Regarding Bounds Statement in ABAP HR

Hi Guys!!!!
I have been trying to work on provide, end provide in an HR program and then when I went into f1 of the statement I found an simple provide,end provide which I am pasting here:
PROVIDE FIELDS col3 FROM itab1 INTO wa1
                               VALID flag1
                               BOUNDS col1 AND col2
        FIELDS col3 FROM itab2 INTO wa2
                               VALID flag2
                               BOUNDS col1 AND col2
        BETWEEN 2 AND 14.
Now, I am really not able to understand the meaning of BOUNDS here, What does it actually do?? Could someone please explain. I searched in SCN and could not find any apt reply actually.
Regards,
Vishwa.

hi,
PROVIDE FIELDS {*|{comp1 comp2 ...}}
               FROM itab1 INTO wa1 VALID flag1
               BOUNDS intliml1 AND intlimu1
               [WHERE log_exp1]
        FIELDS {*|{comp1 comp2 ...}}
               FROM itab2 INTO wa2 VALID flag2
               BOUNDS intliml2 AND intlimu2
               [WHERE log_exp2]
        BETWEEN extliml AND extlimu
        [INCLUDING GAPS].
ENDPROVIDE.
To be able to process internal tables using PROVIDE, all tables itab1 itab2 ... must be fully typed index tables and contain two special columns that have the same data type (d, i, n, or t) for all relevant tables. For every table you must specify the names intliml1 intliml2 ... and intlimu1 intlimu2 ... of these columns using the addition BOUNDS.
The columns intliml1 intliml2 ... and intlimu1 intlimu2 ... in every row of the relevant internal tables must contain values that can be interpreted as limits of closed intervals. Within a table, the intervals specified in these columns must not overlap and must be sorted in ascending order. The intervals therefore make up a unique key for every row.
Regards,
Arjun.

Similar Messages

Regarding LOOP Statement in ABAP

Hi,
I have small question regarding LOOP ..... ENDLOOP statement against SY-SUBRC Check.
I have a loop as below:
 LOOP AT i_vbap WHERE vbeln = i_vbak-vbeln.
 Some Code
 ENDLOOP.
 IF sy-subrc <> 0.
 APPEND i_sdata.
 CLEAR i_sdata.
 ENDIF.
Is the above Code/Syntax is correct one.
Can we use SY-SUBRC Check against LOOP ... ENDLOOP statement.
Is this the right way of writing the code as per standards.
Can anybody give sujjestions regarding the same.
Thanks in advance.
Thanks & Regards,
Prasad.

Hi Prasad,
Yes, you could use sy-subrc after the endloop. For example:
loop at itab1 where kunnr = itab2-kunnr.
some conditions...
endloop.
if sy-subrc = 0.
write: 'Success!'.
else.
leave program.
endif.
if you press F1 while highlighting the LOOP statement here are the meaning of sy-subrc in loop...endloop.
SY-SUBRC = 0:
At least one loop pass was processed.
SY-SUBRC = 4:
The loop was not processed because the table contains no entries or no entries satisfied the conditions.
Regards!

Regarding case statement and decode function

Hi Experts,
I have question.....regarding case statement and decode statement....
Can you please explain me that which one will be efficient,to place in insert statement...
insert statement(
(case when ........then
                     case when ....then
                     else
                     end)
else
end)
or
insert statement(
case when.....then
decode(....)
else
end)
Can you people explain me which one is more efficient method?
Thanks in advance.......

The are major differences to talk about in case of CASE vs DECODE, but performance wise both are pretty much the same.
Have a look at Tom's thread
Ask Tom &quot;better performance - case or decode&quot;
I would suggest to use CASE whenever possible. Don't worry about the performance part.

Merge Statement in ABAP

Dear Gurrus,
i am having a trouble in using oracle merge statement in abap, the moment i use where clause in the bottom it gives me an oracle error
EXEC SQL.
MERGE INTO SAP_GL_ACCOUNT@GETZDB a
USING SKA1 b
    ON (A.gl_code= B.SAKNR)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
    UPDATE SET a.posting_block = B.XSPEB,
               a.locked        = B.XSPEA,
               A.BALANCE_SHEET = B.XBILK
     WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
       insert   (gl_code,
                 DESCRIPTION,
                 posting_block,
                 locked,
                 balance_sheet)
      VALUES (b.SAKNR,'shadab',B.XSPEB,B.XSPEA,B.XBILK)
      where b. mandt = 950      I am talking about this line
         ENDEXEC.
the Moment i include WHERE clause in the botton before ENDEXEC it generates as error
" Database error text........: "ORA-00904: "A3"."MANDT": invalid identifier#ORA-02063: preceding line from GETZDB".
although its a basic feature of Oracle to inclue where clauses in insert or update in merge, but here it is generating an error.

