Reading from java.nio.SocketChannel
Hi guys,
can anyone tell me how can i read from a SocketChannel a certain number of bytes instead reading whole buffer.
The only method that i find is to have multiple ByteBuffer and allocate them the number of bytes that i want to read.
Ex.
An client send me 20 bytes.
I want to read 1 first , 9 second and last the rest.
i do something like that :
ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1);
ByteBuffer b2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(9);
ByteBuffer b3 = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);and then read in eatch buffer.
Is there another way to read using only one buffer .
Thank's
Danny
The main idea behind buffers is max reuse of objects (therefore minimal calls to the Garbage Collector). You should only need one for reading.
When reading from a SocketChannel, it just fills up whatever buffer you give it as full as it can. (Could be one byte, could be a million, doesn't matter, don't be concerned) Then, you can just flip the buffer, read the data to wherever, reset it and it's good to go again. If you find yourself concerned with how many bytes you've read (unless you want to explicitly keep track for some reason like display purposes), you are immediately on the wrong path, as the SocketChannel/Buffer combination will take care of this for you.
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Hi everybody!
Can anyone tell me, how I can call the Acrobat Reader from Java, open a pdf-document and make a snapshot fo the first page?
I have to create an Image file of a page of a pdf-file.
I already tried pdfbox and iText, both do not work.
So using Acrobat seems to be the best solution, from my point of view.
Any suggestions?
Thx in Advance!
StefJeah, I did, but nothing usefull there.
Perhaps it is possible to open a pdf and save a sanpashot of one page as an image using commandline or jscript?
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Stef -
Unable to read from Java MQ Queue in Unix
Hi,
I developed a small application that uses a scheduler as an input to a jcd. Once invoked, the jcd reads from a Java MQ queue and writes the result to the log.
I developed the application on CAPS 6 in Solaris 10.
We are however unable to read from the queue in Unix. The code returns an empty queue, even though the queue does have messages in it. Below is the code in the jcd used to read from the queue:
int recCount = 0;
+while (true) {+
com.stc.connectors.jms.Message txtMsg = JMS_1.receiveNoWait();
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Where to place text file in Jdeveloper9irc to read from Java program
For ex.
package mypackage;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadData
public ReadData()
public static void main(String[] args)
new ReadData();
try{
File fin = new File("test.txt");
if (fin.canRead())
System.out.println("Can read file");
I am geting a error message of file not found. Please advise
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Thanks,
agspThe test.txt file should be in the 'Run Directory" of your Project. Select Project.jpr and invoke Project settings dialog.
Click on the Runner. You will see the "Run Directory" edit field.
For ex.
package mypackage;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadData
public ReadData()
public static void main(String[] args)
new ReadData();
try{
File fin = new File("test.txt");
if (fin.canRead())
System.out.println("Can read file");
I am geting a error message of file not found. Please advise
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Thanks,
agsp -
Using ByteBuffer from java.nio package
Hi,
I have a java.nio.ByteBuffer object that is returned from the C++ code, created using NewDirectByteBuffer. I would like to use this ByteBuffer object in my java code to create a WritableRaster object. I would like to avoid an array copy here as the data may be huge.
Could someone please let me know if there is a solution to this?
Thanks in advance for any help.Warning: I know almost nothing about the java.awt.image package - so please take what Im going to suggest as the throw away, off the top of my head random rambling that it is......
Could you implement a custom DataBuffer which sits on top of a NIO ByteBuffer? Already, custom DataBuffers provide access for certain data types (e.g. theres a DataBufferByte, DataBufferDouble which wrap arrays) - so I guess you could write a NIODataBufferByte - or what ever - which sits on top of a ByteBuffer.
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Hopefully someone who knows this stuff will come across this thread and actually give you some decent advice :o)
~D -
Reading from java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
Hi,
I have java.io.ByteArrayInputStream buffer with bytes and I need to read from it and direct bytes into OutputStream. So, what is more effective:
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or
- use int read(byte b[], int off, int len) method which use native array copy System.arraycopy(buf, pos, b, off, len);
What do you think?
So, If I will use the second approach, what size of byte array, which is the first param in read method, must be?
As I see, the class java.io.ByteArrayInputStream dosen't have method size() and I can't know the size of the buffer in order to use it as array size.Give it any size you want.
Then use
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So what size should you want? Well, how long is the data likely to be,
and how many reads would you like to make.
Hint: somewhere between 128 bytes and 4096 bytes is probably fine. -
Read file with nio and flush with servlet
Can I read file, by using java.nio (for example by FileInputStream.getChannel()) and then flush the file content thru the servlet?
I kwow about reading without java.nio, get a byte array and then flush it by httpservletresponse writer or outputstream, but I wish to know if it is possibile with java.nio reading.
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protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
FileInputStream fis = null;
try
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fis = new FileInputStream(path);
FileChannel channel = fis.getChannel();
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NIO Non-Blocking Server not Reading from Key
I have created a NIO non blocking server (below) and it will not pick up any input from the client.... My log doesnt even show that it enters the readKey() method, so it must be something before. Any help would be appreciated.
