Routing from internal network to external (internet) - is this possible ?
Hi all,
I know that private IPs cannot be used on the internet. But what will be the component that is preventing it ?
In this setup below, assuming i am assigned a /24 public ip block, but i am not going to use or assigned them (e.g. NAT), how/where will my packet from host 1 to 8.8.8.8 be dropped ?
Regards
Noob
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Posting
Well, as Jon has already noted, packet is forwarded only by its destination IP. Which means, if the original packet has only a private IP in its source address, it won't be involved in the forwarding decision. (Again, the source IP might still be subjected to analysis that will block the packet at some point.)
So, your private IP will only be a routing consideration if the receiving host is trying to reply and use your original source IP as the return packet's destinations IP. (I suspect you understand the foregoing, but I did want to insure there's no misunderstanding.)
Ok, so if the original destination host generates a packet with a private IP for destination IP, it would be (most likely be) treated, from that host, like any other packet that host generates with a private IP in the destination. I.e. The network will attempt to deliver it.
If the prefix destination is totally unknown, the packet will be dropped unless the forwarding router has a default route (or aggregate) that covers it.
Assuming there's a local private subnet, that matches the destination, the network will deliver it to that network, and if there's a host with that actual private IP, the packet will be delivered to it. Usually, the overlapping private IP host will drop the packet, as it won't have process expecting the packet, but it's possible, a process is might accept the packet and attempt to process it. Then, most likely, the process will go "huh?" and drop the packet. However, it's also possible the newly receiving host will reply to your original receiving host, i.e. those hosts will now fling packets back-and-forth, because of your original packet. Again, this is all very unlikely normally, more so if the network isn't "sloppy", but such routing is the basis for some DDoS attacks. (For example, I place another host's IP in my packet's source IP, and then send out ping to the network broadcast IP. Hosts receiving the ping will send a ping reply to the host I targeted.)
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Routing and Remote access - internal network not accessing internet through public network!
Hello,
Good Evening to all.
I got an issue in routing and remote access on windows 2003 server. This server is already configured as File server, domain server and Application server. Also configured as router (through routing & remote access) for connecting three different
network to each other. So This server has three NIC card installed and each NIC card represent separate network.
three different network are - 192.42.160.0/24 , 192.42.161.0/24, 192.42.162.0/24
Three NIC card installed on server as with following IP address -
NIC -1 = 192.42.160.220 , Sub- 255.255.255.0 , Gateway - NO
NIC -2 = 192.42.161.220 , Sub- 255.255.255.0 , Gateway - 192.161.220.112 (This ip for internet access so 4g router IP)
NIC -3 = 192.42.162.220, , Sub- 255.255.255.0 , Gateway - NO
Now the issue is I can reach to internet & (also pinging to router ip 192.42.161.112) from only one network that is - 192.42.161.0/24 , BUT when I trying to access internet from another two network (192.42.160.0/24 & 192.42.162.0/24) I cant access
it and moreover can't ping to internet router ip - 192.42.161.112...
So how I can access to internet from other two network also?
I was already configured static routing for all three network but still I was not success. really I don't know what exactly static routing it should be done in routing & remote access so that all three network can reach to internet?
Sorry if I am not able to explain properly. Please let me know if you need more explain on this...
Thanks to all.Dear Milos,
I am happy to hear from you....
1.- Actually the setup was done long before by another guy and right now I don't want to change it.
Nice to hear from you! Thank you so much. Actually this is first time I am using technet forum upon the suggestion from one of the my friend. So any your help from you will help me a great in this issue...
I ran the route print command and given follow are the results.
I have only added the default route as per the below routes. Please guide me know how to add other static routes for three network.
D:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>route print
IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...00 30 05 ad 8f 5c ...... Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet - Teefer2 Mi
niport
0x3 ...00 0e 0c a7 c4 f8 ...... Intel(R) PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter - Teefer2 M
iniport
0x4 ...00 0e 0c a7 c5 85 ...... Intel(R) PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter #2 - Teefer
2 Miniport
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.42.161.112 192.42.161.220 1
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
192.42.160.0 255.255.255.0 192.42.160.220 192.42.160.220 20
192.42.160.220 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.42.160.255 255.255.255.255 192.42.160.220 192.42.160.220 20
192.42.161.0 255.255.255.0 192.42.161.220 192.42.161.220 20
192.42.161.220 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.42.161.255 255.255.255.255 192.42.161.220 192.42.161.220 20
192.42.162.0 255.255.255.0 192.42.162.220 192.42.162.220 20
192.42.162.220 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.42.162.255 255.255.255.255 192.42.162.220 192.42.162.220 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.42.160.220 192.42.160.220 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.42.161.220 192.42.161.220 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.42.162.220 192.42.162.220 20
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.42.160.220 192.42.160.220 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.42.161.220 192.42.161.220 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.42.162.220 192.42.162.220 1
Default Gateway: 192.42.161.112
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
Regards & Thanks
Mahesh -
Cisco ASA 5505 Routing between internal networks
Hi,
I am new to Cisco ASA and have been configuring my new firewall but one thing have been bothering. I cannot get internal networks and routing between them to work as I would like to. Goal is to set four networks and control access with ACL:s between those.
1. Outside
2. DMZ
3. ServerNet1
4. Inside
ASA version is 9.1 and i have been reading on two different ways on handling IP routing with this. NAT Exempt and not configuring NAT at all and letting normal IP routing to handle internal networks. No matter how I configure, with or without NAT I cannot get access from inside network to DMZ or from ServerNet1 to DMZ. Strange thing is that I can access services from DMZ to Inside and ServerNet1 if access list allows it. For instance DNS server is on Inside network and DMZ works great using it.
Here is the running conf:
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 20
interface Ethernet0/1
switchport access vlan 20
interface Ethernet0/2
switchport access vlan 19
interface Ethernet0/3
switchport access vlan 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,19-20
switchport trunk native vlan 1
interface Ethernet0/4
switchport access vlan 10
interface Ethernet0/5
switchport access vlan 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-11,19-20
switchport trunk native vlan 1
switchport mode trunk
interface Ethernet0/6
switchport access vlan 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-11,19-20
switchport trunk native vlan 1
switchport mode trunk
interface Ethernet0/7
switchport access vlan 10
interface Vlan10
nameif inside
security-level 90
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan11
nameif ServerNet1
security-level 100
ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan19
nameif DMZ
security-level 10
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan20
nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address dhcp setroute
ftp mode passive
clock timezone EEST 2
clock summer-time EEDT recurring last Sun Mar 3:00 last Sun Oct 4:00
object network obj_any
subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
object network obj-192.168.2.0
subnet 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
object network obj-192.168.3.0
subnet 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
object network DNS
host 192.168.2.10
description DNS Liikenne
object network Srv2
host 192.168.2.10
description DC, DNS, DNCP
object network obj-192.168.4.0
subnet 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
object network ServerNet1
subnet 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
object-group protocol TCPUDP
protocol-object udp
protocol-object tcp
object-group network RFC1918
object-group network InternalNetworks
network-object 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
network-object 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
object-group service DM_INLINE_SERVICE_1
service-object tcp destination eq domain
service-object udp destination eq domain
service-object udp destination eq nameserver
service-object udp destination eq ntp
object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_1 tcp
port-object eq www
port-object eq https
port-object eq ftp
port-object eq ftp-data
object-group service rdp tcp-udp
description Microsoft RDP
port-object eq 3389
object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_2 tcp
port-object eq ftp
port-object eq ftp-data
port-object eq www
port-object eq https
object-group service DM_INLINE_SERVICE_2
service-object tcp destination eq domain
service-object udp destination eq domain
object-group network DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1
network-object object obj-192.168.2.0
network-object object obj-192.168.4.0
access-list dmz_access_in extended permit ip object obj-192.168.3.0 object obj_any
access-list dmz_access_in extended deny ip any object-group InternalNetworks
access-list DMZ_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.3.0 object DNS eq domain
access-list DMZ_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.3.0 object-group DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1 object-group rdp
