Reading a string one character at a time

Hi,
I'm hoping you use SmallBasic for year 10 exam students at my school. But, I have found a problem I cannot solve.
I need to be able to read one character at a time from a string (txt file) and convert each char to its ACSII code.
How do to I read one char at a time from a string to enable processing?
Thanks for your help.
Baz

Here is an over the top solution that will display the Hex value of the character codes of every character in the file.
TextWindow.Write("Enter full file name: ")
filnam = TextWindow.Read()
contents = File.ReadContents(filnam) 'read the entire file
TextWindow.Clear()
TextWindow.WriteLine("File Name: " + filnam)
TextWindow.WriteLine("Offset: 0")
col = 0
row = 5
TextWindow.CursorLeft = col
TextWindow.CursorTop = row
For i= 1 To Text.GetLength(contents)
ch = Text.GetSubText(contents, i,1)
chVal = Text.GetCharacterCode(ch)
ConvertToHex()
TextWindow.CursorLeft = col
If chVal < 32 Then
TextWindow.Write(".")
Else
TextWindow.Write(ch)
EndIf
TextWindow.CursorLeft = 20 + 2 + (col * 3)
TextWindow.Write(Text.GetSubText(hexstr,1,2))
col = col + 1
If col = 8 Then
col = col + 1
EndIf
If col > 16 Then
col = 0
row = row + 1
If row > 20 then
TextWindow.CursorTop = 23
TextWindow.CursorLeft = 25
TextWindow.Write("< < < Press ENTER to Continue > > >")
TextWindow.Read()
TextWindow.Clear()
TextWindow.WriteLine("File Name: " + filnam)
TextWindow.WriteLine("Offset: " + i)
row = 5
EndIf
TextWindow.CursorTop = row
EndIf
EndFor
TextWindow.WriteLine("")
TextWindow.WriteLine("")
Sub ConvertToHex
HexValue[0] = "0"
HexValue[1] = "1"
HexValue[2] = "2"
HexValue[3] = "3"
HexValue[4] = "4"
HexValue[5] = "5"
HexValue[6] = "6"
HexValue[7] = "7"
HexValue[8] = "8"
HexValue[9] = "9"
HexValue[11] = "A"
HexValue[12] = "B"
HexValue[13] = "C"
HexValue[14] = "D"
HexValue[15] = "E"
val = chVal
hexstr = "h" 'Need to force Small basic to concatenate rather than add
While val > 0
hexPos = Math.Remainder(val, 16)
hexstr = HexValue[hexPos] + hexstr
val = Math.Floor(val / 16)
EndWhile
For hi = Text.GetLength(hexstr) To 2
hexstr = "0" + hexstr
EndFor
EndSub
Enjoy!

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Hello
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lava wrote:
I wish to read from a text file in a for loop and that on every iteration i read one charachter and proceed to the next one.
can anyone help me?
Some additional comments:
You really don't want to read any file one character at a time, because it is highly inefficient. More typically, you read the entire file into memory with one operation (or at least a large chunk, if the file is gigantic) and then do the rest of the operations in memory. One easy way to analyze it one byte at a time would be to use "string to byte array" and then autoindex into a FOR loop, for example.
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Message Edited by altenbach on 06-10-2008 08:57 AM
LabVIEW Champion . Do more with less code and in less time .