Scott
package jamb.server;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import java.util.prefs.Preferences;
import jamb.server.client.Client;
public class Server {
private Selector selector;
private ServerSocketChannel serverChannel;
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("jamb.server");
private static Preferences prefs = Preferences.systemRoot().node("/jamb/server");
public void init() {
logger.entering("jamb.server.Server", "init");
//Get a selector...
try {
selector = SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();
//Open the SocketChannel and make it non-blocking...
serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//Bind the server to the port....
int port = prefs.getInt("Port", 4000);
logger.config("Server configured on port " + port + " (default: 4000)");
InetSocketAddress isa = new InetSocketAddress(
InetAddress.getLocalHost(), port);
serverChannel.socket().bind(isa);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
logger.severe ("IOException during server initialization!");
logger.exiting("jamb.server.Server", "init");
public void run() {
logger.entering("jamb.server.Server", "run");
int bufferSize = prefs.getInt("BufferSize", 8);
logger.config("Buffer size set to " + bufferSize + " (default: 8)");
SelectionKey acceptKey = null;
try {
acceptKey = serverChannel.register(
selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
} catch (ClosedChannelException cce) {
try {
while (acceptKey.selector().select() > 0) {
Set readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator i = readyKeys.iterator();
while (i.hasNext()) {
//logger.finest("Processing keys...");
//Get the key from the set and remove it
SelectionKey currentKey = (SelectionKey) i.next();
i.remove();
if (currentKey.isAcceptable()) {
logger.finest("Accepting key...");
acceptKey(currentKey);
} else if (currentKey.isReadable()) {
logger.finest("Reading key...");
readKey(currentKey, bufferSize);
} else if (currentKey.isWritable()) {
//logger.finest("Writing key...");
writeKey(currentKey);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
logger.warning("IOException during key handling!");
logger.exiting("jamb.server.Server", "run");
public void flushClient (Client client) {
try {
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap( client.getOutputBuffer().toString().getBytes());
client.getChannel().write(buf);
} catch (IOException ioe) {
System.out.println ("Error writing to player");
client.setOutputBuffer(new StringBuffer());
private void acceptKey (SelectionKey acceptKey) {
logger.entering("jamb.server.Server", "acceptKey");
//Retrieve a SocketChannel for the new client, and register a new selector with
//read/write interests, and then register
try {
SocketChannel channel = ((ServerSocketChannel) acceptKey.channel()).accept();
channel.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey readKey = channel.register(
selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ|SelectionKey.OP_WRITE );
readKey.attach(new Client(this, channel));
} catch (IOException ioe) {
System.out.println ("Error accepting key");
logger.exiting("jamb.server.Server", "acceptKey");
private void readKey (SelectionKey readKey, int bufSize) {
logger.entering("jamb.server.Server", "readKey");
Client client = (Client) readKey.attachment();
try {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufSize);
int nbytes = client.getChannel().read( byteBuffer );
byteBuffer.flip();
Charset charset = Charset.forName( "us-ascii" );
CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
CharBuffer charBuffer = decoder.decode(byteBuffer);
String text = charBuffer.toString();
client.getInputBuffer().append(text);
if ( text.indexOf( "\n" ) >= 0 )
client.input();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
logger.warning("Unexpected quit...");
client.disconnect();
logger.exiting("jamb.server.Server", "readKey");
private void writeKey (SelectionKey writeKey) {
//logger.entering("jamb.server.Server", "writeKey");
Client client = (Client) writeKey.attachment();
if (!client.isConnected()) {
client.connect();
//logger.exiting("jamb.server.Server", "writeKey");From my own expierence with the NIO (Under Windows XP/ jdk1.4.1_01); you can't seem to set READ and WRITE at the same time.
The program flow I usually end up with for a echo server is:
When the selector.isAcceptable(): accept a connection; register for READs
In the read event; write the incoming characters to a buffer; register for a WRITE and add the buffer as an attachment.
In the write event; write the data to the socket If all the data was written; register for a READ; otherwise register for another WRITE so that you can write the rest.
Not sure if that the "proper" way; but it works well for me.
- Chris -
Converting from CP1252 (Windows) to ISO 8859-1 doesn't work with java.nio?
Hi
I'm trying to write some code that checks whether an InputStream contains only characters with a given encoding. I'm using java.nio for that. For tests, I downloaded some character set examples from http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/csettables.html
When creating the CharsetDecoder, I want to get all errors:
Charset charset = Charset.forName( encoding );
CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
decoder.onMalformedInput( CodingErrorAction.REPORT );
decoder.onUnmappableCharacter( CodingErrorAction.REPORT );I then read an InputStream and try to convert it. If that fails, it can't contain the desired encoding:
boolean isWellEncoded = true;
ByteBuffer inBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate( 1024 );
ReadableByteChannel channel = Channels.newChannel( inputStream );
while ( channel.read( inBuffer ) != -1 )
CharBuffer decoded = null;
try
inBuffer.flip();
decoded = decoder.decode( inBuffer );
catch ( MalformedInputException ex )
isWellEncoded = false;
catch ( UnmappableCharacterException ex )
isWellEncoded = false;
catch ( CharacterCodingException ex )
isWellEncoded = false;
if ( decoded != null )
LOG.debug( decoded.toString() );
if ( !isWellEncoded )
break;
inBuffer.compact();
channel.close();
return isWellEncoded;Now I want to check whether a file containing Windows 1252 characters is ISO-8859-1. From my point of view, the code above should fail when it gets to the Euro symbol (decimal 128), since that's not defined in ISO-8859-1.
