Outer Join or Function

Hi everyone:
I would like to know which one is faster: The outer join or the function a select statement.
Thanks,

As 3360 pointed out above this question is general enough.
But in the motto - everything what can be done in plain SQL should be done in SQL:
SQL> create or replace function my_function(objid in number)
  2  return number
  3  is
  4   obj_type number;
  5  begin
  6   select object_type_id into obj_type from nc_objects where object_id = objid;
  7   return obj_type;
  8  end;
  9  /
Function created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.72
SQL> set autotrace traceonly stat
SQL> select (select object_type_id from nc_objects o1 where o1.object_id = o2.object_id) objtype
  2  from nc_objects o2
  3  /
2092663 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:02:154.90
Statistics
         23  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
    6563019  consistent gets
      23405  physical reads
          0  redo size
   85627517  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
   15486040  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
     139512  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
    2092663  rows processed
SQL> select my_function(object_id) from nc_objects;
2092663 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:03:212.10
Statistics
    2092686  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
    8516178  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
   85627532  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
   15486040  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
     139512  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          5  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
    2092663  rows processedRgds.

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    Oracle related stuff blog:
    http://oracle-randolf.blogspot.com/
    SQLTools++ for Oracle (Open source Oracle GUI for Windows):
    http://www.sqltools-plusplus.org:7676/
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    , D.KEY2
    , E.LN_ITEM 
    , F.ITEM_AMT
    FROM (SELECT TO_CHAR(ROWNUM, '00000000') "EMP" FROM DUAL  CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 50 ) A
    , (SELECT '2010-' || TO_CHAR(ROWNUM,'00') "PAY_PRD" FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 52) B
    , (SELECT TO_CHAR(ROWNUM, '000') "KEY1" FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 8) C
    , (SELECT TO_CHAR(ROWNUM, '000') "KEY2" FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 5) D
    , (SELECT TO_CHAR(ROWNUM,'000') "LN_ITEM" FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 20) E
    , (select round(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE * 400,2)  "ITEM_AMT" from dual) F
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX MY_PAY_ITEMS ON MY_PAY_ITEMS (EMP, PAY_PRD, KEY1, KEY2, LN_ITEM)
    CREATE TABLE MY_ITEM_DISPLAY
    ( DISPLAY_CODE VARCHAR2(4) NOT NULL
    , SEQUENCE     NUMBER(2) NOT NULL
    , COLUMN_ITEM1 VARCHAR2(4) not null
    , COLUMN_ITEM2 VARCHAR2(4) not null
    , COLUMN_ITEM3 VARCHAR2(4) not null
    , COLUMN_ITEM4 VARCHAR2(4) not null)
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('01',10,'001','003','004','005');
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('01',20,'007','013','004','009');
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('01',30,'001','004','009','011');
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('01',40,'801','304','209','111');
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('02',10,'001','003','004','005');
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('02',20,'007','013','004','009');
    INSERT INTO MY_ITEM_DISPLAY VALUES ('02',30,'001','004','009','011');
    MY_PAY_ITEMS is a table that stores payslip line items.  It has a total size of 500,000,000 rows.
    EMP is the unique employee id,  We have approx 200,000 employees (with approx 50,000 being active today).
    PAY_PRD is a weekly pointer (2010-01, 2010-02 ... 2010-52), we have data from 2004 and are adding a new pay period every week.  2010-01 is defined as the first monday in 2010 to the first sunday in 2010 etc.
    KEY1 is an internal key, it tracks the timeline within the pay period.
    KEY2 is a child of KEY1, it tracks the sequence of events within KEY1.
    LN_ITEM is the actual pay item that resulted from the event on average a person generates 20 rows per event.  Note that in this example everybody gets the same LN_ITEM values, but in practice it is 20 selected from 300
    ITEM_AMT is the net pay for the line item.
    FILLER is an assortment of fields that are irrelevant to this question, but do act as a drag on any row loads.
    MY_ITEM_DISPLAY is a table that describes how certain screens should display items.  The screen itself is a 4 column grid, with the contents of the individual cells being defined as a lookup of LN_ITEMS to retrieve the relevant LN_AMT.
    We have an application that receives a DISPLAY_CODE and an EMP.  It automatically creates a sql statement along the lines of
    SELECT * FROM MY_VIEW WHERE DISPLAY_CODE = :1 AND EMP = :2
    and renders the output for the user.
    My challenge is that I need to rewrite MY_VIEW as follows:
    1) Select the relevant rows from MY_ITEM_DISPLAY where DISPLAY_CODE = :1
    2) Select the relevant all rows from MY_PAY_ITEMS that satisfy the criteria
       a) EMP = :2
       b) PAY_PRD = (most recent one for EMP as at sysdate, thus if they last got paid in 2010-04 , return 2010-04)
       c) KEY1 = (highest key1 within EMP and PAY_PRD)
       d) KEY2 = (highest key2 within EMP, PAY_PRD and KEY1)
    3) I then need to cross reference these to create a tabular output
    4) Finally I have to return a line of 0's where no LN_ITEMs exist ( DISPLAY_CODE 01, sequence 40 contains impossible values for this scenario)
    The below query does part of it (but not the PAY_PRD, KEY1, KEy2 )
    select * from (
    SELECT A.DISPLAY_CODE
    , B.EMP
    , A.SEQUENCE
    , MAX(DECODE(B.LN_ITEM, A.COLUMN_ITEM1, B.ITEM_AMT, 0)) "COL1"
    , MAX(DECODE(B.LN_ITEM, A.COLUMN_ITEM2, B.ITEM_AMT, 0)) "COL2"
    , MAX(DECODE(B.LN_ITEM, A.COLUMN_ITEM3, B.ITEM_AMT, 0)) "COL3"
    , MAX(DECODE(B.LN_ITEM, A.COLUMN_ITEM4, B.ITEM_AMT, 0)) "COL4"
    FROM MY_ITEM_DISPLAY A, MY_PAY_ITEMS B
    WHERE B.PAY_PRD = '2010-03'
    GROUP BY A.DISPLAY_CODE, B.EMP, A.SEQUENCE)
    WHERE DISPLAY_CODE = '01'
    AND EMP = '0000011'
    ORDER BY SEQUENCE
    My questions
    1) How do I do the PAY_PRD, KEY1, KEY2 constraint, can I use some form of ROW_NUMBER() OVER function ?
    2) How do I handle the fact that none of the 4 column LN_ITEMS may exist  (see sequence 40, none of those line items can exist)...  Ideally the above SQL should return
    01, 0000011, 10, <some number>, <some number>, <some number>, <some number>
    01, 0000011, 20, <some number>, <some number>, <some number>, <some number>
    01, 0000011, 30, <some number>, <some number>, <some number>, <some number>
    01, 0000011, 40, 0            , 0            , 0            , 0           
    I tried a UNION, but his prevented the view from eliminating the bulk of the MY_PAY_ITEMS rows, as it resolve ALL of MY_PAY_ITEMS instead of just retrieving rows for the one EMP passed to the view.  The same seems to be true for any outer joins.

