB > DMVPN > hub > spokeA (this is because spokeB sees no route from MPLS for spokeA, so follows 10.0.0.0/8) route.
    I look for any feedback that can help to meet this requirement?
    And if any advice on the general design would be really appreciated.
    Thanks a lot!
    Phil

    Phil, 
    I did a short lab around this ... wanted to make sure I'm not saying something stupid. 
    While I can't claim it's the _optimal_ solution for your setup it seems to work in my lab.
    Spoke1 LAN 192.168.101.0/24 (AS 65001)
    Spoke2 LAN 192.168.102.0/24 (AS 65002)
    HUB LAN 192.168.111.0/24 (AS 65000)
    192.168.1.0/24 DMVPN subnet. 
    A single (i)VRF - DMVPN exists on hub, only and is assigned only to DMVPN tunnel interface. 
    Excuse a few hacks a had to use... default routed via default-originate for example :-)
    Hub
    R10-P#sh run int tu0
    Building configuration...
    Current configuration : 281 bytes
    interface Tunnel0
    vrf forwarding DMVPN
    ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
    no ip redirects
    ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
    ip nhrp network-id 1
    ip nhrp shortcut
    ip nhrp redirect
    tunnel source Loopback0
    tunnel mode gre multipoint
    tunnel protection ipsec profile PRO
    end
    R10-P#sh run | s r b
    router bgp 65000
    bgp log-neighbor-changes
    network 192.168.111.0
    redistribute static
    neighbor 10.112.112.1 remote-as 65001
    neighbor 10.112.112.1 route-map SPOKES_MPLS in
    default-information originate
    address-family ipv4 vrf DMVPN
    neighbor 192.168.1.101 remote-as 65001
    neighbor 192.168.1.101 activate
    neighbor 192.168.1.102 remote-as 65002
    neighbor 192.168.1.102 activate
    exit-address-family
    R10-P#sh run | s vrf defini
    vrf definition DMVPN
    rd 1:1
    route-target export 100:1
    route-target import 100:1
    address-family ipv4
      import ipv4 unicast map DEFAULT
      export ipv4 unicast map SPOKE_SUBNETS
    route-target export 100:1
    route-target import 100:1
    exit-address-family
    address-family ipv6
    route-target export 100:1
    route-target import 100:1
    exit-address-family
    Result on spoke
    R1-PE#traceroute 192.168.102.1 source e2/0
    Type escape sequence to abort.
    Tracing the route to 192.168.102.1
    VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
    1 192.168.1.1 [AS 65000] 5 msec 10 msec 2 msec
    2 192.168.1.102 [AS 65000] 4 msec * 5 msec
    R1-PE#traceroute 192.168.102.1 source e2/0
    Type escape sequence to abort.
    Tracing the route to 192.168.102.1
    VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
    1 192.168.1.102 [AS 65000] 6 msec * 6 msec
    routing on hub 
    (sanitized)
    R10-P# sho ip route
    Gateway of last resort is 10.100.100.2 to network 0.0.0.0
    S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.100.100.2
    10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 13 subnets, 2 masks
    B 192.168.101.0/24 [20/0] via 10.112.112.1, 00:06:40
    B 192.168.102.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.1.102 (DMVPN), 00:00:03
    192.168.111.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
    R10-P# sho ip route vrf DMVPN
    Routing Table: DMVPN
    Gateway of last resort is 10.100.100.2 to network 0.0.0.0
    B* 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.100.100.2, 00:06:40
    192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
    C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Tunnel0
    L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, Tunnel0
    B 192.168.101.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.1.101, 00:06:40
    B 192.168.102.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.1.102, 00:06:25

  • Controlling path selection in multihomed network

    Hi All,
    I *think* I've worked out the answer to this from reading the docs and from other similar posts here, but I would appreciate a sanity-check and any constructive criticism from the experts here.
    The customer has an MPLS VPN with two links into HQ and a bunch of singly-connected remote sites. He wants to load-balance across the two HQ links and (the crucial bit) wants to control which of the two HQ links is used by each remote site.
    For the sake of discussion, lets divide the remote sites into a "Red" group and a "Green" group. I figure if I make one HQ link part of the "Red" group and the other HQ link part of the "Green" group and then configure all of the PEs (the HQ ones and the remote ones) as follows:-
    "Red" sites
    ===========
    ip vrf Customer
    rd x:y
    route-target export 1000:1
    route-target import 1000:1
    route-target import 1000:2
    import-map Prefer-Red
    route-map Prefer-Red permit 10
    match community 1000:1
    set local-preference 100
    route-map Prefer-Red permit 20
    match community 1000:2
    set local-preference 10
    set metric +10
    "Green" sites
    =============
    ip vrf Customer
    rd x:z
    route-target export 1000:2
    route-target import 1000:1
    route-target import 1000:2
    import-map Prefer-Green
    route-map Prefer-Green permit 10
    match community 1000:2
    set local-preference 100
    route-map Prefer-Green permit 20
    match community 1000:1
    set local-preference 10
    set metric +10
    Does this look like a sensible approach ? Does anyone have any better suggestions for accomplishing the desired result ?
    Thanks,
    Eamonn
    (This is my first post here...I hope it is appropriate).

    Hello Eamonn,
    Another option for path selection over the MPLS VPN backbone is to create an additional OSPF intra-area (logical) link between ingress and egress VRFs on the relevant PE routers, also known as "Sham-Link"
    For further details...
    http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122newft/122t/122t8/ospfshmk.htm
    Let us know if this helps !!!
    sultan

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