But all I get is a ? character instead:
(}) 125 07/13 175 7D RIGHT CURLY BRACKET, RIGHT BRACE
(~) 126 07/14 176 7E TILDE
[?] 128 08/00 200 80 EURO SYMBOL
[?] 130 08/02 202 82 LOW 9 SINGLE QUOTEI also tried to replace the faulty character, using
decoder.onUnmappableCharacter( CodingErrorAction.REPLACE );
decoder.replaceWith("!");but I still get the question marks.
I'm probably doing something fundamentally wrong, but I dont get it :-)
Any help is greatly appreciated!
EricAs a suggestion....create a complete example demonstrating the problem. It shouldn't have channel in it since that wouldn't appear to be the problem (decoding is.) You should create the byte array in the example code - populate it with the byte sequence that you think should work. And your code should then demonstrate that it doesn't. Then post that.
-
Non-blocking Vectored read from SocketChannel fails
Hi.
Please look at the code example:
ByteBuffer tmp1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(500);
ByteBuffer tmp2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(500);
ByteBuffer[] tmp = {tmp1, tmp2};
while ((count = socketChannel.read(tmp)) > 0) {
+ "bytes.");
When I run this code, (using non-blocking socket channel), the first buffer is read ok, but on the second round of the while loop, I get an IOException, saying: "a non blocking socket operation could not be completed immediately".
If I put 'tmp1' instead of 'tmp' in the read(), (i.e - use a normal buffer), the read successfully finishes.
Why?
I found nothing in the documentation, and in the 'Java NIO' book (Ron Hitchens).
Help?
Thanks.Please ignore the + "bytes."); inside the while.
-
Hello,
I just started to learn the java.nio package so I decided to make a simple Echo server. I made a client which reads a line from the keyboard, sends it to the server and the server returns it. It all works except one little detail. Here's little code from the server:
int n = client.read(buffer);
if ( n > 0)
buffer.flip();
client.write(buffer);
Charset charset = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
charBuffer = decoder.decode(buffer);
System.out.println(charBuffer.toString());
buffer.clear();
}So that works, I send the data and then I receive it back. But only for the client. I also wanted the server to print the line which is the reason for the charset and the decoder. The above code however prints only a blank line. Thus I tried this:
int n = client.read(buffer);
if ( n > 0)
buffer.flip();
Charset charset = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
charBuffer = decoder.decode(buffer);
System.out.println(charBuffer.toString());
client.write(buffer);
buffer.clear();
}Or in other words I just moved the write() part downwards. So far so good, now the server was actually printing the lines that the client was sending but nothing was sent back to the client.
The question is how to make both, the send back line and the print line on the server side to work as intended. Also a little explanation why the events described above are happening is going to be more than welcome :)
Thanks in advance!Strike notice
A number of the regular posters here are striking in protest at the poor
management of these forums. Although it is our unpaid efforts which make the
forums function, the Sun employees responsible for them seem to regard us as
contemptible. We hope that this strike will enable them to see the value
which we provide to Sun. Apologies to unsuspecting innocents caught up in
the cross-fire. -
NIO SocketChannel non-blocking read
Hello.
I'm not sure a resembling message has already been posted in a forum. In such a case, thanks for redirecting to it.
Goals :
A selector is used by a main server thread to make accept and read operations non-blocking.
When a connection is accepted, the newly created socket channel is configured as non-blocking, and a key is added to the selector with the OP_READ flag.
When data are available on sockets, a new task (runnable) is created and submitted to a thread pool.
When a thread is ready to process the request, a pre-allocated bytebuffer is used to read arriving data.
The problem :
When the bytebuffer capacity is less than the received bytes count, the read method on the socket channel interrupts the selector on the same selection key. In response to this event, a new task is initiated, interferring with the previous one.
As expected according to my concurrency policy (ie. with a pool of threads), several requests are processed by parallel threads. To avoid unsafe accesses, i added a synchronized statement on the channel blocking lock, and it seems to works fine. But a better way should exist...
Questions :
Is this the expected behavior ?
Is there any other way to read received data with a small buffer ?