Hello Shadab,
As per my understanding of this oracle native sql code.
everything is fine except the use of direct value i.e 950 .
System is not able to process this value .
This normally happens even in normal abap sql statements also.
The better solution could be to declare a variable with the
same data type as "mandt" and then pass this "950" value into that
variable and then use this variable in the where clause instead of directly
passing the value.
i.e data:l_var type mandt vlaue '950'.
The other option could be to use the same hard coded
value but use this value in the where clause in quotations i.e.,
'950' instead of 950.
I hope this would solve your purpose, If not please reply me back.
thanks,
M.Naveen Kumar.

Regarding passing internal table data to D.B Table&DELETE statement in ABAP

Hi All,
Can anybody tell me what is the exact syntax for following statement.
Get all records from table zppe0169_01 into an internal table-I_PO and delete duplicates for unique EBELN and EBELP
Can any body give syntax for the above.
Thanks in advance.
Thanks & Regards,
Rayeez.

Hi All,
Thanks for those replies.
Actually zppe0169_01[Datbase table] and I_PO structures are diffrent.
They are as follows
For I_PO
BEGIN OF i_po OCCURS 0,
 ebeln LIKE ekpo-ebeln,
 ebelp LIKE ekpo-ebelp,
 matnr LIKE ekpo-matnr,
 werks LIKE ekko-reswk,
 eindt LIKE eket-eindt,
 ps_psp_pnr LIKE ekkn-ps_psp_pnr,
 ptype(3) TYPE c,
 techs LIKE ekpo-techs,
 mesg(50) TYPE c,
END OF i_po.
For zppe0169_01 fields are as follows.
EBELN
EBELP
MATNR
WERKS
EINDT
PS_PSP_PNR
PTYPE
as I_PO is having 2 more fields than actual database table will the following SELECT statement fetch the data correctly.
 SELECT *
 FROM zppe0169_01
 INTO TABLE i_po.
If No - can anybody tell me what change i have make to above SELECT to make it work perfectly.
Thanks & Regards,
Rayeez.

Can we use is null in our select statement in ABAP program

hi,
I want to use 'is nul' or 'not null' in select statement of my ABAP program for any field. I have written below query but I am getting sy-subrc = 4 and getting no data. Can anyone resolve this.

Hi,
I think you've posted your question on the wrong forum. This is the SAP Business One development forum which is not part of ERP and doesn't include any ABAP or Netweaver programming.
For a list of forums please see here:
http://forums.sdn.sap.com/index.jspa
Kind Regards,
Owen

UNION statement in ABAP SQL

Hi,
How to achieve the UNION SQL operation results in ABAP? To be specific, I want to retrieve STCD1 field value from vendor master table (LFA1) for all vendors (LIFNR) that exist in table BSIK or BSAK.
And I want to achieve the results in single SQL statement. So in essence, the resultant SQL would be something like:
SELECT STCD1
INTO TABLE my_internal_table
FROM LFA1
WHERE LIFNR IN (SELECT DISTINCT LIFNR
                                            FROM BSIK
                            UNION
                            SELECT DISTINCT LIFNR
                                           FROM BSAK)
But the UNION is not a valid keyword in ABAP. Any idea how to achieve this?
Regards,
Chetan

hi chetan,
do you have any where condition to filter the records from bsak and bsik?
your requirement cannot be realized in a single statement.
you have to use two separate selects from bsak and bsik, then, collect all the vendors in one internal table and at last you have to use this table to get the vendor info from lfa1.
regards,
ravi

Loop statement in ABAP OO

Hi,
I am trying to change a BADI interface and since BADIs use ABAP OO, a simple loop statement fails to work.
I need to loop through an internal table and for each record in the internal table I need to read another db table which has a field in common with the internal table.
Ideally,
Loop at lt_selections
select logsys from /bic/mzcs_unit where /bic/zcs_unit = lt_selections-cs_unit
endloop.
But this piece of code fails to work in BADI because of OO concepts.
Can anyone help me out here?
THank you

As Alejandro said, if you are getting a syntax error, it is probably because header lines are not allow in OO.
data: wa_selections like line of lt_selections.
Loop at lt_selections into wa_wa_selections.
select logsys from /bic/mzcs_unit
where /bic/zcs_unit = wa_selections-cs_unit.
endloop.
Regards,
Rich Heilman
Message was edited by: Rich Heilman

How to use 'is null' in select statement of ABAP program

hi,
I want to use 'is nul' or 'not null' in select statement of my ABAP program for any field. I have written below query but I am getting sy-subrc = 4 and getting no data.
SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE it_mara
WHERE volum IS NULL .
Can anyone resolve this.

