Regarding case statement and decode function

Hi Experts,
I have question.....regarding case statement and decode statement....
Can you please explain me that which one will be efficient,to place in insert statement...
insert statement(
(case when ........then
                     case when ....then
                     else
                     end)
else
end)
or
insert statement(
case when.....then
decode(....)
else
end)
Can you people explain me which one is more efficient method?
Thanks in advance.......

The are major differences to talk about in case of CASE vs DECODE, but performance wise both are pretty much the same.
Have a look at Tom's thread
Ask Tom &quot;better performance - case or decode&quot;
I would suggest to use CASE whenever possible. Don't worry about the performance part.

Similar Messages

Case statement and Decode function both are not working in Select cursor.

I have tried both the Case statement and Decode function in Select cursor, but both the things are not working. On the other hand both the things work in just select statement.
See the first column in select (PAR_FLAG), I need to have this evaluated along with other fields. Can you please suggest some thing to make this work. And also I would like to
know the reason why decode is not working, I heard some where Case statement do not work with 8i.
Author : Amit Juneja
Date : 06/20/2011
Description:
Updates the Diamond MEMBER_MASTER table with the values from
INC.MEM_NJ_HN_MEMBER_XREF table.
declare
rec_cnt number(12) := 0;
commit_cnt number(4) := 0;
cursor select_cur is
Select DECODE(1,
(Select 1
from hsd_prov_contract R
where R.seq_prov_id = PM.seq_prov_id
and R.line_of_business = H.line_of_business
and R.PCP_FLAG = 'Y'
and R.participation_flag = 'P'
and SYSDATE between R.EFFECTIVE_DATE AND
NVL(R.TERM_DATE,
TO_DATE('31-DEC-9999', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))),
'Y',
'N') PAR_FLAG,
H.SEQ_ELIG_HIST,
H.SEQ_MEMB_ID,
H.SEQ_SUBS_ID,
H.SUBSCRIBER_ID,
H.PERSON_NUMBER,
H.EFFECTIVE_DATE,
H.TERM_DATE,
H.TERM_REASON,
H.RELATIONSHIP_CODE,
H.SEQ_GROUP_ID,
H.PLAN_CODE,
H.LINE_OF_BUSINESS,
H.RIDER_CODE_1,
H.RIDER_CODE_2,
H.RIDER_CODE_3,
H.RIDER_CODE_4,
H.RIDER_CODE_5,
H.RIDER_CODE_6,
H.RIDER_CODE_7,
H.RIDER_CODE_8,
H.MEDICARE_STATUS_FLG,
H.OTHER_STATUS_FLAG,
H.HIRE_DATE,
H.ELIG_STATUS,
H.PREM_OVERRIDE_STEP,
H.PREM_OVERRIDE_AMT,
H.PREM_OVERRIDE_CODE,
H.SEQ_PROV_ID,
H.IPA_ID,
H.PANEL_ID,
H.SEQ_PROV_2_ID,
H.SECURITY_CODE,
H.INSERT_DATETIME,
H.INSERT_USER,
H.INSERT_PROCESS,
H.UPDATE_DATETIME,
H.UPDATE_USER,
H.UPDATE_PROCESS,
H.USER_DEFINED_1,
H.SALARY,
H.PEC_END_DATE,
H.REASON_CODE,
H.PEC_WAIVED,
H.BILL_EFFECTIVE_FROM_DATE,
H.BILLED_THRU_DATE,
H.PAID_THRU_DATE,
H.SUBSC_DEPT,
H.SUBSC_LOCATION,
H.USE_EFT_FLG,
H.BENEFIT_START_DATE,
H.SEQ_ENROLLMENT_RULE,
H.MCARE_RISK_ACCRETION_DATE,
H.MCARE_RISK_DELETION_DATE,
H.MCARE_RISK_REFUSED_DATE,
H.COMMENTS,
H.USER_DEFINED_2,
H.USER_DEFINED_3,
H.RATE_TYPE,
H.PCPAA_OCCURRED,
H.PRIVACY_ON,
H.PCP_CHANGE_REASON,
H.SITE_CODE,
H.SEQ_SITE_ADDRESS_ID,
PM.seq_prov_id rendered_prov
from hsd_member_elig_history H,
INC.PCP_REASSIGN_RPRT_DATA P,
hsd_prov_master PM
where P.subscriber_id = H.subscriber_id
and P.rendered_pcp = PM.provider_ID
and H.elig_status = 'Y'
and (H.term_date is NULL or H.term_date >= last_day(sysdate))
order by H.Seq_memb_id;
begin
for C in select_cur loop
rec_cnt := rec_cnt + 1;
update hsd_member_elig_history
set term_date = TRUNC(SYSDATE - 1),
term_reason = 'PCPTR',
update_datetime = SYSDATE,
update_user = USER,
update_process = 'TD33615'
where seq_elig_hist = C.seq_elig_hist
and seq_memb_id = C.seq_memb_id;
INSERT INTO HSD_MEMBER_ELIG_HISTORY
(SEQ_ELIG_HIST,
SEQ_MEMB_ID,
SEQ_SUBS_ID,
SUBSCRIBER_ID,
PERSON_NUMBER,
EFFECTIVE_DATE,
TERM_DATE,
TERM_REASON,
RELATIONSHIP_CODE,
SEQ_GROUP_ID,
PLAN_CODE,
LINE_OF_BUSINESS,
RIDER_CODE_1,
RIDER_CODE_2,
RIDER_CODE_3,
RIDER_CODE_4,
RIDER_CODE_5,
RIDER_CODE_6,
RIDER_CODE_7,
RIDER_CODE_8,
MEDICARE_STATUS_FLG,
OTHER_STATUS_FLAG,
HIRE_DATE,
ELIG_STATUS,
PREM_OVERRIDE_STEP,
PREM_OVERRIDE_AMT,
PREM_OVERRIDE_CODE,
SEQ_PROV_ID,
IPA_ID,
PANEL_ID,
SEQ_PROV_2_ID,
SECURITY_CODE,
INSERT_DATETIME,
INSERT_USER,
INSERT_PROCESS,
UPDATE_DATETIME,
UPDATE_USER,
UPDATE_PROCESS,
USER_DEFINED_1,
SALARY,
PEC_END_DATE,
REASON_CODE,
PEC_WAIVED,
BILL_EFFECTIVE_FROM_DATE,
BILLED_THRU_DATE,
PAID_THRU_DATE,
SUBSC_DEPT,
SUBSC_LOCATION,
USE_EFT_FLG,
BENEFIT_START_DATE,
SEQ_ENROLLMENT_RULE,
MCARE_RISK_ACCRETION_DATE,
MCARE_RISK_DELETION_DATE,
MCARE_RISK_REFUSED_DATE,
COMMENTS,
USER_DEFINED_2,
USER_DEFINED_3,
RATE_TYPE,
PCPAA_OCCURRED,
PRIVACY_ON,
PCP_CHANGE_REASON,
SITE_CODE,
SEQ_SITE_ADDRESS_ID)
values
(hsd_seq_elig_hist.nextval,
C.SEQ_MEMB_ID,
C.SEQ_SUBS_ID,
C.SUBSCRIBER_ID,
C.PERSON_NUMBER,
trunc(SYSDATE),
C.TERM_DATE,
C.TERM_REASON,
C.RELATIONSHIP_CODE,
C.SEQ_GROUP_ID,
C.PLAN_CODE,
C.LINE_OF_BUSINESS,
C.RIDER_CODE_1,
C.RIDER_CODE_2,
C.RIDER_CODE_3,
C.RIDER_CODE_4,
C.RIDER_CODE_5,
C.RIDER_CODE_6,
C.RIDER_CODE_7,
C.RIDER_CODE_8,
C.MEDICARE_STATUS_FLG,
C.OTHER_STATUS_FLAG,
C.HIRE_DATE,
C.ELIG_STATUS,
C.PREM_OVERRIDE_STEP,
C.PREM_OVERRIDE_AMT,
C.PREM_OVERRIDE_CODE,
C.SEQ_PROV_ID,
C.IPA_ID,
C.PANEL_ID,
C.SEQ_PROV_2_ID,
C.SECURITY_CODE,
SYSDATE,
USER,
'TD33615',
SYSDATE,
USER,
'TD33615',
C.USER_DEFINED_1,
C.SALARY,
C.PEC_END_DATE,
C.REASON_CODE,
C.PEC_WAIVED,
C.BILL_EFFECTIVE_FROM_DATE,
C.BILLED_THRU_DATE,
C.PAID_THRU_DATE,
C.SUBSC_DEPT,
C.SUBSC_LOCATION,
C.USE_EFT_FLG,
C.BENEFIT_START_DATE,
C.SEQ_ENROLLMENT_RULE,
C.MCARE_RISK_ACCRETION_DATE,
C.MCARE_RISK_DELETION_DATE,
C.MCARE_RISK_REFUSED_DATE,
C.COMMENTS,
C.USER_DEFINED_2,
C.USER_DEFINED_3,
C.RATE_TYPE,
C.PCPAA_OCCURRED,
C.PRIVACY_ON,
C.PCP_CHANGE_REASON,
C.SITE_CODE,
C.SEQ_SITE_ADDRESS_ID);
commit_cnt := commit_cnt + 1;
if (commit_cnt = 1000) then
dbms_output.put_line('Committed updates for 1000 records.');
commit;
commit_cnt := 0;
end if;
end loop;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('Total number of MEMBER_ELIG_HISTROY records inserted : ' ||
rec_cnt);
exception
when others then
raise_application_error(-20001,
'An error was encountered - ' || sqlcode ||
' -error- ' || sqlerrm);
end;

