Parallel Query - which actions are possible?

Hello guys,
we have an OLTP system which a huge amount of data... and now i want to try to introduce parallel query in the system and test something around.
I have some experiences with parallel query in an OLAP environment, but not in an OLTP.
What i am searching for?
An overview for Oracle 10g which lists all possible query accesses that are possible in a parallel environment.
For example:
- FTS - possible
- Nested Loops - possible
- Index Range scans - not possible
I know some .. but not all so i am searching for an overview on the oracle documentation page but was not able to found something.
Maybe you can help me.
Regards
Stefan

Hello sybrand (my little senior dba),
regarding to the paper of Doug Burns there are more things that can be executed parallel (but this paper is about Oracle 9i), so please don't post if you don't have any knowledge.
http://www.dbanotes.net/archives/px.pdf
=> As Oracle’s parallel capabilities have been developed, most tasks can be executed in parallel now. According to the 9.2.0.5 documentation, Oracle supports parallel execution of the following operations: -
Access methods
For example, table scans, index fast full scans, and partitioned index range scans.
Join methods
For example, nested loop, sort merge, hash, and star transformation.
I am searching for such an information about Oracle 10g... maybe there are some more things that can be executed parallel wit 10g.
Thanks and Regards
Stefan

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hi,
Work Area
Description for a data object that is particularly useful when working with internal tables or database tables as a source for changing operations or a target for reading operations.
WORKAREA is a structure that can hold only one record at a time. It is a collection of fields. We use workarea as we cannot directly read from a table. In order to interact with a table we need workarea. When a Select Statement is executed on a table then the first record is read and put into the header of the table and from there put into the header or the workarea(of the same structure as that of the table)of the internal table and then transferred top the body of the internal table or directly displayed from the workarea.
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.g.
data: begin of itab occurs 10,
ab type c,
cd type i,
end of itab. " this table will have the header line.
data: wa_itab like itab. " explicit work area for itab
data: itab1 like itab occurs 10. " table is without header line.
The header line is a field string with the same structure as a row of the body, but it can only hold a single row.
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With header line
SELECT.
Put the curson on that word and press F1 . You can see the whole documentation for select statements.
select statements :
SELECT result
FROM source
INTO|APPENDING target
[[FOR ALL ENTRIES IN itab] WHERE sql_cond]
Effect
SELECT is an Open-SQL-statement for reading data from one or several database tables into data objects.
The select statement reads a result set (whose structure is determined in result ) from the database tables specified in source, and assigns the data from the result set to the data objects specified in target. You can restrict the result set using the WHERE addition. The addition GROUP BY compresses several database rows into a single row of the result set. The addition HAVING restricts the compressed rows. The addition ORDER BY sorts the result set.
The data objects specified in target must match the result set result. This means that the result set is either assigned to the data objects in one step, or by row, or by packets of rows. In the second and third case, the SELECT statement opens a loop, which which must be closed using ENDSELECT. For every loop pass, the SELECT-statement assigns a row or a packet of rows to the data objects specified in target. If the last row was assigned or if the result set is empty, then SELECT branches to ENDSELECT . A database cursor is opened implicitly to process a SELECT-loop, and is closed again when the loop is ended. You can end the loop using the statements from section leave loops.
Up to the INTO resp. APPENDING addition, the entries in the SELECTstatement define which data should be read by the database in which form. This requirement is translated in the database interface for the database system´s programming interface and is then passed to the database system. The data are read in packets by the database and are transported to the application server by the database server. On the application server, the data are transferred to the ABAP program´s data objects in accordance with the data specified in the INTO and APPENDING additions.
System Fields
The SELECT statement sets the values of the system fields sy-subrc and sy-dbcnt.
sy-subrc Relevance
0 The SELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 0 for every pass by value to an ABAP data object. The ENDSELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 0 if at least one row was transferred in the SELECT loop.
4 The SELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 4 if the result set is empty, that is, if no data was found in the database.
8 The SELECT statement sets sy-subrc to 8 if the FOR UPDATE addition is used in result, without the primary key being specified fully after WHERE.
After every value that is transferred to an ABAP data object, the SELECT statement sets sy-dbcnt to the number of rows that were transferred. If the result set is empty, sy-dbcnt is set to 0.
Notes
Outside classes, you do not need to specify the target area with INTO or APPENDING if a single database table or a single view is specified statically after FROM, and a table work area dbtab was declared with the TABLES statement for the corresponding database table or view. In this case, the system supplements the SELECT-statement implicitly with the addition INTO dbtab.
Although the WHERE-condition is optional, you should always specify it for performance reasons, and the result set should not be restricted on the application server.
