Should be simple - how do I see the length of a clip?
I know "clip" isn't the right word — I'm talking about any movable fragment of audio, be it a loop or something I recorded or whatever. What are these fragments called, and where can I see how long it is in seconds?
The "clips" are called regions in GB - so much for nomenclature. The only way to determine the length is to switch the LED display to show real time (the clock symbol) and either to the math (subtract start time from end time) or move the region to the zero point briefly, read its length, and hit "undo" to put it back where it belongs.
Similar Messages
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How do I see the duration of a clip in the timeline ?
Hi there,
How do I see the duration of a clip in the timeline ?
How do I change the duration by typing in a number (instead of dragging its ends) ?
ThanksTom Wolsky wrote:
Select the clip. The display at the bottom of the timeline window will tell you the clips duration.
Control-D will open the duration display in the dashboard.
Control-D is the same as right click & select "Change Duration" ?
But where is the dashboard ? Nothing pops out ! (ie no new windows appear)
Any ideas ? -
How do I set the length of each clip?
I have just begun trying to build a video with Premiere Elements 10
I have created many videos with Windows Movie Maker..found it boring for Effects etc.that's why I have this new software.
Now my question is ..How do I set the time for each clip?
I like to add a clip that goes with each lyric in the song.
Thanks.Welcome to the forum.
As Steve points out, that is "editing."
One can use either of two Tools in PrE, to Trim the Clip to suit.
First, one can Dbl-click on the Clip in the Project Panel to open it in the Source Monitor, which looks a bit like the Program Monitor, but it has the In & Out Point settings. When that Clip has been Trimmed, as needed in the Source Monitor, just drag it to the Timeline.
Or, one can drag the Clip to the Timeline, and then click+drag on the Head of the Clip to set its In Point, and on the Tail, to set the Out Point.
Good luck,
Hunt -
How to see the length of a call made or received on my BB 9360
How do I see the length of a call made or received on my Blacberry 9360? I've tried to set it or see in the caller log history, but no success. Where or how do I do this? In my previous blackberry I could do this.
orosjopie wrote:
Thanks, but how do I do this as my Blackberry 9380 Curve is only touchscreen phone.
Hey orosjopie
Sorry for that , but on your initial post you mention that you had a Curve 9360.... Right !
If you have a 9380 then can try this :
On your Homescreen press Dial key > it will show Call log > Highlight the Contact or Call you want to know the call duration > Press the Menu key > View > History > Highlight any particular call > Press the Menu key > Click on Details .
Click " Like " if you want to Thank someone.
If Problem Resolves mark the post(s) as " Solution ", so that other can make use of it. -
I have rented a movie on iTunes. It is supposed to download immediately. How can I see the progress of my download? I cannot play my movie at this time.
Hi Bemma Bob,
Thanks for using Apple Support Communities. This article has some information about estimated download times from the iTunes Store:
iTunes Store: Download times will vary
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1577
If you were not able to watch the movie, you can report this to the iTunes Store by following this article:
How to report an issue with your iTunes Store, App Store, Mac App Store, or iBookstore purchase
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1933
Cheers,
- Ari -
How do I see the Kernel patch level in Java ONLY instance?
Could someone please tell me How do I see the Kernel patch level in a Java ONLY instance?
In Abap, it is simple!
In Java I see in the System Info: Kernel Version: 7.00 PatchLevel 108458.44
BUT that doesn't correspond to the real patch level which I can see when I do disp+work which gave me 111Hello Yechezkel,
I am not sure whether the patch number you are looking for is available.
Typically you can use "-v" to display the patch level of SAP kernel programs. When I run "jcontrol -v" or "jlaunch -v", the patch number is blank (at least on the 6.40 release I checked)
The SP level should be able to tell how current the Java instance is updated, especially for NetWeaver 7 systems always patched with JSPM stack.
Best regards,
Victor -
I used Time Machine to recover my Pictures folder. This created a folder called Pictures (original) but I cannot open it. There is a do not enter roadsign, red disk and white bar on it. How can I see the contents?