user10305724 wrote:
I have tried both the Case statement and Decode function in Select cursor, but both the things are not working. Please define what you mean by not working even if your computer screen is near the internet we can't see it.
You should also look at the FAQ about how to ask a question
SQL and PL/SQL FAQ
Particularly *9) Formatting with {noformat}{noformat} Tags* and posting your version.
know the reason why decode is not working, I heard some where Case statement do not work with 8i.
Does this mean you are using 8i? Then scalar sub queries - selects within the select list, are not supported, along with CASE in PL/SQL.
Select DECODE(1,
* (Select 1
from hsd_prov_contract R
where R.seq_prov_id = PM.seq_prov_id
and R.line_of_business = H.line_of_business
and R.PCP_FLAG = 'Y'
and R.participation_flag = 'P'
and SYSDATE between R.EFFECTIVE_DATE AND
NVL(R.TERM_DATE,
TO_DATE('31-DEC-9999', 'DD-MON-YYYY')))*,
'Y',
'N') PAR_FLAG,
>
exception
when others then
raise_application_error(-20001,
'An error was encountered - ' || sqlcode ||
' -error- ' || sqlerrm);
http://tkyte.blogspot.com/2008/01/why-do-people-do-this.html

Error while replacing IF statements with DECODE function in procedure

Hi All,
I have created a procedure which has nested IF statements. Now I want to replace the IF statements with DECODE functions to improve performance.
Procedure:
IF (var_int_sev = '0')
THEN
var_sev := '2';
ELSE
SELECT sev
INTO var_int_sev
FROM errorconfig
WHERE errorcode = var_errorcode;
var_sev := var_int_sev;
END IF;
I converted the above IF statement into DECODE function as mentioned below:
var_Sev := DECODE(var_int_sev,0,2,SELECT severity FROM errorconfig WHERE errorcode=var_ErrorCode)
But it throws below error at the select statement used inside DECODE.
Error(58,51): PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol "SELECT" when expecting one of the following: ( - + case mod new not null others <an identifier> <a double-quoted delimited-identifier> <a bind variable> avg count current exists max min prior sql stddev sum variance execute forall merge time timestamp interval date <a string literal with character set specification> <a number> <a single-quoted SQL string> pipe <an alternatively-quoted string literal with character set specification> <an alternativ
Can someone help me in converting the IF to DECODE in the above case. Also how can we use a select statement inside decode.

instead of trying to rewrite all your code and hoping that the performance will be better, it's a better option to investigate and find out which part of your application is slow
read this:
When your query takes too long ...