The full copy of the source code :
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.nio.channels.spi.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import net.moon.threads.*;
public class Nio1 {
static class Request {
boolean isCompleted = false;
int inputs = 0;
Set workers = new HashSet();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte p = 0;
boolean isCompleted() {
return isCompleted;
void countInput() {
inputs++;
void append(final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
if (isCompleted)
throw new IllegalStateException("Request is already completed");
workers.add(Thread.currentThread());
while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
byte b = byteBuffer.get();
baos.write(b);
if ((b == '\r') && (p == '\n'))
isCompleted = true;
p = b;
int inputs() {
return inputs;
Thread[] workers() {
return (Thread[]) workers.toArray(new Thread[0]);
int size() {
return baos.size();
byte[] getData() {
return baos.toByteArray();
void reset() {
isCompleted = false;
inputs = 0;
baos.reset();
workers.clear();
static private class RequestTask implements Runnable {
private final static Charset charset = Charset.forName("US-ASCII");
private final Server server;
private final SelectionKey selectionKey;
RequestTask(final Server server, final SelectionKey selectionKey) {
this.server = server;
this.selectionKey = selectionKey;
public void run() {
log("*** Processing input...");
try {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
synchronized(channel.blockingLock()) {
Request request = (Request) selectionKey.attachment();
request.countInput();
State state = getState();
log("Reading first...");
int c = channel.read(state.byteBuffer);
log("... Read first : " + c);
if (c > 0) {
for(;;) {
state.byteBuffer.flip();
request.append(state.byteBuffer);
state.byteBuffer.clear();
if (c < state.byteBuffer.capacity()) break;
log("Reading next...");
c = channel.read(state.byteBuffer);
log("... Read next : " + c);
if (c <= 0) break;
if (request.isCompleted()) {
log("Request completed : " + request.inputs());
StringBuffer bodyBuffer = new StringBuffer();
bodyBuffer.append("-----------------------------\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("Request processed in " + request.inputs() + " inputs\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("Request size is " + request.size() + " bytes\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("Participating workers :\r\n");
Thread[] workers = request.workers();
for (int i = 0; i < workers.length; i++)
bodyBuffer.append(" * " + workers[i] + "\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("-----------------------------\r\n");
StringBuffer headerBuffer = new StringBuffer();
headerBuffer.append("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("Server: NIO Server 1\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("Content-Type: text/plain\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("Content-Length: ").append(request.size() + bodyBuffer.length()).append("\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("\r\n");
CharsetEncoder encoder = charset.newEncoder();
channel.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(headerBuffer)));
channel.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(bodyBuffer)));
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(request.getData()));
request.reset();
if (c < 0) {
selectionKey.attach(null);
selectionKey.cancel();
log("!!! Connection terminated for channel " + channel);
catch(final Exception x) {
x.printStackTrace();
log("*** Request processed...");
private State getState() {
State state = (State) server.taskManager.getCurrentWorkerState();
if (state == null) {
state = new State();
server.taskManager.setCurrentWorkerState(state);
else {
state.byteBuffer.clear();
return state;
private void log(final String text) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " : " + text);
static class State {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(32);
static private class Server implements Runnable {
private final int port;
private Thread worker;
private FIFOTaskManager taskManager;
Server(final int port) {
this.port = port;
worker = null;
synchronized void start() throws Exception {
if (worker == null) {
log("Starting the server...");
taskManager = new FIFOTaskManager("Nio1Workers", 24);
worker = new Thread(this);
worker.start();
synchronized(worker) {
try {
worker.wait();
catch(InterruptedException x) {
log("Server started !");
public void run() {
try {
log("Server is starting...");
Selector selector = SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();
log("Creating listener on port " + port);
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(port);
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);
SelectionKey selectionKey = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
synchronized(worker) {
worker.notify();
while (selector.select() >= 0) {
Set readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
log("Keys are ready : " + readyKeys.size());
for (Iterator i = readyKeys.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
SelectionKey selectedKey = (SelectionKey) i.next();
if (selectedKey.isAcceptable()) {
ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) selectedKey.channel();
SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
sc.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey sk = sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
sk.attach(new Request());
log("Connection accepted for channel " + sc);
else if (selectedKey.isReadable()) {
log("Key ready for input : " + selectedKey);
taskManager.execute(new RequestTask(this, selectedKey));
i.remove();
readyKeys = null;
log("Server loop interrupted !");
catch(Exception x) {
x.printStackTrace();
private void log(final String text) {
System.out.println("SERVER: " + text);
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
Server server = new Server(9001);
server.start();Thanks for the trick. I hope the code will be more readable than my sockets !
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.nio.channels.spi.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import net.moon.threads.*;
public class Nio1 {
static class Request {
boolean isCompleted = false;
int inputs = 0;
Set workers = new HashSet();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte p = 0;
boolean isCompleted() {
return isCompleted;
void countInput() {
inputs++;
void append(final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
if (isCompleted)
throw new IllegalStateException("Request is already completed");
workers.add(Thread.currentThread());
while (byteBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
byte b = byteBuffer.get();
baos.write(b);
if ((b == '\r') && (p == '\n'))
isCompleted = true;
p = b;
int inputs() {
return inputs;
Thread[] workers() {
return (Thread[]) workers.toArray(new Thread[0]);
int size() {
return baos.size();
byte[] getData() {
return baos.toByteArray();
void reset() {
isCompleted = false;
inputs = 0;
baos.reset();
workers.clear();
static private class RequestTask implements Runnable {
private final static Charset charset = Charset.forName("US-ASCII");
private final Server server;
private final SelectionKey selectionKey;
RequestTask(final Server server, final SelectionKey selectionKey) {
this.server = server;
this.selectionKey = selectionKey;
public void run() {
log("*** Processing input...");
try {
SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
synchronized(channel.blockingLock()) {
Request request = (Request) selectionKey.attachment();
request.countInput();
State state = getState();
log("Reading first...");
int c = channel.read(state.byteBuffer);
log("... Read first : " + c);
if (c > 0) {
for(;;) {
state.byteBuffer.flip();
request.append(state.byteBuffer);
state.byteBuffer.clear();
if (c < state.byteBuffer.capacity()) break;
log("Reading next...");
c = channel.read(state.byteBuffer);
log("... Read next : " + c);
if (c <= 0) break;
if (request.isCompleted()) {
log("Request completed : " + request.inputs());
