ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initORA11G.ora'

Question

I have installed an Oracle 11gR2 on Oracle Linux Server 6.6 (Virtualbox). I have the users grid and oracle11g. Add groups and install grid infrastructure first as a grid user and install database as oracle user as in documentation successfully.
I have following users and groups as
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ id grid
   uid=501(grid) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),492(vboxsf),501(grid),503(dba),505(asmdba),506(asmadmin),507(asmoper)
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ id oracle11g
   uid=500(oracle11g) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),500(oracle11g),492(vboxsf),503(dba),504(oper),505(asmdba)
.bash_profile edited  for oracle11g user as
"export TMP=/tmp
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=orcl11g
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=ora11g
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
.bash_profile edited  for grid user as
"export TMP=/tmp
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=orcl11g
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=+ASM
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/grid
export GRID_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
When I log on as grid user. I check the followings:
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ srvctl status database -d ora11g
Database is running.
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 25 19:17:37 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
STARTED
Till here everything seems to be OK!!!!
When I log as  oracle user. I check the followings:
[oracle11g@orcl11g ~]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Dec 25 19:21:46 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initORA11G.ora'
Also when I log on as a grid user again and use following commands to shutdown and start database again the STATUS of instance is again STARTED not OPEN.
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ srvctl stop database -d ora11g -o normal
[grid@orcl11g ~]$ srvctl start database -d ora11g
And also when I edit /etc/oratab file. I change N to Y for +ASM. But when restart system it seems not changed value is N again.
    +ASM:/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid:N   # line added by Agent
     ora11g:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y
NOW QUESTIONS!!!!!
1. Why I can't change the status of database to OPEN as grid user?
2. The status is always STARTED when querying v$instance. İs it status of +ASM or database?
3. When checking database as grid user it seems to be Database runnning...  If running why it is not in OPEN state? What is running means here?
4. When I log on as oracle user and query v$instance, then error shown above occured. And also when startup  the database then another error occured as in above. WHY?
5. When I edit /etc/oratab file manually why second row saved but the first one is changed after restart the system?
6. Normally, which user have to start, stop or manage database? I think that oracle user is necessary for managing database and the grid user is only for managing ASM and Oracle Restart.
PLEASE HELP ME TO SOLVE THIS CHAOTİC SİTUATİON!!!
Thanks,
DBA_84

Answer 1

I have installed an Oracle 11gR2 on Oracle Linux Server 6.6 (Virtualbox)
Pl identify exact version of 11gR2 to 4 decimal places. As noted in your other thread - Failed to start oracle-ohasd, error: Inappropriate ioctl for device ohasd failed to start at roothas.pl - you will need a minimum version of 11.2.0.3 for Linux 6.x - using a lower version may result in unexpected issues or problems.