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I just grabbed this off of google. I am presuming this should work fine. It has been sometime since we implemented ours that I forget if there were any additional modifications that we made. I think there was one regarding the size of the string that could be handled. I forget precisely. Anyways... take a peek at it. Its makes things easy in that your logic is pretty streamlined.
Barry C
http://www.myoracleportal.com
create or replace PACKAGE PS_Parse
IS
     || PL/SQL table structures to hold atomics retrieved by parse_string.
     || This includes the table type definition, a table (though you can
     || declare your own as well, and an empty table, which you can use
     || to clear out your table which contains atomics.
     TYPE atoms_tabtype IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(60) INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
     atoms_table atoms_tabtype;
     empty_atoms_table atoms_tabtype;
     || The standard list of delimiters. You can over-ride these with
     || your own list when you call the procedures and functions below.
     || This list is a pretty standard set of delimiters, though.
     std_delimiters VARCHAR2 (50) := ' !@#$%^&*()-_=+\|`~{{]};:''",<.>/?';
     /* Display contents of table using DBMS_OUTPUT */
     PROCEDURE display_atomics
          (table_in IN atoms_tabtype, num_rows_in IN NUMBER);
     || The parse_string procedure: I provide two, overloaded definitions.
     || The first version puts all atomics into a PL/SQL table and would
     || be used in a PL/SQL Version 2 environment. The second version places
     || all atomics into a string, separating each atomic by a vertical bar.
     || (My code does NOT do any special handling when it finds a "|" in
     || the string. You have to deal with that when you extract the atomics.
     ||
     || See the program definition for more details on other parameters.
     PROCEDURE parse_string
          (string_in IN VARCHAR2,
          atomics_list_out OUT atoms_tabtype,
          num_atomics_out IN OUT NUMBER,
          delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters);
     PROCEDURE parse_string
          (string_in IN VARCHAR2,
          atomics_list_out IN OUT VARCHAR2,
          num_atomics_out IN OUT NUMBER,
          delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters);
     /* Count the number of atomics in a string */
     FUNCTION number_of_atomics
          (string_in IN VARCHAR2,
          count_type_in IN VARCHAR2 := 'ALL',
          delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
     RETURN INTEGER;
     /* Return the Nth atomic in the string */
     FUNCTION nth_atomic
          (string_in IN VARCHAR2,
          nth_in IN NUMBER,
          count_type_in IN VARCHAR2 := 'ALL',
          delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
     RETURN VARCHAR2;
END PS_Parse;
create or replace PACKAGE BODY PS_Parse
IS
/* Package variables used repeatedly throughout the body. */
len_string     NUMBER;
start_loc     NUMBER;
next_loc     NUMBER;
|| Since the PUT_LINE procedure regards a string of one or more
|| spaces as NULL, it will not display a space, which is in
|| PS_Parse a valid atomic. So I save a_blank in the PL/SQL
|| table instead of the space itself.
a_blank CONSTANT VARCHAR2(3) := '" "';
/*--------------------- Private Modules ---------------------------
|| The following functions are available only to other modules in
|| package. No user of PS_Parse can see or use these functions.
FUNCTION a_delimiter
(character_in IN VARCHAR2,
delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
RETURN BOOLEAN
|| Returns TRUE if the character passsed into the function is found
|| in the list of delimiters.
IS
BEGIN
RETURN INSTR (delimiters_in, character_in) > 0;
END;
FUNCTION string_length (string_in IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN INTEGER
IS
BEGIN
RETURN LENGTH (LTRIM (RTRIM (string_in)));
END;
FUNCTION next_atom_loc
(string_in IN VARCHAR2,
start_loc_in IN NUMBER,
scan_increment_in IN NUMBER := +1)
|| The next_atom_loc function returns the location
|| in the string of the starting point of the next atomic (from the
|| start location). The function scans forward if scan_increment_in is
|| +1, otherwise it scans backwards through the string. Here is the
|| logic to determine when the next atomic starts:
||
||          1. If current atomic is a delimiter (if, that is, the character
||               at the start_loc_in of the string is a delimiter), then the
||               the next character starts the next atomic since all
||               delimiters are a single character in length.
||
||          2. If current atomic is a word (if, that is, the character
||               at the start_loc_in of the string is a delimiter), then the
||               next atomic starts at the next delimiter. Any letters or
||               numbers in between are part of the current atomic.
||
|| So I loop through the string a character at a time and apply these
|| tests. I also have to check for end of string. If I scan forward
|| the end of string comes when the SUBSTR which pulls out the next
|| character returns NULL. If I scan backward, then the end of the
|| string comes when the location is less than 0.
RETURN NUMBER
IS
/* Boolean variable which uses private function to determine
|| if the current character is a delimiter or not.