StringBuffer bodyBuffer = new StringBuffer();
bodyBuffer.append("-----------------------------\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("Request processed in " + request.inputs() + " inputs\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("Request size is " + request.size() + " bytes\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("Participating workers :\r\n");
Thread[] workers = request.workers();
for (int i = 0; i < workers.length; i++)
bodyBuffer.append(" * " + workers[i] + "\r\n");
bodyBuffer.append("-----------------------------\r\n");
StringBuffer headerBuffer = new StringBuffer();
headerBuffer.append("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("Server: NIO Server 1\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("Content-Type: text/plain\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("Content-Length: ").append(request.size() + bodyBuffer.length()).append("\r\n");
headerBuffer.append("\r\n");
CharsetEncoder encoder = charset.newEncoder();
channel.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(headerBuffer)));
channel.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(bodyBuffer)));
channel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(request.getData()));
request.reset();
if (c < 0) {
selectionKey.attach(null);
selectionKey.cancel();
log("!!! Connection terminated for channel " + channel);
catch(final Exception x) {
x.printStackTrace();
log("*** Request processed...");
private State getState() {
State state = (State) server.taskManager.getCurrentWorkerState();
if (state == null) {
state = new State();
server.taskManager.setCurrentWorkerState(state);
else {
state.byteBuffer.clear();
return state;
private void log(final String text) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + " : " + text);
static class State {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(32);
static private class Server implements Runnable {
private final int port;
private Thread worker;
private FIFOTaskManager taskManager;
Server(final int port) {
this.port = port;
worker = null;
synchronized void start() throws Exception {
if (worker == null) {
log("Starting the server...");
taskManager = new FIFOTaskManager("Nio1Workers", 24);
worker = new Thread(this);
worker.start();
synchronized(worker) {
try {
worker.wait();
catch(InterruptedException x) {
log("Server started !");
public void run() {
try {
log("Server is starting...");
Selector selector = SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();
log("Creating listener on port " + port);
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(port);
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(inetSocketAddress);
SelectionKey selectionKey = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
synchronized(worker) {
worker.notify();
while (selector.select() >= 0) {
Set readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
log("Keys are ready : " + readyKeys.size());
for (Iterator i = readyKeys.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
SelectionKey selectedKey = (SelectionKey) i.next();
if (selectedKey.isAcceptable()) {
ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) selectedKey.channel();
SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
sc.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey sk = sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
sk.attach(new Request());
log("Connection accepted for channel " + sc);
else if (selectedKey.isReadable()) {
log("Key ready for input : " + selectedKey);
taskManager.execute(new RequestTask(this, selectedKey));
i.remove();
readyKeys = null;
log("Server loop interrupted !");
catch(Exception x) {
x.printStackTrace();
private void log(final String text) {
System.out.println("SERVER: " + text);
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
Server server = new Server(9001);
server.start();
} -
How to get return value from java and read by other application?
i want to read return value from java and the other application read it.
for example:
public class test_return {
test_return(){
public int check(){
return 1;
public static void main(String args[]){
new test_return().check();
}from that class i make as jar file. How to read the return value (1) by other application?
thx..If your installer is requiring some process it invokes to return a particular value on failure, then the installer is seriously broken. There are a bazillion commands your installer could invoke, and any of them could fail, which in turn could invalidate the entire install process, and any of them could return any value on failure. The only value that's consistent (in my experience) is that zero means success and non-zero means failure, with specific non-zero values being different in different programs.
About the only control you have over the JVM's exit code is that if your main method completes without throwing an exception, the JVM will have an exit code of 0, and if main throws an exception (either explicitly or by not catching one thrown from below), it will be non-zero. I'm not even sure if that's guaranteed, but I would guess that's the case.
EDIT: I'm kind of full of crap here. If you're writing the Java code, you can call System.exit(whatever). But nonetheless, if your installer requires certain exit codes from any app--java or otherwise--you have a problem.
Edited by: jverd on Oct 29, 2009 1:27 AM -
Why do I get IOException on nio read from channel before all data is read?
I am working on an NIO based http client library but I've noticed two problems.
#1: I have been testing against an http server that has authentication turned on. Hence, any request that comes its way will respond with a '401 Authentication Required' response. In the case of a POST, I've noticed that this particular http server does not wait for the body to arrive before responding. As soon as it gets the headers, it dumps the 401 response onto the channel and closes the connection. My library then gets an IOException on the next write to the channel even though I've received write interest event. (I'm using non blocking mode)
Whether I get the exception depends on timing. Sometimes, my writes work and the exception is averted. Sometimes not. The longer I delay since the time I get the write interest event, the more likely it is the exception will occur.
Now, in this situation, I really think it's the http server that is violating the http protocol. I give a valid content length that is not zero but it does not wait for me to finish my request. The moment I write the last empty line of the header section, it responds and closes the channel. Even though I don't think this is correct, my library has to deal with it. So in this situation, I've decided my library will abandon the write phase and move on to reading the response.
NOTE: In the majority of cases, a client would have already authenticated by landing on some page that could produce a POST in the first place. However, for technical reasons I can't mention here, I must support the case that the very first (unathenticated) request to the server is a POST.
2) After #1 above occurs, reading from the channel will also throw an IOException but only on Windows. Sometimes I get the headers only, sometimes the whole document, sometimes nothing. Again, the longer I delay reading (since the time I get the read interest event) the more likely it is the exception will be thrown. This NEVER happens on Linux. I always get the full response on Linux after the #1 happens even if I put long delays between reads.
I can understand #1 happening but #2 should not. I can always see the complete response data on the wire using a network protocol analyser. The data is there every time but my library doesn't always get it.
In situation 2, there is nothing I can do. If I don't receive the data, I have to respond with an error even though the request was successful.
I have stripped down my library to the bare essentials and can reproduce the problem in a self-contained environment every time.