access-list DMZ_access_in extended deny ip any object-group InternalNetworks
access-list DMZ_access_in extended permit tcp object obj-192.168.3.0 object obj_any object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_2
access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip object obj-192.168.2.0 object-group InternalNetworks
access-list inside_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.2.0 object obj_any object-group rdp
access-list inside_access_in extended permit tcp object obj-192.168.2.0 object obj_any object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_1
access-list inside_access_in extended permit object-group DM_INLINE_SERVICE_1 object Srv2 object obj_any
access-list inside_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.2.0 object obj-192.168.3.0 object-group rdp
access-list ServerNet1_access_in extended permit object-group DM_INLINE_SERVICE_2 any object DNS
access-list ServerNet1_access_in extended permit ip any any
pager lines 24
logging enable
logging asdm informational
mtu ServerNet1 1500
mtu inside 1500
mtu DMZ 1500
mtu outside 1500
no failover
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
asdm image disk0:/asdm-711-52.bin
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
no arp permit-nonconnected
nat (inside,DMZ) source static obj-192.168.2.0 obj-192.168.2.0 destination static obj-192.168.2.0 obj-192.168.2.0 no-proxy-arp
object network obj_any
nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface
nat (DMZ,outside) after-auto source dynamic obj_any interface destination static obj_any obj_any
nat (ServerNet1,outside) after-auto source dynamic obj-192.168.4.0 interface
access-group ServerNet1_access_in in interface ServerNet1
access-group inside_access_in in interface inside
access-group DMZ_access_in in interface DMZ
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout pat-xlate 0:00:30
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00
timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute
timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00
timeout floating-conn 0:00:00
dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy
user-identity default-domain LOCAL
aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
http server enable
http 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 inside
http 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 ServerNet1
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart warmstart
crypto ipsec security-association pmtu-aging infinite
crypto ca trustpool policy
telnet timeout 5
ssh 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 ServerNet1
ssh 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 inside
ssh timeout 5
console timeout 0
dhcpd auto_config outside
threat-detection basic-threat
threat-detection statistics access-list
no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
message-length maximum client auto
message-length maximum 512
policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect dns preset_dns_map
inspect ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect h323 ras
inspect rsh
inspect rtsp
inspect esmtp
inspect sqlnet
inspect skinny
inspect sunrpc
inspect xdmcp
inspect sip
inspect netbios
inspect tftp
inspect ip-options
inspect icmp
service-policy global_policy global
prompt hostname context
no call-home reporting anonymousHi Jouni,
Yep, Finnish would be good also =)
In front of ASA is DSL modem, on the trunk ports is Hyper-V host that uses the trunk ports so that every VM has their VLAN ID defined in the VM level. Everything is working good on that end. Also there is WLAN Access Pois on one of the ASA ports, on the WLAN AP there is the management portal address on DMZ that i have been testing agains (192.168.3.4)
If i configure Dynamic PAT from inside to the DMZ then the traffic starts to work from inside to all hosts on DMZ but thats not the right way to do it so no shortcuts =)
Here is the conf now, still doesnt work:
interface Ethernet0/0
switchport access vlan 20
interface Ethernet0/1
switchport access vlan 20
interface Ethernet0/2
switchport access vlan 19
interface Ethernet0/3
switchport access vlan 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,19-20
switchport trunk native vlan 1
interface Ethernet0/4
switchport access vlan 10
interface Ethernet0/5
switchport access vlan 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-11,19-20
switchport trunk native vlan 1
switchport mode trunk
interface Ethernet0/6
switchport access vlan 10
switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-11,19-20
switchport trunk native vlan 1
switchport mode trunk
interface Ethernet0/7
switchport access vlan 10
interface Vlan10
nameif inside
security-level 90
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan11
nameif ServerNet1
security-level 100
ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan19
nameif DMZ
security-level 10
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan20
nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address dhcp setroute
ftp mode passive
clock timezone EEST 2
clock summer-time EEDT recurring last Sun Mar 3:00 last Sun Oct 4:00
object network obj_any
subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
object network obj-192.168.2.0
subnet 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
object network obj-192.168.3.0
subnet 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
object network DNS
host 192.168.2.10
description DNS Liikenne
object network Srv2
host 192.168.2.10
description DC, DNS, DNCP
object network obj-192.168.4.0
subnet 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
object network ServerNet1
subnet 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
object-group protocol TCPUDP
protocol-object udp
protocol-object tcp
object-group network RFC1918
object-group network InternalNetworks
network-object 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
network-object 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