Repairing the permissions of a home folder in Lion is a complicated procedure. I don’t know of a simpler one that always works.
Launch the Terminal application in any of the following ways:
☞ Enter the first few letters of its name into a Spotlight search. Select it in the results (it should be at the top.)
☞ In the Finder, select Go ▹ Utilities from the menu bar, or press the key combination shift-command-U. The application is in the folder that opens.
☞ Open LaunchPad. Click Utilities, then Terminal in the page that opens.
Drag or copy — do not type — the following line into the Terminal window, then press return:
chmod -R -N ~
The command will take a noticeable amount of time to run. When a new line ending in a dollar sign ($) appears below what you entered, it’s done. You may see a few error messages about an “invalid argument” while the command is running. You can ignore those. If you get an error message with the words “Permission denied,” enter this:
sudo !!
You'll be prompted for your login password, which won't be displayed when you type it. You may get a one-time warning not to screw up.
Next, boot from your recovery partition by holding down the key combination command-R at startup. Release the keys when you see a gray screen with a spinning dial.
When the recovery desktop appears, select Utilities ▹ Terminal from the menu bar.
In the Terminal window, enter “resetpassword” (without the quotes) and press return. A Reset Password window opens. You’re not going to reset the password.
Select your boot volume if not already selected.
Select your username from the menu labeled Select the user account if not already selected.
Under Reset Home Directory Permissions and ACLs, click the Reset button.
Select ▹ Restart from the menu bar. -
How I can see the amount of sticky entries exist on CSM
Hi everyone,
I would like to know how I can see the amount of sticky entries exist on CSM.
I understand I can not see the amount of sticky entries by executing one "show"
command on Cat6k/CSM.
So I have to calculate several output of "show ip slb sticky" to see it.
However, I would like to get it by simple way.
So I tried the following test by using SNMP (SNMP-GET point to several instance
of "slbStats", of 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.161.1.1.1.1)
Client ----- CSM ----- Server
1: Reboot CSM to clear/initialize sticky table
2: Client send ping to Server to confirm that the result of counter of "slbStats"
remains zero (0).
In this case, I understand CSM should not create an entry on sticky table because
the packet pass through CSM is not either TCP or UDP.
3: Then I tried to SNMP-GET to CSM point to several instance of "slbStats"
The result of this SNMP-GET is as follows:
Before sending ping
slbStatsCreatedConnections.2 : 0
slbStatsCreatedHCConnections.2 : 0
slbStatsEstablishedConnections.2 : 0
slbStatsEstablishedHCConnections.2 : 0
slbStatsDestroyedConnections.2 : 0
slbStatsDestroyedHCCConnections.2 : 0
After sending ping
slbStatsCreatedConnections.2 : 4
slbStatsCreatedHCConnections.2 : 4
slbStatsEstablishedConnections.2 : 1
slbStatsEstablishedHCConnections.2 : 1
slbStatsDestroyedConnections.2 : 3
slbStatsDestroyedHCCConnections.2 : 3
I wonder why all of above MIB objects are increased despite of the packets pass
through CSM are ICMP.
So I can not determine whether I should use this method (using SNMP) or not to
see correct value of the amount of sticky entries
And I would like to know alternative method to see it by SNMP or other simple way.
Your information would be greatly appreciatedHi Gilles,
Thank you very much for your pointing and suggestion and I am sorry for my delay response.
I understand there are two kind of CLI on CSM depend on using CSM mode or RP mode.
- show command begins with "show ip slb" when using CSM mode (ip slb mode csm)
- show command begins with "show mode csm x" when using RP mode (ip slb mode rp)
And "show mod csm x sticky config" command can be done on RP mode only.
So I tried to "show ip slb sticky config" command on CSM mode, but I could not find
"config" argument as follows,
ct65svf1#sh ip slb sticky ?
client sticky associated with a specific client IP address
groups list configured sticky groups
| Output modifiers
ct65svf1#sh ip slb sticky
So I think, on CSM mode, I can not calculate the amount of sticky entry by executing one
show command.
Is my understanding correct ?