CASE STATEMENTS AND CASE EXPRESSIONS IN ORACLE9I PL/SQL

제품 : PL/SQL
작성날짜 : 2001-11-13
CASE STATEMENTS AND CASE EXPRESSIONS IN ORACLE9I PL/SQL
=======================================================
PURPOSE
아래의 자료는 Case 문에서 oracle 8.1.7과 Oracle 9i의 New Feature로 8.1.7에서는
sqlplus 에서만 가능했고, 9i 부터는 pl/sql 까지 가능하다.
Explanation
1. Oracle 8.1.7 Feature
Oracle 8.1.7 에서 Case 문은 Decode 문과 유사하지만, 기존의 decode 문을 쓰는 것보다
더 많은 확장성과 Logical Power와 좋은 성능을 제공한다. 주로 나이와 같이 category 별로
나눌때 주로 사용하고 Syntex는 아래와 같다.
CASE WHEN <cond1> THEN <v1> WHEN <cond2> THEN <v2> ... [ELSE <vn+1> ] END
각각의 WHEN...THEN 절의 argument 는 255 까지 가능하고 이 Limit를 해결하려면
Oracle 8i Reference를 참조하면 된다.
The maximum number of arguments in a CASE expression is 255, and each
WHEN ... THEN pair counts as two arguments. To avoid exceeding the limit of 128 choices,
you can nest CASE expressions. That is expr1 can itself be a CASE expression.
Case Example : 한 회사의 모든 종업원의 평균 봉급을 계산하는데 봉급이 $2000보다 작은경우
2000으로 계산을 하는 방법이 pl/sql을 대신하여 case function을 사용할 수 있다.
SELECT AVG(CASE when e.sal > 2000 THEN e.sal ELSE 2000 end) FROM emp e;
Case Example : 나이를 column으로 가지고 있는 customer table을 예로 들어보자.
SQL> SELECT
2 SUM(CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "70-79",
3 SUM(CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 80 AND 89 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "80-89",
4 SUM(CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 90 AND 99 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "90-99",
5 SUM(CASE WHEN age > 99 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "100+"
6 FROM customer;
70-79 80-89 90-99 100+
4 2 3 1
1 SELECT
2 (CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN '70-79'
3 WHEN age BETWEEN 80 and 89 THEN '80-89'
4 WHEN age BETWEEN 90 and 99 THEN '90-99'
5 WHEN age > 99 THEN '100+' END) as age_group,
6 COUNT(*) as age_count
7 FROM customer
8 GROUP BY
9 (CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN '70-79'
10 WHEN age BETWEEN 80 and 89 THEN '80-89'
11 WHEN age BETWEEN 90 and 99 THEN '90-99'
12* WHEN age > 99 THEN '100+' END)
SQL> /
AGE_G AGE_COUNT
100+ 1
70-79 4
80-89 2
90-99 3
Example
2. Oracle 9i Feature
Oracle 9i부터는 pl/sql에서도 case문을 사용할 수 있으면 이것은
복잡한 if-else 구문을 없애고, C언어의 switch문과 같은 기능을 한다.
아래의 9i pl/sql Sample 및 제약 사항을 보면 아래와 같다.
Sample 1:
A simple example demonstrating the proper syntax for a case
statement
using a character variable as the selector. See the section entitled
'Restrictions' at the end of this article for details on which PLSQL
datatypes may appear as a selector in a case statement or
expression.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
begin
case achar
when 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Excellent');
when 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Very Good');
when 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Good');
when 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Fair');
when 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Poor');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was No such Grade');
end case;
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 2:
A simple example demonstrating the proper syntax for a case
expression
using a character variable as the selector. See the section entitled
'Restrictions' at the end of this article for details on which PLSQL
datatypes may appear as a selector in a case statement or
expression.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
description varchar2(20);
begin
description :=
case achar
when 'A' then 'Excellent'
when 'B' then 'Very Good'
when 'C' then 'Good'
when 'D' then 'Fair'
when 'F' then 'Poor'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The description was ' || description);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTE: The above simple samples demonstrate two subtle differences in the
syntax
required for case statements and expressions.
1) A case STATEMENT is terminated using the 'end case' keywords; a
case
EXPRESSION is terminated using only the 'end' keyword.
2) Each item in a case STATEMENT consists of one or more
statements, each
terminated by a semicolon. Each item in a case expression
consists of
exactly one expression, not terminated by a semicolon.
Sample 3:
Sample 1 demonstrates a simple case statement in which the selector
is
compared for equality with each item in the case statement body.
PL/SQL
also provides a 'searched' case statement as an alternative; rather
than
providing a selector and a list of values, each item in the body of
the
case statement provides its own predicate. This predicate can be any
valid boolean expression, but only one case will be selected.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
begin
case
when achar = 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Excellent');
when achar = 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Very
Good');
when achar = 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Good');
when achar = 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Fair');
when achar = 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Poor');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was No such Grade');
end case;
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 4:
This sample demonstrates the proper syntax for a case expression of
the
type discussed in Sample 3 above.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
description varchar2(20);
begin
description :=
case
when achar = 'A' then 'Excellent'
when achar = 'B' then 'Very Good'
when achar = 'C' then 'Good'
when achar = 'D' then 'Fair'
when achar = 'F' then 'Poor'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The description was ' || description);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 5:
This sample demonstrates the use of nested case statements. It is
also
permissable to nest case expressions within a case statement (though
it
is not demonstrated here), but nesting of case statements within a
case
expression is not possible since statements do not return any value.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
anum1 number := &anum1;
anum2 number := &anum2;
answer number;
begin
case anum1
when 1 then case anum2
when 1 then answer := 10;
when 2 then answer := 20;
when 3 then answer := 30;
else answer := 999;
end case;
when 2 then case anum2
when 1 then answer := 15;
when 2 then answer := 25;
when 3 then answer := 35;
else answer := 777;