Any ideas why the discrepency between Windows/Linux? Does this seem right?I read through the section you mentioned. I realize the connection may be dropped at any time. Handling this is no problem. It is reported as an exception to the client. However, this situation is different. I still see no provision that allows a server to respond to a half written request. A request is defined to include an optional message body (Section 5). The client dictates whether it is optional, not the server. Furthermore, section 6 clearly states "After receiving and interpreting a request message, a server responds with an HTTP response message.". To me, this implies the server must wait for the entire request before responding even if its a waste of time. This particular server is attempting to short circuit what I see is the required request/response cycle. In doing so, it is causing me some pain in trying to deliver its response since it seems on windows this interferes with my ability to read it.
The simple answer to this is to process reads before writes, i.e. OP_READ before OP_WRITE. I tried this as well. Originally, I was not even registering READ interest while I was writing my request. (I saw no reason to. I don't want to give my client a response while they are writing their request.) But even when I do register READ interest while I'm writing (and process read events before write), the read event still produces no data and no eof (-1) indication on the read. The discrepency between linux and windows is bothering me. No matter what I do, I can't deliver the response even though its written to the channel by my peer. I think I will supply some code and see if anyone can get it to work on windows.Edited by: r2rossi on Sep 24, 2008 10:42 AMEdited by: r2rossi on Sep 24, 2008 10:43 AM
Edited by: r2rossi on Sep 24, 2008 10:45 AM
Edited by: r2rossi on Sep 24, 2008 10:46 AM -
Java - Write And Read From memory Like CheatEngine ( Writing not working?)
Hello Oracle Forum
I came here some time ago to ask about javaFX , i solved all my issues and im right now waiting for javaFx tot ake over swing and hmm, im working on learning LIBGDX to create games in java.
However, im in need to create an app to change values of memory to fix a bug in an old program that i have, and the only way until now is using cheatEngine, So i decided to take a tutorial and learn how to do that in java.
Well, im able to read from the memory but the write isnt working somehow... Im posting the code here, if anyone can give me a hint, i would thank and a lot, because theres a community that really needs this app to automate the fix without using cheat engine.
package MainStart;
import com.br.HM.User32;
import com.br.kernel.Kernel32;
import com.sun.jna.Memory;
import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.IntByReference;
public class Cheater {
static Kernel32 kernel32 = (Kernel32) Native.loadLibrary("kernel32", Kernel32.class);
static User32 user32 = (User32) Native.loadLibrary("user32", User32.class);
static int readRight = 0x0010;
static int writeRight = 0x0020;
//static int PROCESS_VM_OPERATION = 0x0008;
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Read Memory
//MineSweeper = Campo Minado
int pid = getProcessId("Campo Minado"); // get our process ID
System.out.println("Pid = " + pid);
Pointer readprocess = openProcess(readRight, pid); // open the process ID with read priviledges.
Pointer writeprocess = openProcess(writeRight, pid);
int size = 4; // we want to read 4 bytes
int address = 0x004053C8;
//Read Memory
Memory read = readMemory(readprocess, address, size); // read 4 bytes of memory starting at the address 0x00AB0C62.
System.out.println(read.getInt(0)); // print out the value!
//Write Memory
int writeMemory = writeMemory(writeprocess, address, new short[0x22222222]);
System.out.println("WriteMemory :" + writeMemory);
Memory readM = readMemory(readprocess, address, size);
System.out.println(readM.getInt(0));
public static int writeMemory(Pointer process, int address, short[] data) {
IntByReference written = new IntByReference(0);
Memory toWrite = new Memory(data.length);
for (long i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
toWrite.setShort(0, data[new Integer(Long.toString(i))]);
boolean b = kernel32.WriteProcessMemory(process, address, toWrite, data.length, written);
System.out.println("kernel32.WriteProcessMemory : " + b); // Retorna false
return written.getValue();
public static Pointer openProcess(int permissions, int pid) {
Pointer process = kernel32.OpenProcess(permissions, true, pid);
return process;
public static int getProcessId(String window) {
IntByReference pid = new IntByReference(0);
user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(user32.FindWindowA(null, window), pid);
return pid.getValue();
public static Memory readMemory(Pointer process, int address, int bytesToRead) {
IntByReference read = new IntByReference(0);
Memory output = new Memory(bytesToRead);
kernel32.ReadProcessMemory(process, address, output, bytesToRead, read);
return output;
package com.br.HM;
import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
import com.sun.jna.Structure;
import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef.RECT;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.ByteByReference;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.IntByReference;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary.StdCallCallback;
import com.sun.jna.win32.W32APIOptions;
* Provides access to the w32 user32 library. Incomplete implementation to
* support demos.