Best regards, -
So, yesterday I bought an Ipad 3 16gb. when I unpacked it, I found that it is locked, so I need the previous owner to unlock it. For the bad cause, the owner is from UK, and I've bought it from a intermediary in Bulgaria. How can I see the full email so I can contact him?
Apple will not provide that information unless order to do so by a court order. Your only option at this point is to return it to the intermediary and get your money back. They should not have sold you a locked device. Then don't buy another device without confirming that it isn't locked, as explained under "how do I check for activation lock before buying a used device" in this article: Find My iPhone Activation Lock.
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How can I see the alpha channel in the channels palette?
Hello, mi format plugin loads a rgba image. I see it with transparency, that's ok, but when I go to the channels tab I only see 4 items (RGB, Red, Green and Blue).
How can I see the alpha channel of my file in the channel tab?
Thanks!OK, something must be wrong... but I don't find it!
That's my whole code (resumed). I ommit some code (saving file code (not used) or main function, where I only call te "DoSomething" functions. You can see that I use layers. The DoReadContinue function is only used to show the preview.
In the DoReadStart function I set the parameters for the layers (and the preview), and I fill the "data" and "layerName" params in the DoReadLayerContinue function. I hope you can understand the code!
const int32 IMAGE_DEPTH = 32;
SPBasicSuite * sSPBasic = NULL;
SPPluginRef gPluginRef = NULL;
FormatRecord * gFormatRecord = NULL;
intptr_t * gMxiInfoHandle = NULL;
MXIInfo* gMxiInfo = NULL;
int16 * gResult = NULL;
#define gCountResources gFormatRecord->resourceProcs->countProc
#define gGetResources gFormatRecord->resourceProcs->getProc
#define gAddResource gFormatRecord->resourceProcs->addProc
CmaxwellMXI* cMax;
static void DoReadPrepare (void){
gFormatRecord->maxData = 0;
static void DoReadStart(void){
char header[2];
ReadScriptParamsOnRead (); // override params here
if (*gResult != noErr) return;
// Read the file header
*gResult = SetFPos (gFormatRecord->dataFork, fsFromStart, 0);
if (*gResult != noErr) return;
ReadSome (sizeof( header ) * 2, &header);
if (*gResult != noErr) return;
// Check the magic number for avoid no-mxi files
int headerID = CheckIdentifier (header);
if( headerID != HEADER_MXI ) *gResult = formatCannotRead;
if (*gResult != noErr) return;
// The file is OK. Let's continue to obtain the data of the image.
cMax = new CmaxwellMXI( 0 );
strlen((char*)gFormatRecord->fileSpec->name);
gMxiInfo->filename = _strdup((char *)gFormatRecord->fileSpec->name + 1);
bool res = cMax->getMXIIInfo(
(const char*)gMxiInfo->filename,
gMxiInfo->width, gMxiInfo->height,
gMxiInfo->burn, gMxiInfo->monitorGamma, gMxiInfo->iso,
gMxiInfo->shutter, gMxiInfo->fStop, gMxiInfo->intensity,
gMxiInfo->scattering,
gMxiInfo->nMultilightChannels, gMxiInfo->lightNamesList,
gMxiInfo->availableBuffersMask,
gMxiInfo->widthPreview, gMxiInfo->heightPreview,
gMxiInfo->bufferPreview);
if(!res) return;
// Check the available extra buffers
int count = 0;
if( gMxiInfo->availableBuffersMask & CmaxwellMXI::ALPHA_BUFFER ){
// We will use that string to obtain later the desired extra buffer.
gMxiInfo->extraBuffersList[count] = "ALPHA";
gMxiInfo->hasAlpha = true;
count++;
else{
gMxiInfo->hasAlpha = false;
gMxiInfo->nExtraBuffers = count;
switch( IMAGE_DEPTH ){
case 8:
gMxiInfo->mode = plugInModeRGBColor;
break;
case 16:
gMxiInfo->mode = plugInModeRGB48;
break;
case 32:
gMxiInfo->mode = plugInModeRGB48; //96 gives me an error
break;
// SET UP THE DOCUMENT BASIC PARAMETERS.