SELECT-loops can be nested. For performance reasons, you should check whether a join or a sub-query would be more effective.
Within a SELECT-loop you cannot execute any statements that lead to a database commit and consequently cause the corresponding database cursor to close.
SELECT - result
Syntax
... lines columns ... .
Effect
The data in result defines whether the resulting set consists of multiple rows (table-like structure) or a single row ( flat structure). It specifies the columns to be read and defines their names in the resulting set. Note that column names from the database table can be changed. For single columns, aggregate expressions can be used to specify aggregates. Identical rows in the resulting set can be excluded, and individual rows can be protected from parallel changes by another program.
The data in result consists of data for the rows lines and for the columns columns.
SELECT - lines
Syntax
... { SINGLE }
| { { } } ... .
Alternatives:
1. ... SINGLE
2. ... { }
Effect
The data in lines specifies that the resulting set has either multiple lines or a single line.
Alternative 1
... SINGLE
Effect
If SINGLE is specified, the resulting set has a single line. If the remaining additions to the SELECT command select more than one line from the database, the first line that is found is entered into the resulting set. The data objects specified after INTO may not be internal tables, and the APPENDING addition may not be used.
An exclusive lock can be set for this line using the FOR UPDATE addition when a single line is being read with SINGLE. The SELECT command is used in this case only if all primary key fields in logical expressions linked by AND are checked to make sure they are the same in the WHERE condition. Otherwise, the resulting set is empty and sy-subrc is set to 8. If the lock causes a deadlock, an exception occurs. If the FOR UPDATE addition is used, the SELECT command circumvents SAP buffering.
Note
When SINGLE is being specified, the lines to be read should be clearly specified in the WHERE condition, for the sake of efficiency. When the data is read from a database table, the system does this by specifying comparison values for the primary key.
Alternative 2
Effect
If SINGLE is not specified and if columns does not contain only aggregate expressions, the resulting set has multiple lines. All database lines that are selected by the remaining additions of the SELECT command are included in the resulting list. If the ORDER BY addition is not used, the order of the lines in the resulting list is not defined and, if the same SELECT command is executed multiple times, the order may be different each time. A data object specified after INTO can be an internal table and the APPENDING addition can be used. If no internal table is specified after INTO or APPENDING, the SELECT command triggers a loop that has to be closed using ENDSELECT.
If multiple lines are read without SINGLE, the DISTINCT addition can be used to exclude duplicate lines from the resulting list. If DISTINCT is used, the SELECT command circumvents SAP buffering. DISTINCT cannot be used in the following situations:
If a column specified in columns has the type STRING, RAWSTRING, LCHAR or LRAW
If the system tries to access pool or cluster tables and single columns are specified in columns.
Note
When specifying DISTINCT, note that you have to carry out sort operations in the database system for this.
SELECT - columns
Syntax
| { {col1|aggregate( col1 )}
{col2|aggregate( col2 )} ... }
| (column_syntax) ... .
Alternatives:
1. ... *
2. ... {col1|aggregate( col1 )}
{col2|aggregate( col2 )} ...
3. ... (column_syntax)
Effect
The input in columns determines which columns are used to build the resulting set.
Alternative 1
Effect
If * is specified, the resulting set is built based on all columns in the database tables or views specified after FROM, in the order given there. The columns in the resulting set take on the name and data type from the database tables or views. Only one data object can be specified after INTO.
Note
If multiple database tables are specified after FROM, you cannot prevent multiple columns from getting the same name when you specify *.
Alternative 2
... {col1|aggregate( col1 )}
{col2|aggregate( col2 )} ...
Effect
A list of column labels col1 col2 ... is specified in order to build the resulting list from individual columns. An individual column can be specified directly or as an argument of an aggregate function aggregate. The order in which the column labels are specified is up to you and defines the order of the columns in the resulting list. Only if a column of the type LCHAR or LRAW is listed does the corresponding length field also have to be specified directly before it. An individual column can be specified multiple times.
The addition AS can be used to define an alternative column name a1 a2 ... with a maximum of fourteen digits in the resulting set for every column label col1 col2 .... The system uses the alternative column name in the additions INTO|APPENDING CORRESPONDING FIELDS and ORDER BY. .
Column labels
The following column labels are possible:
If only a single database table or a single view is specified after FROM, the column labels in the database table - that is, the names of the components comp1 comp2... - can be specified directly for col1 col2 ... in the structure of the ABAP Dictionary.
If the name of the component occurs in multiple database tables of the FROM addition, but the desired database table or the view dbtab is only specified once after FROM, the names dbtab~comp1 dbtab~comp2 ... have to be specified for col1 col2 .... comp1 comp2 ... are the names of the components in the structure of the ABAP Dictionary.
If the desired database table or view occurs multiple times after FROM, the names tabalias~comp1 tabalias~comp2 ... have to be specified for col1 col2 .... tabalias is the alternative table name of the database table or view defined after FROM, and comp1 comp2 ... are the names of the components in the structure of the ABAP Dictionary.