    Hi, if i understood you properly, you need :
    select nvl(q.display_code,lag(q.display_code) over (order by rownum)) display_code,
           nvl(q.emp,lag(q.emp) over (order by rownum)) emp,
           m.s,
           nvl(q.COL1,0) COL1,
           nvl(q.COL2,0) COL2,      
           nvl(q.COL3,0) COL3,
           nvl(q.COL4,0) COL4,
           nvl(PAY_PRD,lag(q.PAY_PRD) over (order by rownum)) PAY_PRD,
           nvl(KEY1,lag(q.KEY1) over (order by rownum)) KEY1,
           nvl(KEY2,lag(q.KEY2) over (order by rownum)) KEY2  
    from(
    select d.display_code,
           t.emp,
           d.sequence,
           max(DECODE(t.LN_ITEM, d.COLUMN_ITEM1, t.ITEM_AMT, 0)) keep (dense_rank first order by to_date(t.pay_prd,'yyyy-mm') desc ) "COL1",
           max(DECODE(t.LN_ITEM, d.COLUMN_ITEM2, t.ITEM_AMT, 0)) keep (dense_rank first order by to_date(t.pay_prd,'yyyy-mm') desc ) "COL2",
           max(DECODE(t.LN_ITEM, d.COLUMN_ITEM3, t.ITEM_AMT, 0)) keep (dense_rank first order by to_date(t.pay_prd,'yyyy-mm') desc ) "COL3",
           max(DECODE(t.LN_ITEM, d.COLUMN_ITEM4, t.ITEM_AMT, 0)) keep (dense_rank first order by to_date(t.pay_prd,'yyyy-mm') desc ) "COL4",
           max(t.PAY_PRD) PAY_PRD,
           max(t.key1) keep (dense_rank first order by to_date(t.pay_prd,'yyyy-mm') desc ) key1,
           max(t.key2) keep (dense_rank first order by to_date(t.pay_prd,'yyyy-mm') desc ) key2
      from MY_PAY_ITEMS t
      join MY_ITEM_DISPLAY d
        on d.display_code = '01'
    where t.emp = '00000011'
    group by d.display_code, t.emp, d.sequence
    ) q
    full outer join (select level*10 s from dual connect by level <= 4) m
    on m.s = q.sequence
    DISPLAY_CODE
    EMP
    S
    COL1
    COL2
    COL3
    COL4
    PAY_PRD
    KEY1
    KEY2
    01
    00000011
    10
    101.1
    103.1
    104.1
    105.1
    2010-03
    008
    005
    01
    00000011
    20
    107.1
    113.1
    104.1
    109.1
    2010-03
    008
    005
    01
    00000011
    30
    101.1
    104.1
    109.1
    111.1
    2010-03
    008
    005
    01
    00000011
    40
    0
    0
    0
    0
    2010-03
    008
    005
    Ramin Hashimzade