Hi PKB,
Check the below thread for NULL and Space value in ABAP . It will help you
NULL and Space value in ABAP
Regards,
Pawan

Regarding types statement in ECC 6.0...plz reply..urgent

Hi,
I am copying a program which is in 4.7 to ECC 6.0,i am facing error regarding structures with types...
The following code in 4.7
DATA:BEGIN OF W_BMM00.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE BMM00.
DATA:END OF W_BMM00.
DATA:BEGIN OF W_BMMH1.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE BMMH1.
DATA:END OF W_BMMH1.
DATA:BEGIN OF W_BMMH7.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE BMMH7.
DATA:END OF W_BMMH7.
DATA : BEGIN OF TAB_TLINE OCCURS 0.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE TLINE.
DATA : END OF TAB_TLINE.
i have written the same in ECC6.0 as below
TYPES:BEGIN OF tw_bmm00.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE bmm00.
TYPES:END OF tw_bmm00 ,
 tt_bmm00 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF tw_bmm00.
TYPES:BEGIN OF tw_bmmh1.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE bmmh1.
TYPES:END OF tw_bmmh1 ,
 tt_bmmh1 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF tw_bmmh1.
TYPES:BEGIN OF tw_bmmh7.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE bmmh7.
TYPES:END OF tw_bmmh7 ,
 tt_bmmh7 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF tw_bmmh7.
TYPES:BEGIN OF tw_TAB_TLINE.
 INCLUDE STRUCTURE TLINE.
TYPES:END OF tw_TAB_TLINE,
 tt_tab_tline TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF tw_tab_tline.
lw_bmm00 TYPE tw_bmm00,
 lt_bmm00 TYPE tt_bmm00,
 lw_bmmh1 TYPE tw_bmmh1,
 lt_bmmh1 TYPE tt_bmmh1,
 lw_bmmh7 TYPE tw_bmmh7,
 lt_bmmh7 TYPE tt_bmmh7,
 lw_tab_thead TYPE tw_tab_thead,
 lt_tab_thead TYPE tt_tab_thead,....
when i check SLIN errors i am getting the following errors...plz resolve..
The current ABAP command is obsolete
Within classes and interfaces, you can only use "TYPE" to refer to ABAP Dictionary
types (not "LIKE" or "STRUCTURE").