* @author Todd Fast, [email protected]
* @author [email protected]
public interface User32 extends W32APIOptions {
User32 INSTANCE = (User32) Native.loadLibrary("user32", User32.class, DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
Pointer GetDC(Pointer hWnd);
int ReleaseDC(Pointer hWnd, Pointer hDC);
int FLASHW_STOP = 0;
int FLASHW_CAPTION = 1;
int FLASHW_TRAY = 2;
int FLASHW_ALL = (FLASHW_CAPTION | FLASHW_TRAY);
int FLASHW_TIMER = 4;
int FLASHW_TIMERNOFG = 12;
public static class FLASHWINFO extends Structure {
public int cbSize;
public Pointer hWnd;
public int dwFlags;
public int uCount;
public int dwTimeout;
int IMAGE_BITMAP = 0;
int IMAGE_ICON = 1;
int IMAGE_CURSOR = 2;
int IMAGE_ENHMETAFILE = 3;
int LR_DEFAULTCOLOR = 0x0000;
int LR_MONOCHROME = 0x0001;
int LR_COLOR = 0x0002;
int LR_COPYRETURNORG = 0x0004;
int LR_COPYDELETEORG = 0x0008;
int LR_LOADFROMFILE = 0x0010;
int LR_LOADTRANSPARENT = 0x0020;
int LR_DEFAULTSIZE = 0x0040;
int LR_VGACOLOR = 0x0080;
int LR_LOADMAP3DCOLORS = 0x1000;
int LR_CREATEDIBSECTION = 0x2000;
int LR_COPYFROMRESOURCE = 0x4000;
int LR_SHARED = 0x8000;
Pointer FindWindowA(String winClass, String title);
int GetClassName(Pointer hWnd, byte[] lpClassName, int nMaxCount);
public static class GUITHREADINFO extends Structure {
public int cbSize = size();
public int flags;
Pointer hwndActive;
Pointer hwndFocus;
Pointer hwndCapture;
Pointer hwndMenuOwner;
Pointer hwndMoveSize;
Pointer hwndCaret;
RECT rcCaret;
boolean GetGUIThreadInfo(int idThread, GUITHREADINFO lpgui);
public static class WINDOWINFO extends Structure {
public int cbSize = size();
public RECT rcWindow;
public RECT rcClient;
public int dwStyle;
public int dwExStyle;
public int dwWindowStatus;
public int cxWindowBorders;
public int cyWindowBorders;
public short atomWindowType;
public short wCreatorVersion;
boolean GetWindowInfo(Pointer hWnd, WINDOWINFO pwi);
boolean GetWindowRect(Pointer hWnd, RECT rect);
int GetWindowText(Pointer hWnd, byte[] lpString, int nMaxCount);
int GetWindowTextLength(Pointer hWnd);
int GetWindowModuleFileName(Pointer hWnd, byte[] lpszFileName, int cchFileNameMax);
int GetWindowThreadProcessId(Pointer hWnd, IntByReference lpdwProcessId);
interface WNDENUMPROC extends StdCallCallback {
* Return whether to continue enumeration.
boolean callback(Pointer hWnd, Pointer data);
boolean EnumWindows(WNDENUMPROC lpEnumFunc, Pointer data);
boolean EnumThreadWindows(int dwThreadId, WNDENUMPROC lpEnumFunc, Pointer data);
boolean FlashWindowEx(FLASHWINFO info);
Pointer LoadIcon(Pointer hInstance, String iconName);
Pointer LoadImage(Pointer hinst, // handle to instance
String name, // image to load
int type, // image type
int xDesired, // desired width
int yDesired, // desired height
int load // load options
boolean DestroyIcon(Pointer hicon);
int GWL_EXSTYLE = -20;
int GWL_STYLE = -16;
int GWL_WNDPROC = -4;
int GWL_HINSTANCE = -6;
int GWL_ID = -12;
int GWL_USERDATA = -21;
int DWL_DLGPROC = 4;
int DWL_MSGRESULT = 0;
int DWL_USER = 8;
int WS_EX_COMPOSITED = 0x20000000;
int WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x80000;
int WS_EX_TRANSPARENT = 32;
int GetWindowLong(Pointer hWnd, int nIndex);
int SetWindowLong(Pointer hWnd, int nIndex, int dwNewLong);
int LWA_COLORKEY = 1;
int LWA_ALPHA = 2;
int ULW_COLORKEY = 1;
int ULW_ALPHA = 2;
int ULW_OPAQUE = 4;
boolean SetLayeredWindowAttributes(Pointer hwnd, int crKey,
byte bAlpha, int dwFlags);
boolean GetLayeredWindowAttributes(Pointer hwnd,
IntByReference pcrKey,
ByteByReference pbAlpha,
IntByReference pdwFlags);
* Defines the x- and y-coordinates of a point.
public static class POINT extends Structure {
public int x, y;
* Specifies the width and height of a rectangle.
public static class SIZE extends Structure {
public int cx, cy;
int AC_SRC_OVER = 0x00;
int AC_SRC_ALPHA = 0x01;
int AC_SRC_NO_PREMULT_ALPHA = 0x01;
int AC_SRC_NO_ALPHA = 0x02;
public static class BLENDFUNCTION extends Structure {
public byte BlendOp = AC_SRC_OVER; // only valid value
public byte BlendFlags = 0; // only valid value
public byte SourceConstantAlpha;
public byte AlphaFormat;
boolean UpdateLayeredWindow(Pointer hwnd, Pointer hdcDst,
POINT pptDst, SIZE psize,
Pointer hdcSrc, POINT pptSrc, int crKey,
BLENDFUNCTION pblend, int dwFlags);
int SetWindowRgn(Pointer hWnd, Pointer hRgn, boolean bRedraw);
int VK_SHIFT = 16;
int VK_LSHIFT = 0xA0;
int VK_RSHIFT = 0xA1;
int VK_CONTROL = 17;
int VK_LCONTROL = 0xA2;
int VK_RCONTROL = 0xA3;
int VK_MENU = 18;
int VK_LMENU = 0xA4;
int VK_RMENU = 0xA5;
boolean GetKeyboardState(byte[] state);
short GetAsyncKeyState(int vKey);
package com.br.kernel;
import com.sun.jna.*;
import com.sun.jna.win32.StdCallLibrary;
import com.sun.jna.ptr.IntByReference;
// by deject3d
public interface Kernel32 extends StdCallLibrary
// description from msdn
//BOOL WINAPI WriteProcessMemory(
//__in HANDLE hProcess,
//__in LPVOID lpBaseAddress,
//__in LPCVOID lpBuffer,
//__in SIZE_T nSize,
//__out SIZE_T *lpNumberOfBytesWritten
boolean WriteProcessMemory(Pointer p, int address, Pointer buffer, int size, IntByReference written);
//BOOL WINAPI ReadProcessMemory(
// __in HANDLE hProcess,
// __in LPCVOID lpBaseAddress,
// __out LPVOID lpBuffer,
// __in SIZE_T nSize,
// __out SIZE_T *lpNumberOfBytesRead
boolean ReadProcessMemory(Pointer hProcess, int inBaseAddress, Pointer outputBuffer, int nSize, IntByReference outNumberOfBytesRead);
//HANDLE WINAPI OpenProcess(
// __in DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
// __in BOOL bInheritHandle,
// __in DWORD dwProcessId
Pointer OpenProcess(int desired, boolean inherit, int pid);
/* derp */
int GetLastError();
http://pastebin.com/Vq8wfy39Hello there,
this tutorial was exactly what I needed, so thank you.