  • Outer join problem (ORA-01799)

    We have a database design roughly as follows:
    - A STAFF table (columns don't matter here).
    - Resources have a cost per hour that varies over time, so we have a STAFF_COST table with an effective date and a cost per hour
    - A PROJECT table (columns don't matter here).
    - Projects can have staff assigned, so we have a PROJECT_STAFF table which has foreign keys to the PROJECT and STAFF table.
    - Project staff have a cost per hour, which can vary over time, and be different to the (default) staff costs. So we have a PROJECT_STAFF_COST table which uses the PROJECT_STAFF foreign key, with an effective date and a cost per hour
    - Staff work on tasks so we have a TIMESHEET_TASK and TIMESHEET_DAY tables which define a project worked on, task within the project (optional as time can be 'entered against the project', who is recording the time, the hours worked and the day the hours were worked.
    So when timesheet information is entered we have three scenario's that we need to cover.
    1) The resource is a member of the project and the hours were worked on a day for which we have a project staff cost. That is, the project staff cost table has one or more rows for the staff member assigned to the given project with an effective date before the date the hours were entered against.
    2) The resource is a member of the project but the hours were worked on a day for which we do not have a project staff cost. That is, the project staff cost table has one or more entries for the staff member assigned to the given project, but all the effective dates are after the date the hours were entered against.
    3) The resource is not a member of the project. That is, the project staff cost table does not have any rows for the staff member. Time was entered 'against the project'.
    We need to work out the actual cost of the project. So we need to retrieve every day's timesheet entry, returning the hours assigned and the cost per hour relevant for that day. I have the following query:
    select tsh.staff_id, s.full_name, tsd.entry_date, tsd.hours as ProjectHours,
    psCOST_INFO.cost_per_hour as ProjectCost
    from timesheet_day tsd
    inner join timesheet_task tst on tst.timesheet_task_id = tsd.timesheet_task_id
    inner join timesheet_header tsh on tst.timesheet_header_id = tsh.timesheet_header_id
    inner join staff s on s.staff_id = tsh.staff_id
    left join (Select ps.project_id, ps.staff_id, psc.project_staff_id, psc.effective_date, psc.cost_per_hour
    from project_staff ps
    inner join project_staff_cost psc on ps.project_staff_id = psc.project_staff_id) as psCOST_INFO
    on psCOST_INFO.staff_id = tsh.staff_id and psCOST_INFO.project_id = tst.project_id
    and psCOST_INFO.effective_date = (select max(ps2.effective_date) from project_staff_cost ps2
    where ps2.project_staff_id = psCOST_INFO.project_staff_id
    and ps2.effective_date <= tsd.entry_date)
    where tst.project_id = 55825
    Using the left join covers scenario's 2 and 3 above because I will get null in the cost columns and can then take appropriate action. If I were to use an inner join, then hours in timesheets from scenario's 2 and 3 would be excluded, which is not what we want.
    The subselect using the MAX aggregate function is required to get the cost per hour most relevant for the timesheet day. That is, if there are several effective dates for the project staff member before the date in question, we want the most recent one. We can't just use the MAX one, however in case there is an effective date after the particular timesheet date. Sheesh...
    This query works fine in SQL Server. It it not allowed in Oracle and returns an ORA-01799 column may not be outer joined to a subquery.
    I'm not going to bother to ask why not. I just need a way to do what I want. I've spent days trying to move the code around but I either end up with an inner join (which returns fewer rows than I want) or it just plain don't work.
    Can someone help me rework this query to achieve the result I want?
    Thanks, Andrew