include strture not allowed.
rules.
ABAP Development under Unicode
Prior to Unicode the length of a character was exactly one byte, allowing implicit typecasts or memory-layout oriented programming. With Unicode this situation has changed: One character is no longer one byte, so that additional specifications have to be added to define the unit of measure for implicit or explicit references to (the length of) characters.
Character-like data in ABAP are always represented with the UTF-16 - standard (also used in Java or other development tools like Microsoft's Visual Basic); but this format is not related to the encoding of the underlying database.
A Unicode-enabled ABAP program (UP) is a program in which all Unicode checks are effective. Such a program returns the same results in a non-Unicode system (NUS) as in a Unicode system (US). In order to perform the relevant syntax checks, you must activate the Unicode flag in the screens of the program and class attributes.
In a US, you can only execute programs for which the Unicode flag is set. In future, the Unicode flag must be set for all SAP programs to enable them to run on a US. If the Unicode flag is set for a program, the syntax is checked and the program executed according to the rules described in this document, regardless of whether the system is a US or a NUS. From now on, the Unicode flag must be set for all new programs and classes that are created.
If the Unicode flag is not set, a program can only be executed in an NUS. The syntactical and semantic changes described below do not apply to such programs. However, you can use all language extensions that have been introduced in the process of the conversion to Unicode.
As a result of the modifications and restrictions associated with the Unicode flag, programs are executed in both Unicode and non-Unicode systems with the same semantics to a large degree. In rare cases, however, differences may occur. Programs that are designed to run on both systems therefore need to be tested on both platforms.
Other Changes
1. Bit Statements
2. Adding Field Sequences
3. Loops with VARY and VARYING
4. Creating Subroutines
5. Saving Programs
6. Assigning Types for GET/SET PARAMETER
7. Unreachable Statements
8. Function Modules with Incorrect Parameter Names
1. Bit Statements
Previously, the system checked for the bit statements SET BIT i OF f [TO g] and GET BIT i OF f [INTO g]whether the field f is character-type; X fields, X strings, and flat structures are usually regarded as character-type. For Unicode programs this is no longer useful, because the types X and XSTRING no longer count as character-type and the bit by bit access to character-type fields or structures is no longer platform-independent. Therefore, with these operations in Unicode programs, the field f must be type X or XSTRING.
For the bit mask operations f O x, f Z x, and f M x you could previously use all number-type and hence all character-type types for the left operand f. In Unicode programs, the f operand must now be type X or XSTRING.
2. Adding Field Sequences
When adding field sequences, restrictions apply to the following statements in Unicode:
ADD n1 THEN n2 UNTIL nz [ ACCORDING TO sel ] GIVING m ...
ADD n1 THEN n2 UNTIL nz TO m [ RANGE str ].
1. The operands n1, n2, and nz must be type-compatible with one another.
2. The distance between nz and n1 must be an integral multiple of the distance between n2 and n1.
3. A syntax or runtime error occurs if the fields n1, n2, and nz are not in a structure. This structure must be recognizable statically or its valid area must be marked explicitly using the RANGE addition.
4. At runtime, the system ensures that the RANGE area is not left.
ADD n1 FROM i1 GIVING m [ RANGE str ].
1. Field n1 must be within the structure. The structure must be explicitly defined using the RANGE addition if it is not recognizable statically.
2. For this variant, the system also checks at runtime whether n1 and the addressed values are within the structure.
3. Loops
Loops with the VARY or VARYING addition are also problematic in Unicode, since a type-a access to memory contents cannot be ensured and memory can be overwritten inadvertently.
DO ... VARYING f FROM f1 NEXT f2.
For this statement, the fields f, f1, and f2 must be type-compatible with each other. To prevent memory contents being overwritten, a RANGE for valid accesses is introduced implicitly or explicitly for the following statements:
DO ... TIMES VARYING f FROM f1 NEXT f2 [ RANGE f3 ].
WHILE ... VARY f FROM f1 NEXT f2 [ RANGE f3 ].
A syntax or runtime error is caused if f1 or f2 are not included in f3. If the RANGE addition is missing, it is defined implicitly from FROM f1 NEXT f2 as follows:
1. If both f1 and f2 are statically recognizable components of the same structure, the valid RANGE area is defined from the smallest structure that comprises f1 and f2.
2. A syntax error is triggered if it is recognizable statically that f1 and f2 are not part of the same structure.
3. A valid area must be defined explicitly using the RANGE addition if the connection between f1 and f2 is not recognizable statically.
If you specify a deep structure as the RANGE addition, the system checks for every loop pass that there are no field references, object references, tables, or strings in the area read.
4. Creating Subroutines
When automatically generating subroutines using the statement GENERATE SUBROUTINE POOL itab NAME name, the generated program inherits the content of the Unicode flag of the generating program.
5. Saving Programs
When automatically generating programs using the statement INSERT REPORT prog FROM itab, default values are set for the TRDIR entry as before. Amongst other things, this statement has the new addition UNICODE ENABLING uc, with which the Unicode flag of the inserted report receives the value of uc. If this addition is missing, the following applies:
1. A Unicode program creates a Unicode program.
2. A non-Unicode program in turn creates a non-Unicode program.
3. A non-Unicode program becomes a Unicode program if it is overwritten by a Unicode program.
4. A Unicode program remains a Unicode program if it is overwritten by a non-Unicode program.
6. Assigning Types for GET/SET PARAMETER
For the statements GET PARAMETER ID pid FIELD f and GET PARAMETER ID pid FIELD f, f must be character-type. You can use the EXPORT and IMPORT statements for storing non-character-type fields and structures.
7. Unreachable Statements
In Unicode programs, unreachable statements cause a syntax error. In non-Unicode programs, there was previously only a syntax warning.
8. Function Modules with Incorrect Parameter Names
In Unicode programs, calling a function module, whose parameter names are specified statically as a literal or constant, causes an exception that can be handled if an incorrect parameter name was specified. This only applies to function modules that are not called via Remote Function Call. In non-Unicode programs, an incorrect name was previously ignored.
http://service.sap.com/instguides
--> SAP Business Suite Applications
--> SAP ERP
--> mySAP ERP 2005
--> Upgrade
--> Upgrade Documentation - mySAP ERP 2005 SR2
There choose your database and operating system.
If you're looking for functional details check
http://service.sap.com/releasenotes