end case;
else answer := 555;
end case;
dbms_output.put_line('The answer is ' || answer);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 6:
This sample demonstrates nesting of case expressions within another
case
expression. Note again the absence of semicolons to terminate both
the
nested case expression and the individual cases of those
expressions.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
anum1 number := &anum1;
anum2 number := &anum2;
answer number;
begin
answer :=
case anum1
when 1 then case anum2
when 1 then 10
when 2 then 20
when 3 then 30
else 999
end
when 2 then case anum2
when 1 then 15
when 2 then 25
when 3 then 35
else 777
end
else 555
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The answer is ' || answer);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Although PL/SQL anonymous blocks have been used in all of the examples
so far,
case statements and expressions can also be used in procedures,
functions, and
packages with no changes to the syntax.
The following samples are included for completeness and demonstrate the
use of
case statements and/or expressions in each of these scenarios.
Sample 7:
This sample demonstrates use of a case statement in a stored
procedure.
Note that this sample also demonstrates that it is possible for each
of
the items in the case body to consist of more than one statement.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
create or replace procedure testcasestmt ( anum IN number ) is
begin
case
when anum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was One');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 1');
when anum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Two');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 2');
when anum = 3 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Three');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 3');
when anum = 4 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Four');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 4');
when anum = 5 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Five');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 5');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was Invalid input');
dbms_output.put_line('In the else case');
end case;
end;
exec testcasestmt(&anum);
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 8:
This sample demonstrates the use of a case statement in a stored
package.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
create or replace package testpkg2 is
procedure testcasestmt ( anum IN number );
function testcasestmt_f ( anum IN number ) return number;
end testpkg2;
create or replace package body testpkg2 is
procedure testcasestmt ( anum IN number ) is
begin
case
when anum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was One');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 1');
when anum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Two');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 2');
when anum = 3 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Three');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 3');
when anum = 4 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Four');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 4');
when anum = 5 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Five');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 5');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was Invalid input');
dbms_output.put_line('In the else case');
end case;
end;
function testcasestmt_f ( anum IN number ) return number is
begin
case
when anum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was One');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 1');
when anum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Two');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 2');
when anum = 3 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Three');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 3');
when anum = 4 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Four');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 4');
when anum = 5 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Five');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 5');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was Invalid input');
dbms_output.put_line('In the else case');
end case;
return anum;
end;
end testpkg2;
exec testpkg2.testcasestmt(&anum);
variable numout number
exec :numout := testpkg2.testcasestmt_f(&anum);
print numout
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 9:
This sample demonstrates the use of a case expression in a stored
package.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
create or replace package testpkg is
procedure testcase ( anum IN number );
function testcase_f ( anum IN number ) return number;
end testpkg;
create or replace package body testpkg is
procedure testcase ( anum IN number ) is
anumber number := anum;
anothernum number;
begin
anothernum :=
case
when anumber = 1 then anumber + 1
when anumber = 2 then anumber + 2
when anumber = 3 then anumber + 3
when anumber = 4 then anumber + 4
when anumber = 5 then anumber + 5
else 999
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The number was ' || anothernum);
end;
function testcase_f ( anum IN number ) return number is
anumber number := anum;
anothernum number;
begin
anothernum :=
case
when anumber = 1 then anumber + 1
when anumber = 2 then anumber + 2
when anumber = 3 then anumber + 3
when anumber = 4 then anumber + 4
when anumber = 5 then anumber + 5
else 999
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The number was ' || anothernum);
return anothernum;
end;
end testpkg;
variable numout number
exec testpkg.testcase(&anum);
exec :numout := testpkg.testcase_f(&anum);
print numout
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
제약 사항
다음의 databasetype은 case 문에서 지원되지 않는다.
BLOB
BFILE
VARRAY
Nested Table
PL/SQL Record
PL/SQL Version 2 tables (index by tables)
Object type (user-defined type)
All of these types except for object types face a similar restriction
even for if statements (i.e. they cannot be compared for equality directly) so this is unlikely to change for these types. Lack of support for object types is simply an implementation restriction which may be relaxed in future releases.
Reference Ducumment
Oracle 8.1.7 Manual
NOTE:131557.1