    Thanks for your reply, Laurent. In my experience trying to cut important corners in explaining a problem only serves to make it more difficult to solve. That pretty much was the smallest reproducable query that demonstrates the complexity of the problem I have. I'm not just trying to get which publishers live in the 'CA' state here...
    From what I have just read about rank() it serves the same purpose as max() on a given column, and getting the maximum or top ranked one just doesn't cut it. As I said in my original post that provided all the relevant (and no spurious) information on the problem, it is possible that there are effective dates AFTER the date we are interested in and they have to be excluded.
    I have to get the project staff cost row with the latest date that is before the timesheet date. That means I have to reference data in the outer query. Oracle seems to have a problem with that when used in an outer join.
    We are currently going down the track of 3 UNION'd statement to cover the 3 scenario's. A single query would be more efficient so if anyone can provide guidance I would appreciate it.
    Thanks, Andrew

  • Defaulting Null Values in an outer join to the last joined row's values.

    I have a situation where I need to fill in the missing values from an outer join with the last values returned by the join.
    The query is based on a date table, an organization table and a transaction table.
    SELECT D.DATE_ID, O.ORG_ID, T.VALUE
    FROM D_ORGANIZATION O, D_DATE D, F_TRANSACTION T
    WHERE D.DATE_ID = T.DATE_ID(+)
    AND T.ORG_ID = O.ORG_ID(+)
    AND O.ORG_NAME = '&NAME'[
    AND D.THE_DATE >= ADD_MONTHS( TO_DATE( '&&PERIOD_DATE', 'DD-MON-YYYY' ), -23 )
    AND D.THE_DATE <= ADD_MONTHS( TO_DATE( '&&PERIOD_DATE', 'DD-MON-YYYY' ), 24 )
    So the query will return all dates in the 4 year period, and where transactions exist the relevent value.
    DATE_ID ORG_ID VALUE
    38291     2 99.8
    38321     2 45.1
    38352     
    38383     
    38411     
    What I need to happen is:
    DATE_ID ORG_ID VALUE
    38291     2 99.8
    38321     2 45.1
    38352     2 45.1     
    38383 2 45.1
    38411     2 45.1
    Lag appears to be of no use because it will only pick up the last genuine value, so using
    NVL(T.VALUE, LAG(T.VALUE,1) OVER ( .... )
    Gives:
    ATE_ID ORG_ID VALUE
    38291     2 99.8
    38321     2 45.1
    38352     2 45.1     
    38383
    38411     
    The length of the data gap can vary as constituent organisations don't all return their data at the same time, and there may be intermediate dates where no data is returned , but the value needs to be calculated.
    What's going on here is that a gaph is being generated where the tool requires data points to plot the line, once the real data ends a bespoke trend calculations takes over based on the last value returned. I do not have access to the data warehousing options so a solution that doen't need them would be handy, but if not then options can be purchased.
    The tool can't use PL/SQL, but is perhaps a bespoke function in order?

    To do this wouldn't you need to know the data in advance? The real source table had 1800 organisations and 8,000,000 transactions.
    I Tried this as well, creating a pl/sql package as follows.
    create or replace PACKAGE stack AS
    TYPE gnt_push_numbers IS TABLE OF NUMBER INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
    TYPE gvt_push_varchars IS TABLE OF VARCHAR(1000) INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
    gna_push_numbers gnt_push_numbers;
    gva_push_varchars gvt_push_varchars;
    FUNCTION PUSH ( pn_push_var NUMBER, pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER DETERMINISTIC;
    FUNCTION PUSH ( pv_push_var VARCHAR, pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR DETERMINISTIC;
    FUNCTION POP_NUM ( pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER DETERMINISTIC;
    FUNCTION POP_VAR ( pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR DETERMINISTIC;
    END stack;
    CREATE OR REPLACE
    PACKAGE BODY "STACK" AS
    FUNCTION push(pn_push_var NUMBER, pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER deterministic IS
    BEGIN
    gna_push_numbers(pn_offset) := pn_push_var;
    RETURN pn_push_var;
    END push;
    FUNCTION push(pv_push_var VARCHAR, pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR deterministic IS
    BEGIN
    gva_push_varchars(pn_offset) := pv_push_var;
    RETURN pv_push_var;
    END push;
    FUNCTION pop_num(pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER deterministic IS
    BEGIN
    RETURN gna_push_numbers(pn_offset);
    END pop_num;
    FUNCTION pop_var(pn_offset NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR deterministic IS
    BEGIN
    RETURN gva_push_varchars(pn_offset);
    END pop_var;
    END stack;
    Unfortunately it appears to act before the rows are sorted, so will only work in specialised circumstances, in that you have to ensure the rows have been sorted before the function is used.
    SELECT PUSH(COL), POP..(COL)
    FROM ( SELECT etc.
    Luckily the client decided they didn't want to mix their graphs any more so a more classic approach using a base table select for actuals and then a date table select with a sub-query columns for the projection provided a simple solution.