object-group service DM_INLINE_SERVICE_1
service-object tcp destination eq domain
service-object udp destination eq domain
service-object udp destination eq nameserver
service-object udp destination eq ntp
object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_1 tcp
port-object eq www
port-object eq https
port-object eq ftp
port-object eq ftp-data
object-group service rdp tcp-udp
description Microsoft RDP
port-object eq 3389
object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_2 tcp
port-object eq ftp
port-object eq ftp-data
port-object eq www
port-object eq https
object-group service DM_INLINE_SERVICE_2
service-object tcp destination eq domain
service-object udp destination eq domain
object-group network DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1
network-object object obj-192.168.2.0
network-object object obj-192.168.4.0
object-group network DEFAULT-PAT-SOURCE
description Default PAT source networks
network-object 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
network-object 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
network-object 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
access-list dmz_access_in extended permit ip object obj-192.168.3.0 object obj_any
access-list dmz_access_in extended deny ip any object-group InternalNetworks
access-list DMZ_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.3.0 object DNS eq domain
access-list DMZ_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.3.0 object-group DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1 object-group rdp
access-list DMZ_access_in extended deny ip any object-group InternalNetworks
access-list DMZ_access_in extended permit tcp object obj-192.168.3.0 object obj_any object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_2
access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip object obj-192.168.2.0 object-group InternalNetworks
access-list inside_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.2.0 object obj_any object-group rdp
access-list inside_access_in extended permit tcp object obj-192.168.2.0 object obj_any object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_1
access-list inside_access_in extended permit object-group DM_INLINE_SERVICE_1 object Srv2 object obj_any
access-list inside_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP object obj-192.168.2.0 object obj-192.168.3.0 object-group rdp
access-list ServerNet1_access_in extended permit object-group DM_INLINE_SERVICE_2 any object DNS
access-list ServerNet1_access_in extended permit ip any any
pager lines 24
logging enable
logging asdm informational
mtu ServerNet1 1500
mtu inside 1500
mtu DMZ 1500
mtu outside 1500
no failover
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
asdm image disk0:/asdm-711-52.bin
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400
no arp permit-nonconnected
nat (any,outside) after-auto source dynamic DEFAULT-PAT-SOURCE interface
access-group ServerNet1_access_in in interface ServerNet1
access-group inside_access_in in interface inside
access-group DMZ_access_in in interface DMZ
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout pat-xlate 0:00:30
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00
timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute
timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00
timeout floating-conn 0:00:00
dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy
user-identity default-domain LOCAL
aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
http server enable
http 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 inside
http 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 ServerNet1
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart warmstart
crypto ipsec security-association pmtu-aging infinite
crypto ca trustpool policy
telnet timeout 5
ssh 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 ServerNet1
ssh 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 inside
ssh timeout 5
console timeout 0
dhcpd auto_config outside
threat-detection basic-threat
threat-detection statistics access-list
no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept
class-map inspection_default
match default-inspection-traffic
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
parameters
message-length maximum client auto
message-length maximum 512
policy-map global_policy
class inspection_default
inspect dns preset_dns_map
inspect ftp
inspect h323 h225
inspect h323 ras
inspect rsh
inspect rtsp
inspect esmtp
inspect sqlnet
inspect skinny
inspect sunrpc
inspect xdmcp
inspect sip
inspect netbios
inspect tftp
inspect ip-options
inspect icmp
service-policy global_policy global
prompt hostname context
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On the Touch log out of the iCloud account.
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My wife surprised me with the base level 5K iMac. It has the 1TB Fusion drive. I wish it had been upgraded to an SSD but it's too late now, I'm stuck with it. I self-upgraded to 32Mb RAM already.
To get the best performance, would you recommend using an external SSD as a startup/boot disk, and running everything - OS X, apps, etc - from there?
Would I see meaningful performance benefits, or should I just stick with the Fusion Drive?Fusion is SSD (at least in part).
It combines the SSD with a spinning HD. I think you can opt to divide it into 2 separate disks if you are willing to reinstall the OS (or do some major juggling).
I think the OS installer will try to force a fusion drive on supported Macs, but you may be able to clone or restore to each disk instead.
You could buy a large SSD & run it from Thunderbolt if you want, but fusion is intended to put the most used files on the SSD with the rest on the HD.
Some people don't like Fusion since it uses Core storage (& is new and confusing). Personally I'd give it a go to see if it performs well enough.
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