The data type of a single column in the resulting list is the datatype of the corresponding component in the ABAP Dictionary. The corresponding data object after INTO or APPENDING has to be selected accordingly.
Note
If multiple database tables are specified after FROM, you can use alternative names when specifying single columns to avoid having multiple columns with the same name.
Example
Read specific columns of a single row.
DATA wa TYPE spfli.
SELECT SINGLE carrid connid cityfrom cityto
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa
FROM spfli
WHERE carrid EQ 'LH' AND connid EQ '0400'.
IF sy-subrc EQ 0.
WRITE: / wa-carrid, wa-connid, wa-cityfrom, wa-cityto.
ENDIF.
Alternative 3
... (column_syntax)
Effect
Instead of static data, a data object column_syntax in brackets can be specified, which, when the command is executed, either contains the syntax shown with the static data, or is initial. The data object column_syntax can be a character-type data object or an internal table with a character-type data type. The syntax in column_syntax, like in the ABAP editor, is not case-sensitive. When specifying an internal table, you can distribute the syntax over multiple rows.
If column_syntax is initial when the command is executed, columns is implicitly set to * and all columns are read.
If columns are specificied dynamically without the SINGLE addition, the resulting set is always regarded as having multiple rows.
Notes
Before Release 6.10, you could only specify an internal table with a flat character-type row type for column_syntax with a maximum of 72 characters. Also, before Release 6.10, if you used the DISTINCT addition for dynamic access to pool tables or cluster tables, this was ignored, but since release 6.10, this causes a known exception.
If column_syntax is an internal table with header line, the table body and not the header line is evaluated.
Example
Read out how many flights go to and from a city. The SELECT command is implemented only once in a sub-program. The column data, including aggregate function and the data after GROUP BY, is dynamic. Instead of adding the column data to an internal l_columns table, you could just as easily concatenate it in a character-type l_columns field.
PERFORM my_select USING `CITYFROM`.
ULINE.
PERFORM my_select USING `CITYTO`.
FORM my_select USING l_group TYPE string.
DATA: l_columns TYPE TABLE OF string,
l_container TYPE string,
l_count TYPE i.
APPEND l_group TO l_columns.
APPEND `count( * )` TO l_columns.
SELECT (l_columns)
FROM spfli
INTO (l_container, l_count)
GROUP BY (l_group).
WRITE: / l_count, l_container.
ENDSELECT.
ENDFORM.
SELECT - aggregate
Syntax
... { MAX( col )
| MIN( col )
| AVG( col )
| SUM( col )
| COUNT( DISTINCT col )
| COUNT( * )
| count(*) } ... .
Effect
As many of the specified column labels as you like can be listed in the SELECT command as arguments of the above aggregate expression. In aggregate expressions, a single value is calculated from the values of multiple rows in a column as follows (note that the addition DISTINCT excludes double values from the calculation):
MAX( col ) Determines the maximum value of the value in the column col in the resulting set or in the current group.
MIN( col ) Determines the minimum value of the content of the column col in the resulting set or in the current group.
AVG( col ) Determines the average value of the content of the column col in the resulting set or in the current group. The data type of the column has to be numerical.
SUM( col ) Determines the sum of the content of the column col in the resulting set or in the current group. The data type of the column has to be numerical.
COUNT( DISTINCT col ) Determines the number of different values in the column col in the resulting set or in the current group.
COUNT( * ) (or count(*)) Determines the number of rows in the resulting set or in the current group. No column label is specified in this case.
If you are using aggregate expressions, all column labels that are not listed as an argument of an aggregate function are listed after the addition GROUP BY. The aggregate functions evaluate the content of the groups defined by GROUP BY in the database system and transfer the result to the combined rows of the resulting set.
The data type of aggregate expressions with the function MAX, MIN or SUM is the data type of the corresponding column in the ABAP Dictionary. Aggregate expressions with the function AVG have the data type FLTP, and those with COUNT have the data type INT4. The corresponding data object after INTO or APPENDING has to be selected accordingly.
Note the following points when using aggregate expressions:
If the addition FOR ALL ENTRIES is used in front of WHERE, or if cluster or pool tables are listed after FROM, no other aggregate expressions apart from COUNT( * ) can be used.
Columns of the type STRING or RAWSTRING cannot be used with aggregate functions.
When aggregate expressions are used, the SELECT command makes it unnecessary to use SAP buffering.
Null values are not included in the calculation for the aggregate functions. The result is a null value only if all the rows in the column in question contain the null value.
If only aggregate expressions are used after SELECT, the results set has one row and the addition GROUP BY is not necessary. If a non-table type target area is specified after INTO, the command ENDSELECT cannot be used together with the addition SINGLE. If the aggregate expression count( * ) is not being used, an internal table can be specified after INTO, and the first row of this table is filled.
If aggregate functions are used without GROUP BY being specified at the same time, the resulting set also contains a row if no data is found in the database. If count( * ) is used, the column in question contains the value 0. The columns in the other aggregate functions contain initial values. This row is assigned to the data object specified after INTO, and unless count( * ) is being used exclusively, sy-subrc is set to 0 and sy-dbcnt is set to 1. If count( *) is used exclusively, the addition INTO can be omitted and if no data can be found in the database, sy-subrc is set to 4 and sy-dbcnt is set to 0.
if helpful reward points