Submit statement in ABAP program

Hi All,
I am using two submit statements in my program for two different reports. When i run the program i get the output screens of the two reports at the ouptut. Is there any way i can hide the user seeing the output screens of the two programs and display only the output screen of my program. If you have any clues please post it.
Thanks & Regards,
Rahul Rathi

You can call executable programs from other ABAP programs using the following statement:
SUBMIT <rep>|(<field>) [AND RETURN] [<options>].
You can either specify the name of the program you want to call statically by entering the program name in the code of the calling program, or dynamically by specifying the name of a field (in parentheses) containing the name of the program. If the system cannot find the specified executable program when trying to execute the SUBMIT statement, a runtime error occurs.
If you omit the AND RETURN addition, all data and list levels of the calling program (the entire internal session) are deleted. After the called executable program has finished, control returns to the level from which you started the calling program.
If you use AND RETURN, the system stores the data of the calling executable program and returns to the calling after processing the called program. The system resumes executing the calling program at the statement following the call.
The SUBMIT statement has a set of additions <options> for passing data to the called program and specifying various other processing options. Some of them are described in the following sections:
Have a look at below link. It will help you.
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/rep_submit.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/9f/db9dd035c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
Best Regards,
Vibha
*Please mark all the helpful answers

Insert Statement in ABAP

Hi,
I am new to ABAP Programming., i had created a function module with 5 import parameters enableing
optional and pass value options. I need to insert values to database. But function module contains only
the following statemet.
FUNCTION ZEMP_CREATE_NAME.
""Local Interface:
*" IMPORTING
*"     VALUE(EMPID) TYPE ZEMPID OPTIONAL
*"     VALUE(NAME1) TYPE ZNAME1 OPTIONAL
*"     VALUE(ORT01) TYPE ORT01_GP OPTIONAL
*"     VALUE(REGIO) TYPE REGIO OPTIONAL
*"     VALUE(TELF1) TYPE TELF1 OPTIONAL
*"     VALUE(STATUS) TYPE ZSTATUS OPTIONAL
*"     VALUE(EPOSITION) TYPE ZPOSI OPTIONAL
insert into zemptable values('EMPID','NAME1','ORT01','REGIO','TELF1','ZSTATUS','ZPOSI')).
ENDFUNCTION.
Is this statement correct? Could someone guide me how to resolve this?
Thanks & Regards
Vijay

Check the F1 help for insert.
If you already Checked the program you know it's not right.
That looks ok for Standard SQL, but ABAP uses a special set of sql commands called open sql.
*edit
Sorry, didn't saw you were new at this, you don't want to pass that many parameters.
IF those 7 parameters make up the whole table is better to do either something like...
w_zemptable type zemptable in the importing parameters and then in the code just do
insert into zemptable values w_zemtables.
.... or better
in the tables section declare
i_zemptable like zemptable
and in the code
insert zemptable from table i_zemptable.
Edited by: Ramiro Escamilla on May 9, 2008 3:23 PM

Regarding select statement

Hi Expert,
Is this select statement is ok ?
actually i have doubt in where clause when it mix both AND and OR without braces
SELECT SINGLE * FROM vbfa WHERE
             vbeln = s_bkpf-awkey AND
               vbtyp_v = 'C'   OR
               vbtyp_v = 'E'   OR
               vbtyp_v = 'M' OR
               vbtyp_v = 'J'   OR
               vbtyp_v = 'R' .
thanks and regards
abaper.