I have done the following code but doesn't
like the statement of - "case(butNext)". What do you mean "doesn't like" -- did you get an error message?
I'm guessing it won't compile because you're trying to switch on a Button.
I tried something
like "g.fillOval(100,50,70,90, BorderLayout.NORTH)"...no that doesn't make sense. You only use BorderLayout.NORTH when you're adding components to a BorderLayout layout manager. An oval is not a component and fillOval isn't adding a component and Graphics is not a Panel or layout manager.
Would appreciate it if someone could tell me how to position
shapes using the graohic method. I think the problem is that you're confusing shapes with components.

SQL Loader : Trim and Decode functions help please

Hi,
I have to load data from a flat file, for some columns i need to use TRIM and DECODE functions.It is a pipe delimited file.
I get syntax errors (one is below) same error listed for TRIM.
SQL*Loader-350: Syntax error at line xx.
Expecting "," or ")", found "DECODE".
===========
,FINAL_BILL_DATE CHAR(30) "TRIM(:FINAL_BILL_DATE)"
,BUSINESS_ID "DECODE(:BUSINESS_ID,'B',1,'C',2,'E',3,'G',4,'O',5,'R',6,'T',7,'U',8,'H',9,-1)"
Can anyone please help.
Thanks
Cherrish

Hello Cherrish.
The error you are receiving leads me to believe that at some point prior to the DECODE on the line for BUSINESS_ID, probably some line even before the FINAL_BILL_DATE line, there a syntactical error causing the quotes before the DECODE to actually terminate some other syntax. Without all of the lines that could actually contribute to this, including the header details, this is the best I can advise.
Hope this helps,
Luke
Please mark the answer as helpful or answered if it is so. If not, provide additional details.
Always try to provide create table and insert table statements to help the forum members help you better.

Difference beween Case Statement and Pivot Operator in a OWB mapping

Hi ,
Kindly clarify what is the difference between using a PIVOT operator and the CASE statement in a Expression Operator in a particular mapping.
rgds
Arinjit

Hi
With PIVOT operator you can transform columns to rows. For example if oyu have 12 column (one for every months) than you can create 12 rows with one column of month data.
If you want to do this without PIVOT you can do it with union (12 times) or with
something like this.
In this case you can't use CASE statement I think.
If you want to do the reverse of this, create 12 column from 12 rows, you can use UNPIVOT operator. In this case you can use CASE statement and aggregating.
Ott Karesz
http://www.trendo-kft.hu

Problem w/ Case Statement and Video Capture

Hey!
I've got a question about a topic which seems pretty trivial, but has been giving me quite the trouble for some time now. I was hoping that someone on this forum would be able to help me catch and fix my mistake.
Basically what I'm trying to do is capture video from a camera, run some video analysis for a certain duration, and store the raw footage for that same duration in an avi file. I'm using IMAQdx and a Logitech C920 camera to gather video. When I run the program, I want there to be an output of the raw video on the front panel. When I then hit a button, I would like the camera to save a .avi file of the video for a set number of frames and concurrently run some analysis and display the results on another display on the front panel. The purpose of the raw footage in the .avi file is to be able to run the analysis again at a later date.
I've attached both a screenshot and the .vi file to this post. When I run the current script, I'm confronted with one of two possible errors (not sure why they're different from time to time). The Video Acquisition Block either "Time Out"s or the Write to AVI block issues an incompatible image type error. The reason why I'm baffled by this is because when I take it out of the case statement and have it run with the rest of the program, the .avi file is generated accurately and stored.
Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
Attachments:
Script Image.png ‏39 KB
11_30_12 TrackVIEW.vi ‏271 KB

Greetings,
Would the time out error happen every time you run the VI? In addition, do these errors have a code?
I was able to replicate the issue and initially believe that it might be that we are simultaneously opening two sessions to the same camera. Could you simply take a finite number of images from the first acquisition and chain the second one via sequence structure? It would limit the viewer to only view the video on the other Image Display during saving the AVI, but it might be worthwhile looking into.
It might also be worthwhile to consider enquewing a certain number of images whenever the button is pressed, but that would require some more programming logic.
Cordially;
Simon P.
National Instruments
Applications Engineer

SQL*Loader and DECODE function

Hi All,
I am loading data from data files into oracle tables and while loading the data using SQL*Loader, the following requirement needs to be fulfilled.
1) If OQPR < 300, RB = $ 0-299, SC = "SC1"
2) If 300 < OQPR < 1200, RB = $ 300-1199, SC = "SC2"
3) If 1200 < OQPR < 3000, RB = $ 1200-2999, SC = "SC3"
4) If OQPR > 3000 USD, RB = > $3000, SC = "SC4"
Here OPQR is a field in the data file.
Can anyone suggest how do we handle this using DECODE function? Triggers and PL/SQL functions are not to be used.
TIA.
Regards,
Ravi.