  • How to do outer join select query for an APEX report

    Hello everyone,
    I am Ann.
    I have one select statement that calculate the statistics for one month(October 2012 in this example)
    select ph.phase_number
    , sum ( (case
    WHEN ph.date_finished IS NULL OR ph.date_finished > last_day(TO_DATE('Oct 2012','MON YYYY'))
    THEN last_day(TO_DATE('Oct 2012','MON YYYY'))
    ELSE ph.date_finished
    END )
    - ph.date_started + 1) / count(def.def_id) as avg_days
    from phase_membership ph
    inner join court_engagement ce on ph.mpm_eng_id = ce.engagement_id
    inner join defendant def on ce.defendant_id = def.def_id
    where def.active = 1
    and ph.date_started <= last_day(TO_DATE('Oct 2012','MON YYYY'))
    and ph.active = 1
    and UPPER(ce.court_name) LIKE '%'
    group by rollup(phase_number)
    Result is as below
    Phase_Number     AVG_DAYS
    Phase One     8.6666666666666667
    Phase Two     14.6
    Phase Three     12
         11.4615365
    I have other select list mainly list the months between two date value.
    select to_char(which_month, 'MON YYYY') as display_month
    from (
    select add_months(to_date('Aug 2012','MON YYYY'), rownum-1) which_month
    from all_objects
    where
    rownum <= months_between(to_date('Oct 2012','MON YYYY'), add_months(to_date('Aug 2012','MON YYYY'), -1))
    order by which_month )
    Query result is as below
    DISPLAY_MONTH
    AUG 2012
    SEP 2012
    OCT 2012
    Is there any way that I can join these two select statement above to generate a result like:
    Month          Phase Number     Avg days
    Aug 2012     Phase One     8.666
    Sep 2012     Phase One     7.66
    Oct 2012     Phase One     5.66
    Aug 2012     Phase Two     8.666
    Sep 2012     Phase Two     7.66
    Oct 2012     Phase Two     5.66
    Aug 2012     Phase Three     8.666
    Sep 2012     Phase Three     7.66
    Oct 2012     Phase Three     5.66
    Or
    Month          Phase Number     Avg days
    Aug 2012     Phase One     8.666
    Aug 2012     Phase Two     7.66
    Aug 2012     Phase Three     5.66
    Sep 2012     Phase One     8.666
    Sep 2012     Phase Two     7.66
    Sep 2012     Phase Three     5.66
    Oct 2012     Phase One     8.666
    Oct 2012     Phase Two     7.66
    Oct 2012     Phase Three     5.66
    And it can be order by either Phase Number or Month.
    My other colleague suggest I should use an left outer join but after trying so many ways, I am still stuck.
    One of the select I tried is
    select a.display_month,b.* from (
    select to_char(which_month, 'MON YYYY') as display_month
    from (
    select add_months(to_date('Aug 2012','MON YYYY'), rownum-1) which_month
    from all_objects
    where
    rownum <= months_between(to_date('Oct 2012','MON YYYY'), add_months(to_date('Aug 2012','MON YYYY'), -1))
    order by which_month )) a left outer join
    ( select to_char(ph.date_finished,'MON YYYY') as join_month, ph.phase_number
    , sum ( (case
    WHEN ph.date_finished IS NULL OR ph.date_finished > last_day(TO_DATE(a.display_month,'MON YYYY'))
    THEN last_day(TO_DATE(a.display_month,'MON YYYY'))
    ELSE ph.date_finished
    END )
    - ph.date_started + 1) / count(def.def_id) as avg_days
    from phase_membership ph
    inner join court_engagement ce on ph.mpm_eng_id = ce.engagement_id
    inner join defendant def on ce.defendant_id = def.def_id
    where def.active = 1
    and ph.date_started <= last_day(TO_DATE(a.display_month,'MON YYYY'))
    and ph.active = 1
    and UPPER(ce.court_name) LIKE '%'
    group by to_char(ph.date_finished,'MON YYYY') , rollup(phase_number)) b
    on a.display_month = b.join_month
    but then I get an error
    SQL Error: ORA-00904: "A"."DISPLAY_MONTH": invalid identifier
    I need to display a report on APEX with option for people to download at least CSV format.
    I already have 1 inteactive report in the page, so don’t think can add another interactive report without using the iframe trick.
    If any of you have any ideas, please help.
    Thanks a lot.
    Ann