SELECT SINGLE * FROM vbfa WHERE
vbeln = s_bkpf-awkey AND ( vbtyp_v = 'C' OR
vbtyp_v = 'E' OR
vbtyp_v = 'M' OR
vbtyp_v = 'J' OR
vbtyp_v = 'R' ).
OR YOU CAN USE
SELECT SINGLE * FROM vbfa WHERE
vbeln = s_bkpf-awkey AND
vbtyp_v IN ('C', 'E', 'M', 'J', 'R') .
CHECK THE SPACE NO SPACE BETWEEN ('C' AFTER , ONE SPACE AND NO SPACE BETWEEN 'R'). GIVE THE SPACE CORRECTLY ...
REGARDS
SHIBA DUTTA

Regarding parallel queries in ABAP same as in oracle 10g

Hi,
   Is there any way we can write parallel queries in ABAP, in the same way we do in oracle 10g.Kindly see below;
alter table emp parallel (degree 4);
select degree from user_tables where table_name = 'EMP';
select count(*) from emp;
alter table emp noparallel;
SELECT /*+ PARALLEL(emp,4) / COUNT()
FROM emp;
The idea here is to distribute the load of select query in multiple CPUs for load balancing & performance improvement.
Kindly advise.
Thanks:
Gaurav

Hi,
>    Is there any way we can write parallel queries in ABAP, in the same way we do in oracle 10g.
sure. Since it is just a hint...
SELECT *
FROM t100 INTO TABLE it100
%_HINTS ORACLE 'PARALLEL(T100,4)'.
will give you such an execution plan for example:
SELECT STATEMENT ( Estimated Costs = 651 , Estimated #Rows = 924.308 )
       4 PX COORDINATOR
           3 PX SEND QC (RANDOM) :TQ10000
             ( Estim. Costs = 651 , Estim. #Rows = 924.308 )
             Estim. CPU-Costs = 33.377.789 Estim. IO-Costs = 646
               2 PX BLOCK ITERATOR
                 ( Estim. Costs = 651 , Estim. #Rows = 924.308 )
                 Estim. CPU-Costs = 33.377.789 Estim. IO-Costs = 646
                   1 TABLE ACCESS FULL T100
                     ( Estim. Costs = 651 , Estim. #Rows = 924.308 )
                     Estim. CPU-Costs = 33.377.789 Estim. IO-Costs = 646
PX = Parallel eXecution...
But be sure that you know what you do with the parallel execution option... it is not scalable.... .
Kind regards,
Hermann

Regarding interface in the ABAP-HR

Hi Experts,
 Iam new to ABAP-HR,
 I have 2 custom table which are updated with OT records from one batch program.
 Now i have to generate two files for regular OT data file and Off-Cycle OT data file respectually.
What i have to do?For this i have to pick the data from those two custom tables and create the files by using open dataset statement,Is this right way in HR?
Actually the selection screen is having Payroll area,Current period and Other period fields.
and the table is having BEGDA,ENDDA in one table and OTdate in onother table.How can i compare the dates?

Hi,
Interface Can be declared globally or locally within a program.
Locally declared in the global portion of a program using:-
INTERFACE <intf>.
ENDINTERFACE.
The definition contains the declaration for all components (attributes, methods, events) of the interface.
Interfaces are included in the public section of a class.
Interfaces do not have an implementation part, since their methods are implemented in the class that implements the interface.
Interfaces do not have instances.
A component <icomp> of an interface <intf> can be addressed as though it were a member of the class under the name <intf~icomp>.
Addressing Objects Using the class reference variable <cref>:
To access an attribute <attr>: <cref>-><intf~attr>
To call a method <meth>:
CALL METHOD <cref>-><intf~meth>
Using the interface reference variable <iref>:
To access an attribute <attr>: < iref>-><attr>
To call a method <meth>:
CALL METHOD <iref>-><meth>
Addressing a constant <const>:
<intf>=><const> (Cannot use class name).
Addressing a static attribute <attr>:
< class>=><intf~attr>
Calling a static method <meth>:
CALL METHOD <class>=><intf~meth>
 (Cannot use Interface method ).
casting operator (?= )
<cref> ?= <iref>
 For the casting to be successful, the object to which <iref> points must be an object of the same class as the type of the class variable <cref>.
sample program
report ysubdel .
interface i1.
data : num type i .
methods : meth1.
endinterface.
class c1 definition.
public section.
methods : meth1.
interfaces : i1.
endclass.
class c1 implementation.
method : meth1.
 write:/5 'I am meth1 in c1'.
endmethod.
method i1~meth1.
 write:/5 'I am meth1 from i1'.
endmethod.
endclass.
start-of-selection.
data : oref type ref to c1. create object oref.
write:/5 oref->i1~num.
call method oref->meth1.
call method oref->i1~meth1.
Regards,
Sowjanya.

Regarding Bounds Statement in ABAP HR

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