Limiting attributes of multiple elements with XML Schema

I am working with a curriculum development group and we are trying to get all of their content into and XML format so that it can be easily displayed by a browser and parsed by our application. For quiz pages we would like to do something like the following:
<question>
  <text>Who won superbowl XXXII?</text>
  <answer correct="true">Denver Broncos</answer>
  <answer correct="false">Green Bay Packers</answer>
  <answer correct="false">Dallas Cowboys</answer>
  <answer correct="false">Atlanta Falcons</answer>
</question>However, I can't find a way to limit it so that only one answer element within a question element can have a correct attribute with the value of true. Is this possible?
Additionally, if anybody has recommendations for already developed XML based languages for curriculum that they have experience with that would be appreciated.

well, you create 4 sequences where each sequence has a different team winning, and then choice these 4 sequences together. Admittedly, that would be ugly.

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  • Defining entities with XML schema

    Hi,
    I came across a problem with XML schema's apparent lack of support for entities. e.g. we define an entity like this:
    <!ENTITY le "&#x2264;" >.
    First off I was trying in my XML instance to include an external entity file like this:
    <!DOCTYPE wpi [
    <!ENTITY % DerwentXmlEntities PUBLIC "-//Derwent//Derwent XML General ENTITIES 20000214//EN"
    "derwent-xml-entities.ent">
    %DerwentXmlEntities;
    ]>
    <WPI xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://www.derwent.co.uk/wpi.xsd">
    but I am not clear on where I should place the file derwent-xml-entities.ent. Everything I tried ended up with:
    ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
    ORA-19202: Error occurred in XML processing
    LPX-00202: could not open file "derwent-xml-entities.ent"
    Is it possible to include a file like this?
    So I tried just defining an entity like this:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE wpi [
    <!ENTITY times "&#x00D7;">
    <!ENTITY le "&#x2264;">
    ]>
    The "times" seems OK, but for "le" I get:
    ORA-31011: XML parsing failed
    ORA-19202: Error occurred in XML processing
    LPX-00217: invalid character 8804 (\u2264)
    What sort of encoding should I use?
    Thanks
    Pete