The following expression gives you different values for your different intervals and boundaries :
SIGN(:OQPR - 300) + SIGN(:OQPR - 1200) + SIGN(:OQPR - 3000)

Case Statement in Analytic Function SUM(n) OVER(PARTITION BY x)

Hi Guys,
I have the following SQL that doesn't seem to consider the When clause I am using in the case staement inside the analytic function(SUM). Could somebody let me know why? and suggest the solution?
Select SUM(Case When (A.Flag = 'B' and B.Status != 'C') Then (NVL(A.Amount_Cr, 0) - (NVL(A.Amount_Dr,0))) Else 0 End) OVER (PARTITION BY A.Period_Year) Annual_amount
     , A.period_year
     , B.status
, A.Flag
from A, B, C
where A.period_year = 2006
and C.Account = '301010'
--and B.STATUS != 'C'
--and A.Flag = 'B'
and A.Col_x = B.Col_x
and A.Col_y = C.Col_y
When I use this SQL, I get
Annual_Amount Period_Year Status Flag
5721017.5 --------- 2006 ---------- C -------- B
5721017.5 --------- 2006 ---------- O -------- B
5721017.5 --------- 2006 ---------- NULL ----- A
And when I put the conditions in the where clause, I get
Annual_Amount Period_Year Status Flag
5721017.5 ---------- 2006 ---------- O -------- B

Here are some scripts,
create table testtable1 ( ColxID number(10), ColyID number(10) , Periodname varchar2(15), Flag varchar2(1), Periodyear number(15), debit number, credit number)
insert into testtable1 values(1, 1000, 'JAN-06', 'A', 2006, 7555523.71, 7647668)
insert into testtable1 values(2, 1001, 'FEB-06', 'B', 2006, 112710, 156047)
insert into testtable1 values(3, 1002, 'MAR-06', 'A', 2006, 200.57, 22376.43)
insert into testtable1 values(4, 1003, 'APR-06', 'B', 2006, 0, 53846)
insert into testtable1 values(5, 1004, 'MAY-06', 'A', 2006, 6349227.19, 6650278.03)
create table testtable2 ( ColxID number(10), Account number(10))
insert into testtable2 values(1, 300100)
insert into testtable2 values(2, 300200)
insert into testtable2 values(3, 300300)
insert into testtable2 values(4, 300400)
insert into testtable2 values(5, 300500)
create table apps.testtable3 ( ColyID number(10), Status varchar2(1))
insert into testtable3 values(1000, 'C')
insert into testtable3 values(1001, 'O')
insert into testtable3 values(1002, 'C')
My SQL:
select t1.periodyear
     , SUM(Case When (t1.Flag = 'B' and t3.Status != 'C') Then (NVL(t1.credit, 0) - (NVL(t1.debit,0))) Else 0 End) OVER (PARTITION BY t1.PeriodYear)
     Annual_amount
     , t1.flag
     , t3.status
     , t2.account
from testtable1 t1, testtable2 t2, testtable3 t3
where t1.colxid = t2.colxid
and t1.colyid = t3.colyid(+)
--and t1.Flag = 'B' and t3.Status != 'C'
Result:
PeriodYear ----- AnnualAmount ----- Flag ----- Status ----- Account
2006 ------------------ 43337 --------------- A ----------- C ---------- 300100
2006 ------------------ 43337 --------------- B ----------- O ---------- 300200
2006 ------------------ 43337 --------------- A ----------- C ---------- 300300
2006 ------------------ 43337 --------------- B ------------ ----------- 300400
2006 ------------------ 43337 --------------- A ------------ ----------- 300500
With condition "t1.Flag = 'B' and t3.Status != 'C'" in where clause instead of in Case statement, Result is (which is desired)
PeriodYear ----- AnnualAmount ----- Flag ----- Status ----- Account
2006 ------------------ 43337 --------------- B ----------- O ---------- 300200

CASE Statement error in function -- Please help!

Hi All,
I created a function in my report.
It has a SQL query similar to the one below. The query works fine in SQL plus.
It has a CASE statement. I am getting error at line4 at the select statement. Error is: "Encountered symbol 'SELECT'....."
Can we use CASE statements like this in reports that use SELECT statements for RETURN EXPRESSIONS. Do we have to do any special?
Can someone help me out of this trouble?
THanks in advance.
SELECT PARENT_id,
     CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT PARENT_id FROM CHILD CH1 WHERE CH1.PARENT_id = PARENT.PARENT_id AND UPPER(CH1.description) LIKE '%ABC%') THEN
          (SELECT CH2.MOD_id FROM CHILD CH2 WHERE CH2.PARENT_id = PARENT.PARENT_id AND UPPER(CH2.description) LIKE '%ABC%')
     ELSE
          (SELECT MOD_id FROM
          (SELECT MOD_id,PARENT_id FROM CHILD CH3 ORDER BY started) MOD2 WHERE MOD2.PARENT_id = PARENT.PARENT_id AND ROWNUM = 1
     END
) MOD_ID
FROM PARENT;

