Protected Inner Classes

Question

Having difficulty debugging the following:
pkg1;  public interface I1 { void method1(); }
pkg2:   import pgk1.*;
        public class C2
            protected int i2 = 2;
            protected class C2Inner1 implements I1
                public void method1()
                    { System.out.println("This is C2Inner1.method1."); }
pkg3:   import pgk1.*;
        import pgk2.*;
        class C3 extends C2
            I1 createC2Inner1()
                C3 z = new C3();             
                return z.new C2Inner1();                // Line 1
                //  return new C2Inner1();              // Line 2
                //  return new C3.C2Inner1();           // Line 3
                //  return new z.C2Inner1();            // Line 4
            public static void main(String[] args)
                C3 a = new C3();
                a.i2 = 3;                               // Line 5
                 I1 x = a.createC2Inner1();
                x.method1();
Line 5 runs okay, which indicates that my understanding of protected is ok.
Lines 1 through 4 all cause the same compile error:
    C2Inner1() has protected access in pkg2.C2.C2Inner1
When I change C2Inner1 access to public, Lines 1 through 4 each work okay.
Why can I access i2 but not C2Inner1 (i.e. when both protected)?  Is there
different syntax to handle this specific situation?
/*

Answer 1

this.new Inner() ?