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//a

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000010            D OUTWPMASSN
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Hi all
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Hi all
What are the basic reasons of this error:
ORA-12801: error signaled in parallel query server
I have received this error while running report

>>>What are the basic reasons of this error:
ORA-12801: error signaled in parallel query server string
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Problem with temp space allocation in parallel query

Hello
I've got a query which matches two large result sets (25m+ rows) against each other and does some basic filtering and aggregation. When I run this query in serial it takes about 30 mins and completes successfully. When I specify a parallel degree of 4 for each result set, it also completes successfully in about 20 minutes. However, when I specify that it should be run in parallel but don't specify a degree for each result set, it spawns 10 parallel servers and after a couple of minutes, bombs out from one of the parallel servers with:
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Hello
I've finally resolved this and the resolution was relatively simple - and was also the main thing that Mark Rittman said he did in his article: reduce the size of the hash join.
After querying v$sql_workarea_active I could see what was happening which was that the sum of the temp space for all of the parallel slaves was exceeding the total amount of temp space available on the system. When run in serial, it was virtually at the limit. I guess the extra was just the overhead for each slave maintaining it's own hash table.
I also made the mistake of misreading the exectuion plan - assuming that the data being pushed to the hash join was filtered to eliminate the data that was not of interest. Upon reflection, this was a rather stupid assumption on my part. Anyway, I used sub query factoring with the materialize hint to ensure that the hash join was only working on the data it should have been. This significantly reduced the size of the hash table and therefore the amount of temp space required.
I did speak to oracle support and they suggested using pga_aggregate_target rather than the separate *area_size parameters. I found that this had very little impact as the problem was related to the volume of data rather than whether it was being processed in memory or not. That said, I did try upping the hash_area_size for the session with some initial success, but ultimately it didn't prove to be scalable. We are however now using pga_aggregate_target in prod.
So that's that. Problem sorted. And as the title of Mark Rittman's article suggests, I was trying to be too clever! :-)
HTH
David