was_a_delimiter BOOLEAN :=
PS_Parse.a_delimiter (SUBSTR (string_in, start_loc_in, 1));
/* If not a delimiter, then it was a word. */
was_a_word BOOLEAN := NOT was_a_delimiter;
/* The next character scanned in the string */
          next_char VARCHAR2(1);
|| The value returned by the function. This location is the start
|| of the next atomic found. Initialize it to next character,
|| forward or backward depending on increment.
return_value NUMBER := start_loc_in + scan_increment_in;
BEGIN
LOOP
-- Extract the next character.
next_char := SUBSTR (string_in, return_value, 1);
-- Exit the loop if:
EXIT WHEN
/* On a delimiter, since that is always an atomic */
a_delimiter (next_char)
OR
/* Was a delimiter, but am now in a word. */
(was_a_delimiter AND NOT a_delimiter (next_char))
OR
/* Reached end of string scanning forward. */
next_char IS NULL
OR
/* Reached beginning of string scanning backward. */
return_value < 0;
/* Shift return_value to move the next character. */
return_value := return_value + scan_increment_in;
END LOOP;
-- If the return_value is negative, return 0, else the return_value
RETURN GREATEST (return_value, 0);
END;
PROCEDURE increment_counter
(counter_inout IN OUT NUMBER,
count_type_in IN VARCHAR2,
atomic_in IN CHAR)
|| The increment_counter procedure is used by nth_atomic and
|| number_of_atomics to add to the count of of atomics. Since you
|| can request a count by ALL atomics, just the WORD atomics or
|| just the DELIMITER atomics. I use the a_delimiter function to
|| decide whether I should add to the counter. This is not a terribly
|| complex procedure. I bury this logic into a separate module,
however,
|| to make it easier to read and debug the main body of the programs.
IS
BEGIN
IF count_type_in = 'ALL' OR
(count_type_in = 'WORD' AND NOT a_delimiter (atomic_in)) OR
(count_type_in = 'DELIMITER' AND a_delimiter (atomic_in))
THEN
counter_inout := counter_inout + 1;
END IF;
END increment_counter;
/* ------------------------- Public Modules -----------------------*/
PROCEDURE display_atomics
(table_in IN atoms_tabtype, num_rows_in IN NUMBER)
|| Program to dump out contents of table. Notice I must also pass in
|| the number of rows in the table so that I know when to stop the
|| loop. Otherwise I will raise a NO_DATA_FOUND exception. For a more
|| elaborate display_table module, see Chapter 7 on PL/SQL tables.
IS
BEGIN
FOR table_row IN 1 .. num_rows_in
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (NVL (table_in (table_row), 'NULL'));
END LOOP;
END;
PROCEDURE parse_string
(string_in IN VARCHAR2,
atomics_list_out OUT atoms_tabtype,
num_atomics_out IN OUT NUMBER,
delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
|| Version of parse_string which stores the list of atomics
|| in a PL/SQL table.
||
|| Parameters:
||          string_in - the string to be parsed.
||          atomics_list_out - the table of atomics.
||          num_atomics_out - the number of atomics found.
||          delimiters_in - the set of delimiters used in parse.
IS
BEGIN
/* Initialize variables. */
num_atomics_out := 0;
len_string := string_length (string_in);
IF len_string IS NOT NULL
THEN
|| Only scan the string if made of something more than blanks.
|| Start at first non-blank character. Remember: INSTR returns 0
|| if a space is not found. Stop scanning if at end of string.
start_loc := LEAST (1, INSTR (string_in, ' ') + 1);
WHILE start_loc <= len_string
LOOP
|| Find the starting point of the NEXT atomic. Go ahead and
|| increment counter for the number of atomics. Then have to
|| actually pull out the atomic. Two cases to consider:
||          1. Last atomic goes to end of string.
||          2. The atomic is a single blank. Use special constant.
||          3. Anything else.
next_loc := next_atom_loc (string_in, start_loc);
num_atomics_out := num_atomics_out + 1;
IF next_loc > len_string
THEN
-- Atomic is all characters right to the end of the string.
atomics_list_out (num_atomics_out) :=
SUBSTR (string_in, start_loc);
ELSE
|| Internal atomic. If RTRIMs to NULL, have a blank
|| Use special-case string to stuff a " " in the table.
atomics_list_out (num_atomics_out) :=
NVL (RTRIM (SUBSTR (string_in,
start_loc, next_loc-start_loc)),
                                   a_blank);
END IF;
-- Move starting point of scan for next atomic.
start_loc := next_loc;
END LOOP;
END IF;
END parse_string;
PROCEDURE parse_string
(string_in IN VARCHAR2,
atomics_list_out IN OUT VARCHAR2,
num_atomics_out IN OUT NUMBER,
delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
|| The version of parse_string which writes the atomics out to a packed
|| list in the format "|A|,|C|". I do not repeat any of the comments
|| from the first iteration of parse_string.
IS
BEGIN
/* Initialize variables */
num_atomics_out := 0;
atomics_list_out := NULL;
len_string := string_length (string_in);
IF len_string IS NOT NULL
THEN
start_loc := LEAST (1, INSTR (string_in, ' ') + 1);
WHILE start_loc <= len_string
LOOP
next_loc := next_atom_loc (string_in, start_loc);
num_atomics_out := num_atomics_out + 1;
IF next_loc > len_string
THEN
atomics_list_out := atomics_list_out || '|' ||
SUBSTR (string_in, start_loc);
ELSE
atomics_list_out :=
atomics_list_out || '|' ||
NVL (RTRIM (SUBSTR (string_in,
start_loc, next_loc-start_loc)),
                                   a_blank);
END IF;
start_loc := next_loc;
END LOOP;
/* Apply terminating delimiter to the string. */