    <xsd:element name="PsL">
    <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:documentation>
    **Pseudo List, required as in D-types, the editors often used the
    {H control sequence to force an indent to make lists of compounds more
                    legible.  We can't be sure that they are always lists but there is
                    useful mark-up there that we wouldn't want to lose**
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="PsE" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="PsE">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                Pseudo List Entry
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                    <xsd:element ref="PsP" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="PsS" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="PsP">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                Pseudo List Prefix
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element name="PsP" type="xsd:string"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sub" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sup" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Em" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="PsS">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                Pseudo List Suffix
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element name="PsS" type="xsd:string"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sub" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sup" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Em" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="Prt">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ************************ Part Container Element **************
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                    <xsd:element ref="PrtNo" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="PrtNm" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="PrtNo">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                PartNo
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element name="PrtNo" type="xsd:string"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sub" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sup" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Em" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
    xsd:element name="PrtNm">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                PartName
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element name="PrtNm" type="xsd:string"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sub" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sup" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Em" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="L">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ************************ List  Container Element *************
            Attribute typ=used by the composition software to decide how to prefix
                                    the list entries, e.g. (a), (A), (i), (1), etc.
                                    AL for AlphaLower
                                    AU for AlphaUpper
                                    RL for RomanLower
                                    RU for RomanUpper
                                    No for Number
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element ref="LP" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="LS" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="typ" use="optional">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                            <xsd:enumeration value="AL"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="AU"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="RL"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="RU"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="No"/>
                        </xsd:restriction>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:attribute>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="LP">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                List Paragraph
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element name="LP" type="xsd:string"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sub" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Sup" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Em" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="RefD" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="RefF" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="LS">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                1st level sublist
            Attribute typ=used by the composition software to decide how to prefix
                                    the list entries, e.g. (a), (A), (i), (1), etc.
                                    AL for AlphaLower
                                    AU for AlphaUpper
                                    RL for RomanLower
                                    RU for RomanUpper
                                    No for Number
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
                    <xsd:element ref="LP" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="LSS" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="typ" use="optional">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                            <xsd:enumeration value="AL"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="AU"/>
                           <xsd:enumeration value="RL"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="RU"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="No"/>
                        </xsd:restriction>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:attribute>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="LSS">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                2nd level list
            Attribute typ=used by the composition software to decide how to prefix
                                    the list entries, e.g. (a), (A), (i), (1), etc.
                                    AL for AlphaLower
                                    AU for AlphaUpper
                                    RL for RomanLower
                                    RU for RomanUpper
                                    No for Number
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="LP" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="typ" use="optional">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                            <xsd:enumeration value="AL"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="AU"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="RL"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="RU"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="No"/>
                        </xsd:restriction>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:attribute>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="IndexingCorePt">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ******** ROOT ELEMENT for Core Patent Indexing   *********
                ** Indexing is composed of Derwent Classification (DC),IPCs,
                    Fragmentation Coding (Frags), Polymer Indexing, Unlinked Registry numbers
                    and Keyword Indexing (KI).
                    Any combination is these three elements is allowed.
                Attribute vs        =Version number starting at 0
                    Attribute co    =Patent country
                    Attribute se    =Patent serial
                    Attribute ki    =Patent Kind
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                    <xsd:element ref="DC" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="IPCs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Frag" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="Polymer" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="IdxU" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="KI" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="vs" type ="xsd:NMTOKEN" use="optional"/>
                <xsd:attribute name="co" type ="xsd:NMTOKEN" use="required"/>
                <xsd:attribute name="se" type ="xsd:NMTOKEN" use="required"/>
                <xsd:attribute name="ki" type ="xsd:NMTOKEN" use="required"/>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="DC">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ************* DERWENT CLASSIFICATION *******************
                ** Derwent Classification is divided in 3 main areas:
                    Chemical(CPI),General &amp; Mechanical (EngPI),
                    Electronic &amp; Electronical (EPI)
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                    <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                        <xsd:element ref="CPIs" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                        <xsd:element ref="EngPIs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                        <xsd:element ref="EPIs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    </xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                        <xsd:element ref="EngPIs" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                        <xsd:element ref="EPIs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
    </xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="EPIs" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="CPIs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                UNIQUE ELEMENT DC
                ** Container element for CPI**
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="CPI" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="CPI">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                UNIQUE ELEMENT CPIs
                ** CPI is composed of sections A to N (no section I)
                    Any combination is allowed, there has to be at least one section.
                    No section can appear twice. The DTD does not enforce this.
                    Section N can't be on his own. The DTD does not enforce this.
                    Each single Chemical section is composed of one main class (DCCM)
                    and zero to many secondary classes (DCCSs). One to many Manual
                    code (MCCs) has to be applied to a given chemical section.
                    Attribute section= an allowed Derwent CPI section    **
                Note that content MCCs is optional as its optional in the backfile
                    before 19??
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                    <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                        <xsd:element ref="DCCM" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                        <xsd:element ref="DCCSs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                        <xsd:element ref="MCCs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    </xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="MCCs" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:choice>
                <xsd:attribute name="sct" use="required">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                            <xsd:enumeration value="A"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="B"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="C"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="D"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="E"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="F"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="G"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="H"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="J"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="K"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="L"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="M"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="N"/>
                        </xsd:restriction>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:attribute>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="DCCM" type="xsd:string">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Derwent Class Chemical Main element **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="DCCSs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Derwent Classes Chemical Secondary Container element**
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="DCCS" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
    <xsd:element name="DCCS" type="xsd:string">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** A Derwent Class Chemical Secondary (DCCS) **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="MCCs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Manual Codes CPI Container Element **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="MCC" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="MCC" type="xsd:string">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** A Manual Code CPI **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="EngPIs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                **General &amp; Mechanical Sections Container element**
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="EngPI" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="EngPI">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                UNIQUE ELEMENT EngPIs
                ** General &amp; Mechanical Sections EngPI is composed of sections
                    P and Q. Any combination is allowed, with at least one section.
                    There are no manual codes for these sections.
                    Each single EngPI section is composed of
                    one or more Derwent Class Engineering (DCEng) elements.
                    No section can appear twice. The DTD does not enforce this.
                    Attribute section= an allowed Derwent EngPI section         **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="DCEngs" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="sct" use="required">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                            <xsd:enumeration value="P"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="Q"/>
                        </xsd:restriction>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:attribute>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="DCEngs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Derwent Class Engineering Container eement **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="DCEng" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
    <xsd:element name="DCEng" type="xsd:string">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Derwent Class Engineering  **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="EPIs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Electronic &amp; Electrical Sections EPI **
                Container element for EPI
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="EPI" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="EPI">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                UNIQUE ELEMENT EPIs
                ** EPI is composed of sections R to X. Any combination is allowed,
                      with at least one section.
                     Section R can't be on his own. The DTD does not enforce this.
                     Each single is composed of one or more Derwent Class Electronic
                     and Electrical (DCE) elements.
                     No section can appear twice. The DTD does not enforce this. **
         Attribute sct = an allowed Derwent EPI section        
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="EPIgp" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
                <xsd:attribute name="sct" use="required">
                    <xsd:simpleType>
                        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
                            <xsd:enumeration value="R"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="S"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="T"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="U"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="V"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="W"/>
                            <xsd:enumeration value="X"/>
                        </xsd:restriction>
                    </xsd:simpleType>
                </xsd:attribute>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="EPIgp">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** A Container element to group the related DCE &amp; MCEs elements **
                Note that content MCEs is optional as its optional in the backfile
                     before 19??
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1">
                    <xsd:element ref="DCE" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/>
                    <xsd:element ref="MCEs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="DCE" type="xsd:string">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Derwent Class Electronic &amp; Electrical (DCE) contains
                     Manual Codes Electronic &amp; Electrical (MCE)              **
                ** Derwent Class EPI **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="MCEs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** Manual Codes EPI container element **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
            <xsd:complexType>
                <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element ref="MCE" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
                </xsd:sequence>
            </xsd:complexType>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="MCE" type="xsd:string">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ** A Manual Code EPI **
                </xsd:documentation>
            </xsd:annotation>
        </xsd:element>
        <xsd:element name="IPCs">
            <xsd:annotation>
                <xsd:documentation>
                ********************IPCs Container element *************
                ** The following xlink construct is a link to the IPC codes on
                     the WIPO site, this could be added to the DTD to provide the link
                     without adding any thing to the individual instances
                     xlink:type   (locator)  #FIXED     "locator"
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        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