    First of all, a huge thanks for following this Frank.
    I have just started working here, I think the Oracle version is 11g, but not sure.
    To run Oracle APEX version 4, I think they must have at least 10g R2.
    This report is a bit challenging for me.I has never worked with PARTITION before.
    About the select query you suggested, I run , and it seems working fine, but if I try this,
    it return error ORA-01843: not a valid month
    DEFINE startmonth = "Aug 2012";
    DEFINE endmonth   = "Oct 2012";
    WITH     all_months     AS
         select add_months(to_date('&startmonth','MON YYYY'), rownum-1) AS which_month
         ,      add_months(to_date('&startmonth','MON YYYY'), rownum  ) AS next_month
         from all_objects
         where
         rownum <= months_between(to_date('&endmonth','MON YYYY'), add_months(to_date('&startmonth','MON YYYY'), -1))
    select TO_CHAR (am.which_month, 'Mon YYYY')     AS month
    ,      ph.phase_number
    , sum ( (case
    WHEN ph.date_finished IS NULL OR ph.date_finished > last_day(TO_DATE(am.which_month,'MON YYYY'))
    THEN last_day(TO_DATE(am.which_month,'MON YYYY'))
    ELSE ph.date_finished
    END )
    - ph.date_started + 1) / count(def.def_id) as avg_days
    FROM           all_months          am
    LEFT OUTER JOIN  phase_membership  ph  PARTITION BY (ph.phase_number)
                                        ON  am.which_month <= ph.date_started
                               AND am.next_month  >  ph.date_started
                               AND ph.date_started <= last_day(TO_DATE(am.which_month,'MON YYYY'))  -- May not be needed
                               AND ph.active = 1
    LEFT OUTER join  court_engagement  ce  on  ph.mpm_eng_id = ce.engagement_id
                                        and ce.court_name IS NOT NULL  -- or something involving LIKE
    LEFT OUTER join  defendant         def on  ce.defendant_id = def.def_id
                                        AND def.active = 1
    group by rollup(phase_number, am.which_month)
    ORDER BY  am.which_month
    ,            ph.phase_number
    ;Here is the shorted versions of the three tables:
    A_DEFENDANT, A_ENGAGEMENT, A_PHASE_MEMBERSHIP
    CREATE TABLE "A_DEFENDANT"
        "DEF_ID"     NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE,
        "FIRST_NAME" VARCHAR2(50 BYTE),
        "SURNAME"    VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE,
        "DOB" DATE NOT NULL ENABLE,
        "ACTIVE" NUMBER(2,0) DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL ENABLE,
        CONSTRAINT "A_DEFENDANT_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("DEF_ID"))
    Sample Data
    Insert into A_DEFENDANT (DEF_ID,FIRST_NAME,SURNAME,DOB,ACTIVE) values (101,'Joe','Bloggs',to_date('12/12/99','DD/MM/RR'),1);
    Insert into A_DEFENDANT (DEF_ID,FIRST_NAME,SURNAME,DOB,ACTIVE) values (102,'John','Smith',to_date('20/05/00','DD/MM/RR'),1);
    Insert into A_DEFENDANT (DEF_ID,FIRST_NAME,SURNAME,DOB,ACTIVE) values (103,'Jane','Black',to_date('15/02/98','DD/MM/RR'),1);
    Insert into A_DEFENDANT (DEF_ID,FIRST_NAME,SURNAME,DOB,ACTIVE) values (104,'Minnie','Mouse',to_date('13/12/88','DD/MM/RR'),0);
    Insert into A_DEFENDANT (DEF_ID,FIRST_NAME,SURNAME,DOB,ACTIVE) values (105,'Daisy','Duck',to_date('05/08/00','DD/MM/RR'),1);
    CREATE TABLE "A_ENGAGEMENT"
        "ENGAGEMENT_ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE,
        "COURT_NAME"    VARCHAR2(50 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE,
        "DATE_REFERRED" DATE,
        "DETERMINATION_HEARING_DATE" DATE,
        "DATE_JOINED_COURT" DATE,
        "DATE_TREATMENT_STARTED" DATE,
        "DATE_TERMINATED" DATE,
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