atomics_list_out := atomics_list_out || '|' ;
END IF;
END parse_string;
FUNCTION number_of_atomics
(string_in IN VARCHAR2,
count_type_in IN VARCHAR2 := 'ALL',
delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
RETURN INTEGER
|| Counts the number of atomics in the string_in. You can specify the
|| type of count you want: ALL for all atomics, WORD to count only the
|| words and DELIMITER to count only the delimiters. You can optionally
|| pass your own set of delimiters into the function.
IS
return_value INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
/* Initialize variables. */
len_string := string_length (string_in);
IF len_string IS NOT NULL
THEN
|| This loop is much simpler than parse_string. Call the
|| next_atom_loc to move to the next atomic and increment the
|| counter if appropriate. Everything complicated is shifted into
|| sub-programs so that you can read the program "top-down",
|| understand it layer by layer.
start_loc := LEAST (1, INSTR (string_in, ' ') + 1);
WHILE start_loc <= len_string
LOOP
increment_counter (return_value, UPPER (count_type_in),
SUBSTR (string_in, start_loc, 1));
start_loc := next_atom_loc (string_in, start_loc);
END LOOP;
END IF;
RETURN return_value;
END number_of_atomics;
FUNCTION nth_atomic
(string_in IN VARCHAR2,
nth_in IN NUMBER,
count_type_in IN VARCHAR2 := 'ALL',
delimiters_in IN VARCHAR2 := std_delimiters)
RETURN VARCHAR2
|| Find and return the nth atomic in a string. If nth_in is greater
|| the number of atomics, then return NULL. If nth_in is negative the
|| function counts from the back of the string. You can again request
|| a retrieval by ALL atomics, just the WORDs or just the DELIMITER.
|| So you can ask for the third atomic, or the second word from the end
|| of the string. You can pass your own list of delimiters as well.
IS
/* Local copy of string. Supports up to 1000 characters. */
local_string VARCHAR2 (1000) :=
LTRIM (RTRIM (SUBSTR (string_in, 1, 1000)));
/* Running count of atomics so far counted. */
atomic_count NUMBER := 1;
/* Boolean variable which controls the looping logic. */
still_scanning BOOLEAN :=
local_string IS NOT NULL AND nth_in != 0;
/* The amount by which I increment the counter. */
scan_increment INTEGER;
/* Return value of function, maximum length of 100 characters. */
return_value VARCHAR2 (100):= NULL;
BEGIN
IF nth_in = 0
THEN
/* Not much to do here. Find 0th atomic? */
RETURN NULL;
ELSE
/* Initialize the loop variables. */
len_string := string_length (local_string);
IF nth_in > 0
THEN
/* Start at first non-blank character and scan forward. */
next_loc := 1;
scan_increment := 1;
ELSE
/* Start at last non-blank character and scan backward. */
next_loc := len_string;
scan_increment := -1;
END IF;
/* Loop through the string until the Boolean is FALSE. */
WHILE still_scanning
LOOP
/* Move start of scan in string to loc of last atomic. */
start_loc := next_loc;
/* Find the starting point of the next atomic. */
next_loc      :=
next_atom_loc (local_string, start_loc, scan_increment);
/* Increment the count of atomics. */
increment_counter
(atomic_count,
UPPER (count_type_in),
SUBSTR (local_string, start_loc, 1));
|| Keep scanning if my count hasn't exceeded the request
|| and I am neither at the beginning nor end of the string.
still_scanning :=
atomic_count <= ABS (nth_in) AND
next_loc <= len_string AND
next_loc >= 1;
END LOOP;
|| Done with the loop. If my count has not exceeded the requested
|| amount, then there weren't enough atomics in the string to
|| satisfy the request.
IF atomic_count <= ABS (nth_in)
THEN
RETURN NULL;
ELSE
|| I need to extract the atomic from the string. If scanning
|| forward, then I start at start_loc and SUBSTR forward.
|| If I am scanning backwards, I start at next_loc+1 (next_loc
|| is the starting point of the NEXT atomic and I want the
|| current one) and SUBSTR forward (when scanning in
|| reverse, next_loc comes before start_loc in the string.
IF scan_increment = +1
THEN
RETURN
SUBSTR (local_string, start_loc, next_loc - start_loc);
ELSE
RETURN
SUBSTR (local_string, next_loc+1, start_loc - next_loc);
END IF;
END IF;
END IF;
END nth_atomic;
END PS_Parse;
/

Utility to send text file over GPIB, one line at a time?

We are developing instrumentation that receives data and commmands over GPIB as plain text, and returns them as well. I'd like to create GPIB "batch" files and send them over the bus, one line at a time, so I can debug the instruments' behavior. I'd also like to be able to read back responses, one line at a time.
Is there such a utility? I've got our programmer working on something like this, but I'd hate to have him re-invent an existing wheel.
Thanks!

Apart from NI-SPY, I have not heard of such a utility. This may be simple to implement using proper termination. If the instrument is capable of sending line feeds or carriage return, you should be able to easily create a document. Also, using IBWRTF, you could write the ASCII file (containing the termination characters) to the bus. Depending on how you have your timeouts specified, this may be ideal.
Alternately, if you read a static amount of data, you could IBRD chunks of data. the result may need editing for broken words at the end of a line but would achieve such a result.
Ryan Mosley
National Instruments, Applications Engineer
http://www.ni.com/exchange

Reading a string one character at a time

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