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Hi All,
We are trying to design an architecture that benefits from partitioning and parallel query to obtain the best query response times for our system.
Let me start by describing the main table which has five columns:
Columns:
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2) Text ------- CLOB of XML Content
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Create Table IndexTable
PARTITION BY RANGE (A_Month)
( PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN 1.1 ...
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN 2.1 ...
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A_Date is a LOCAL INDEX.
QUERY STRUCTURE:
My Query structure looks like this (for a 2 month query):
SELECT DocId from IndexTable WHERE
Contains (Text, 'BUSH and EARNINGS') > 0 AND
SCode in ('S1', 'S2', 'S3', 'S4') AND
A_Date Between '2006-01-15 11:00:00' AND '2006-03-15 11:00:00'
Order By DocId DESC;
QUESTIONS (THERE ARE THREE)
#### QUESTION 1 ####
As I examine various explain plans, the PSTART and PSTOP do not reflect consistency with my A_Date range. It seems to always display:
PStart PStop
RowId RowId
no matter what my A_Date range is.. I don't see it pruning my partitions. I cannot find documentation as to what RowId means or how it affects the optimizer's plan.
#### QUESTION 2 ####
I have tried parallelization hints on the table and indexes such as
/*+ PARALLEL( IndexTable, 4) */ and on the A_Date index
/*+ PARALLEL_INDEX( IndexTable, A_Date_Index, 4) */.
I can't really tell if the parallel hints make a difference.
However, the FIRST_ROWS hint makes a big difference if I nest the query inside a rownum clause as:
SELECT * from
( Select /+* first_rows */ ... WHERE CONTAINS... > 0 AND... )
Where ROWNUM <=20;
#### QUESTION 3 ####
I'm running close to the latest RedHat Linux and Oracle 10g2 and I have read about Parallel Slave Processes in Tom Kyte's Expert Oracle Architecture book in which he says you should see processes like:
ora...p000..
ora...p001..
ora...pnnn..
Which are the parallel slave processes. I have NEVER seen any oracle processes numbered as such running on my system when I run test queries. I have seen some q_ processes and others, but not the pnnn processes..
Can I benefit from parallel query without ever seeing these processes??
I Greatly Appreciate Any Advice To Any Of These Questions..
Joe

Well I can tell you this much. You will never get partition pruning if you don't have the partition key in the where clause.
I'm not sure about the parallel query. There was a time that this wasn't supported with Text indexes, but not sure if that still applies today.
In theory there are two levels of partitioning that can be defined that you may want to test out.
1st, range partition the base table and create a partitioned text index based on that. This is what you are currently doing.
2nd, in the storage preference for the $I table specify a range or hash partition (I've never tried this, but in theory it should work) on the token_text column. Try this out and see if it works.

Bex Query which uses Dynamic columns to display actuals

Hi Bex experts,
I have a query issue/question.
I currently have a Bex query which shows me the the planned values for each period, spanning 6 years into the future. My Key figure columns are defined as follows:
Value type = '020'
Version = mandatory variable, entered at execution.
Posting period (FISCPER3) = These columns are fixed values using periods 1 to 12 for each column.
Fiscal year (0FISCYEAR) = Each column contains SAP exit for current year, and using the offset +1, +2, +3, +4 etc, when I define the future years coulmns.
Currency = fixed 'USD'.
Fiscal year variant = fixed 'Z4'
The above works fine for plan data.
I want to now include is:
Seperate 'Dynamic columns' to show only actuals for period ranges from period one to the previous period (or current period minus 1). Each period should have it's own column for actuals.
The dynamic actuals columns should be grouped together to the left of the plan columns.
Actuals are only for current year, so I will still use the SAP EXIT for current year in the column definition.
Example: If I am currently in period 10, the query should show me actuals from period 1 to period 9 in seperate columns, then continue to show me my plan values columns that I have in place already.
How can I construct these actuals columns in to my existing query. If you have possible screens shots.
Thanks, and maximum points will be alotted.

The way I have approached this you may not like as it involves quite a bit of coding
12 CKFs
each CKF adds up 2 RKFs
So 24 RKFs
example Column 6 CKF
Adds Column 6 RKF Actual and Column 6 RKF Plan
Column 6 RKF Actual contains Actual version + key figure + Period variable column 6 Actual
Column 6 RKF Plan contains Plan version + key figure + Period Variable column 6 Plan
Period variable column 6 Actual
is a cmod variable which reads the entered date
if the period of entered date is LE 6
then return period 6 into "Period variable column 6 Actual"
else put 0 into "Period variable column 6 Actual"
Period variable column 6 Plan
is a cmod variable which reads the entered date
if the period of entered date is LE 6
then return period 0 into "Period variable column 6 Plan"
else put 6 into "Period variable column 6 Plan"
Now what happens is that if you enter period 6 in your selection screen all the Actuals of columns greater than 6 all have period 0 put into their selection so return 0 and all the columns less than or equal to 6 return the values for the fiscal period (ie column 1 gets period 1)
And in addition all the Plans columns return the value of their column ie for their period for those greater than 6 and for those less than 6 they all return 0
It's convulted - but you get the idea - and yes it works
There may be a better way to do it - and I am open to suggestions
(this does assume that NOTHING is posted to period 0 otherwise it won't work)

Parallel Query - which actions are possible?

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