Your problem seems to be in this line:
int writeMemory = writeMemory(writeprocess, address, new short[0x22222222]);
The problem is, you're creating a new short array with the length of 0x22222222. Which not only results in an java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
but also, if it would work, would create an empty array with the length of 0x22222222.
I think you want to write 0x22222222 as value in your address.
Correctly stored the code you'd need to write would be:
short[] sarray = new short[]{(short) 0x22222222};
But because the value is too long for the short, the value stored in your array would be the number 8738.
I think, what you want to do is to store the number 572662306, which would be the hex value, stored in an int variable.
So first of all you need to strip down your hex-value to shorts:
Short in Java uses 16 Bit = 2 Byte. 0x22222222 -> 0x2222 for your high byte and 0x2222 for your low byte
So your array would be
short[] sarray = new short[]{0x2222,0x2222};//notice, that sarray[0] is the lowbyte and sarray[1] the high byte, if you want to store 20 it would be new short[]{20,0} or if you use hex new short[]{0x14,0x00}
The next part is your writeToMemory Method. If I'm right, the method in the tutorial is a little bit wrong. The right version should be this:
public static int writeMemory(Pointer process, int address, short[] data) {
IntByReference written = new IntByReference(0);
int size = data.length*Short.SIZE/8;
Memory toWrite = new Memory(size);
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
toWrite.setShort(i*Short.SIZE/8,
data[i]);
boolean b = kernel32.WriteProcessMemory(process, address, toWrite,
size, written);
return written.getValue();
You need to calculate your offset right. And the size of your memory. Maybe you could write this method not with shorts, but with integers. But this should work.
If you pass your new array to this function, it should write 0x22222222 to your adress. If you read out your toWrite value with toWrite.getInt(0) you get the right value.
And there is one more thing. In order to write data to a process, you need to grant two access rights:
A handle to the process memory to be modified. The handle must have PROCESS_VM_WRITE and PROCESS_VM_OPERATION access to the process.
You have to grant the right to write data: PROCESS_VM_WRITE: 0x0020 and PROCESS_VM_OPERATION: 0x0008
So your writeProcess needs to get initialized this way:
Pointer writeprocess = openProcess(0x0020|0x0008,pid);
I hope this works for you. Let me know.
Greetings
Edit:
Because every data you write will be 1 byte to whatever count of byte I think the best way is to use the following method to write data to the memory:
public static void writeMemory(Pointer process, long address, byte[] data)
int size = data.length;
Memory toWrite = new Memory(size);
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
toWrite.setByte(i, data[i]);
boolean b = kernel32.WriteProcessMemory(process, address, toWrite, size, null);
You can see some changes. First I changed all address values from int to long, because some addresses are out of range. And with all, i mean all. Not only in writeMemory, but also in readMemory and in your kernel32 Class.
Second I don't use the IntByReference anymore..
To use this method you need to store your data the following way if you would write 4 Byte data:
byte[] values = new byte[]{0x14,0x00,0x00,0x00};
This value would be the number 20. Index 0 will be the lowest byte and index 3 will be the highest byte.
And one more thing I wrote is an method which you can use to calculate your address if you have a baseAddress.
If you restart your program/game your old addresses won't point at the same values of your game. With some research (I use CheatEngine) you can get the baseaddress. This one will alway be the same.
To get from your baseaddress to the dynamic adress you use offsets.
public static long findDynAddy(Pointer process, int[] offsets, long baseAddress)
long pointer = baseAddress;
int size = 4;
Memory pTemp = new Memory(size);
long pointerAddress = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < offsets.length; i++)
if(i == 0)
kernel32.ReadProcessMemory(process, pointer, pTemp, size, null);
pointerAddress = ((pTemp.getInt(0)+offsets[i]));
if(i != offsets.length-1)
kernel32.ReadProcessMemory(process, pointerAddress, pTemp, size, null);
return pointerAddress;
This methods gets a process, an array of offsets (hex-values) and your baseadress and returns the dynamic address.
For Solitaire the following code would give you the address to the score:
long baseAddr = 0x10002AFA8L;
int[] offsets = new int[]{0x50,0x14};
long addr = findDynAddy(process, offsets, baseAddr);
If somebody wants to get the whole code (user32, kernel32 and the cheater) just pm me and I will give you a link.
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