take out the parentheses after the PARENT_ID and see
like below
SELECT parent_id,
       CASE
          WHEN EXISTS (
                 SELECT parent_id
                   FROM CHILD ch1
                  WHERE ch1.parent_id = PARENT.parent_id
                    AND UPPER (ch1.description) LIKE '%ABC%')
             THEN (SELECT ch2.mod_id
                     FROM CHILD ch2
                    WHERE ch2.parent_id = PARENT.parent_id
                      AND UPPER (ch2.description) LIKE '%ABC%')
          ELSE (SELECT mod_id
                  FROM (SELECT   mod_id, parent_id
                            FROM CHILD ch3
                        ORDER BY started) mod2
                 WHERE mod2.parent_id = PARENT.parent_id AND ROWNUM = 1)
       END AS mod_id
FROM PARENT;

Case statement to decode

Hello,
I am used to using case within my select statements, I need to use decode if possible for this one. Its for a record group within in forms, and the case statement is not working. Could someone please help me write this with decode instead of case?
SELECT CASE
       WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 168 AND 216 THEN 1 --14 to 18
       WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 217 AND 252 THEN 2 --18 to 21
       WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 253 AND 780 THEN 3 --21 to 65
       WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) > 780 then 4 --older than 65
       ELSE NULL END
FROM mw_clients cThanks in advance!
Jim P.

Below solution is very easy to write.
But I think that performance will be bad.Not really as dual is internal to the SQL engine so there's little difference between the two...
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 with mw_clients as (select add_months(sysdate,-200) as birth_dt from dual union
2                      select add_months(sysdate,-220) from dual union
3                      select add_months(sysdate,-400) from dual)
4 -- END OF TEST DATA
5 select 4+
6         decode(Least(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),168),
7                168,decode(greatest(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),216),
8                           216,-3,0)
9                ,0)+
10         decode(Least(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),217),
11                217,decode(greatest(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),252),
12                           252,-2,0)
13                ,0)+
14         decode(Least(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),253),
15                253,decode(greatest(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),780),
16                           780,-1,0)
17                ,0) as result
18* from mw_clients c
SQL> /
    RESULT
         3
         2
         1
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
Execution Plan
Plan hash value: 1277652150
| Id | Operation        | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |      |     3 |    27 |     9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 | VIEW            |      |     3 |    27 |     9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   SORT UNIQUE    |      |     3 |       |     9 (78)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    UNION-ALL     |      |       |       |            |          |
|   4 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   5 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   6 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
Statistics
          1 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
          0 consistent gets
          0 physical reads
          0 redo size
        456 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          1 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          3 rows processed
SQL>
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 with mw_clients as (select add_months(sysdate,-200) as birth_dt from dual union
2                      select add_months(sysdate,-220) from dual union
3                      select add_months(sysdate,-400) from dual)
4 -- END OF TEST DATA
5 select c.birth_dt,
6         (select 1 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 168 AND 216 union
7          select 2 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 217 AND 252 union
8          select 3 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 253 AND 780 union
9          select 4 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) > 780
10         ) as result
11* from mw_clients c
SQL> /
BIRTH_DT                RESULT
06/08/1974 10:15:39          3
06/08/1989 10:15:39          2
06/04/1991 10:15:39          1
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
Execution Plan
Plan hash value: 706016619
| Id | Operation        | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |      |     3 |    27 |     9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 | SORT UNIQUE     |      |     4 |       |    12 (84)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   UNION-ALL      |      |       |       |            |          |
|* 3 |    FILTER        |      |       |       |            |          |
|   4 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 5 |    FILTER        |      |       |       |            |          |
|   6 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 7 |    FILTER        |      |       |       |            |          |
|   8 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 9 |    FILTER        |      |       |       |            |          |
| 10 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 11 | VIEW            |      |     3 |    27 |     9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
| 12 |   SORT UNIQUE    |      |     3 |       |     9 (78)| 00:00:01 |
| 13 |    UNION-ALL     |      |       |       |            |          |
| 14 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 15 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 16 |     FAST DUAL    |      |     1 |       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
   3 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)<=216 AND
              MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B2)>=168)
   5 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)<=252 AND
              MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B2)>=217)
   7 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)<=780 AND
              MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B2)>=253)
   9 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)>780)
Statistics
          1 recursive calls
          0 db block gets
          0 consistent gets
          0 physical reads
          0 redo size
        538 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          4 sorts (memory)
          0 sorts (disk)
          3 rows processed
SQL> ed

Group by and decode function

Can I use a group by on a decode?
I am using the sql below and get an error message when I
try to use the group by on a decode.
select decode(assignment.catcodeid,
'D', 'SERVICE REQUESTS AND MAINTENANCE',
'U', 'SERVICE REQUESTS AND MAINTENANCE',
'P', 'SERVICE REQUESTS AND MAINTENANCE',
'E', 'SERVICE REQUESTS AND MAINTENANCE',
'R', 'SERVICE REQUESTS AND MAINTENANCE',
'T', 'EDUCATION',
'O', 'OVERHEAD',
'L', 'UNPAID LEAVE',
'V', 'VACATION',
'S', 'SICK PAY',
'H', 'HOLIDAY',
'C', 'COMP TIME',
'UNKNOWN ACTIVITY') "ACTIVITY",
assignment.catcodeid, assignment.esthrs,
SUM(ASSIGNMENT.ESTHRS)
FROM ASSIGNMENT
GROUP BY ACTIVITY, catcodeid, esthrs
The error is
ORA-00904: "ACTIVITY": invalid identifier
It is understood that Activity is not a field
on the table.
But, is there a way that I can group by the result of
a decode function or what other method/advice I can use to
group by the result of this.
Thanks is advance.

Hello
You just need to put the decode statement in the group by as well, you can't just use the alias...And if you just group by the catcodeid, you won't be putting all of the SERVICE REQUESTS AND MAINTENANCE rows together. But, because you are selecting the catcodeid aswell as decoding it, that will happen anyway.
HTH

Turn a case statement into a function

I have a case statement (from an earlier post - thank you) that works. I was wondering if it could be edited and change into a function instead. I think it would be cleaner. The variable is set in the Form Properties (pCounterA).
switch (pCounterA.value)
    case "1":
    profileA__1image.rawValue = profileA_1image.value.image.value;
    pCounterA.value = "2";
    break;
    case "2":
    profileA__1image.rawValue = profileA_2image.value.image.value;
    pCounterA.value = "3";
    break;
    case "3":
    profileA__1image.rawValue = profileA_3image.value.image.value;
    pCounterA.value = "4";
    break;
    case "4":
    profileA__1image.rawValue = profileA_4image.value.image.value;
    pCounterA.value = "5";
    break;
    case "5":
    profileA__1image.rawValue = profileA_5image.value.image.value;
    pCounterA.value = "1"; // loops back to the first image
    break;

Hi,
If you insert a script object by right clicking on the root container (often "form1"). It will appear unnamed in the root / variables in the hierarchy.
First of all you should name the script object, staying away from reserved names, eg "this". Say "myScripts"
Script objects can only contain Javascript, so you would need to convert FormCalc scripts (not an issue in your case).
When you go into the script object, you start off a function with "function" followed by its name and inputs in brackets. The extent of the function is given by curly brackets:
function changeImage(vCounter)
     switch (vCounter)
         case "1":
         profileA__1image.rawValue = profileA_1image.value.image.value;
         pCounterA.value = "2";
         break;
     } // close switch statement
} // close function
Back in the form you can call the function by referencing the name of the script object and the name of the function.
myScripts.changeImage(pCounterA.value);
A couple of things to note:
The input in the script can refer to an objects value or a global variable, but in the function you can assign it s different name. So above the input pCounterA.value is EQUAL to vCounter in the function;
You can have several inputs in the call for the function separated by commas;
Don't have the same name for the script object AND the function
Hope that helps,
Niall

Case Statement and Group By issues

Hi this is my initial query which works perfectly:
select ff.cla_case_no, Cost_before_Decision, Cost_Of_Claim, decline, Decline_Description from
fraud_nov_14_final ff
,(select cla_case_no, (sum(total_cost_adj_old) + sum(decline_estimate)) Cost_before_Decision
from reporting.ci_final@test
group by cla_case_no) z
where ff.cla_case_no = z.cla_case_noI now want to add in a condition based on a column called decline:
select ff.cla_case_no, Cost_before_Decision, Cost_Of_Claim, ff.decline, Decline_Description from
fraud_nov_14_final ff
,(select cla_case_no, (case when decline = 1 or decline = 2 THEN (sum(total_cost_adj_old) + sum(decline_estimate)) ELSE Total_Cost END) Cost_before_Decision
from reporting.ci_final@test
group by cla_case_no) z
where ff.cla_case_no = z.cla_case_noThe error message I receive is :
ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
00979. 00000 - "not a GROUP BY expression"
Thanks in advance for your help!!
Banner:
Oracle Database 11g Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
"CORE 11.2.0.2.0 Production"
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production

You would need DECLINE in the group by clause of your inner query.
Additionally you would need to change TOTAL_COST to SUM(TOTAL_COST) in where case statement.
But then you would retrieve one row for each value of DECLINE in this query.
You also could use this:
(I don't know if it will meet your requirements)
SELECT ff.cla_case_no,
                 cost_before_decision,
                 cost_of_claim,
                 ff.decline,
                 decline_description
FROM fraud_nov_14_final ff,
                 (SELECT   cla_case_no,
                           SUM (decode(decline,1,total_cost_adj_old+decline_estimate,
                                               2,total_cost_adj_old+decline_estimate,
                                               total_cost)) cost_before_decision
                                FROM reporting.ci_final@test
                  GROUP BY cla_case_no) z
WHERE ff.cla_case_no = z.cla_case_no;(untested code, because I don't have your tables)
Edited by: hm on 23.11.2011 06:52

Just a FYI regarding Case statements in ORacle 8i in pl/sql

Well..I saw numerous posts in this forum regarding not being able to do case statement within pl/sql. Well..you can do
that using dynamic SQL. IT works like a champ.

Hi,
Try first to (re)compile ll invalid objects. then
you can run:
select owner,type,count(*) from all_errors
group by owner,typeif you still have uncompiled objects, then report the different errors:
select * from all_errors...

Regarding case statement and decode function

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