VPoint imageSize;
if( gFormatRecord->openForPreview ){
// Preview always RGB8.
imageSize.v = gMxiInfo->heightPreview;
imageSize.h = gMxiInfo->widthPreview;
gFormatRecord->depth = 8;
gFormatRecord->imageMode = plugInModeRGBColor;
gFormatRecord->planes = 3;
gFormatRecord->loPlane = 0;
gFormatRecord->hiPlane = 2;
gFormatRecord->colBytes = 3;
gFormatRecord->rowBytes = imageSize.h * gFormatRecord->planes;
gFormatRecord->planeBytes = 1;
else{
// Configure the layers. All RGBA32.
imageSize.v = gMxiInfo->height;
imageSize.h = gMxiInfo->width;
gFormatRecord->depth = IMAGE_DEPTH;
gFormatRecord->imageMode = gMxiInfo->mode;
gFormatRecord->layerData =
2 + gMxiInfo->nMultilightChannels + gMxiInfo->nExtraBuffers;
gFormatRecord->planes = 4; // RGBA.
gFormatRecord->loPlane = 0;
gFormatRecord->hiPlane = 3;
gFormatRecord->planeBytes = IMAGE_DEPTH >> 3;
gFormatRecord->rowBytes = imageSize.h * gFormatRecord->planes * ( IMAGE_DEPTH >> 3 );
gFormatRecord->colBytes = gFormatRecord->planes * ( IMAGE_DEPTH >> 3 );
gFormatRecord->transparencyPlane = 3;
gFormatRecord->transparencyMatting = 1;
gFormatRecord->blendMode = PIBlendLinearDodge;
gFormatRecord->isVisible = true;
SetFormatImageSize(imageSize);
gFormatRecord->imageHRes = FixRatio(72, 1);
gFormatRecord->imageVRes = FixRatio(72, 1);
VRect theRect;
theRect.left = 0;
theRect.right = imageSize.h;
theRect.top = 0;
theRect.bottom = imageSize.v;
SetFormatTheRect(theRect);
// No resources for now.
if (sPSHandle->New != NULL) gFormatRecord->imageRsrcData = sPSHandle->New(0);
gFormatRecord->imageRsrcSize = 0;
return;
/// Called for prewiew only.
static void DoReadContinue (void){
// Dispose of the image resource data if it exists.
DisposeImageResources ();
if( gFormatRecord->openForPreview ){
VPoint imageSize = GetFormatImageSize();
gFormatRecord->data = gMxiInfo->bufferPreview;
if (*gResult == noErr) *gResult = gFormatRecord->advanceState();
if( gFormatRecord->data != NULL ){
delete[] (Crgb8*)gMxiInfo->bufferPreview;
gMxiInfo->bufferPreview = NULL;
gFormatRecord->data = NULL;
// De momento nos olvidamos de los icc profiles [TODO]
//DoReadICCProfile ();
static void DoReadFinish (void)
// Dispose of the image resource data if it exists.
DisposeImageResources ();
WriteScriptParamsOnRead (); // should be different for read/write
// write a history comment
AddComment ();
// Clean some memory.
if( gMxiInfo->lightNamesList != NULL ){
for( unsigned int i = 0; i < gMxiInfo->nMultilightChannels; i++){
if( gMxiInfo->lightNamesList[i] != NULL ){
delete[] gMxiInfo->lightNamesList[i];
gMxiInfo->lightNamesList[i] = NULL;
delete[] gMxiInfo->lightNamesList;
gMxiInfo->lightNamesList = NULL;
if( gMxiInfo->bufferPreview != NULL ){
delete[] gMxiInfo->bufferPreview;
gMxiInfo->bufferPreview = NULL;
if( gMxiInfo->filename != NULL ){
delete[] gMxiInfo->filename;
gMxiInfo->filename = NULL;
if( cMax != NULL ){
delete cMax;
cMax = NULL;
static void DoReadLayerStart(void){
// empty
static void DoReadLayerContinue (void){
int32 done;
int32 total;
VPoint imageSize = GetFormatImageSize();
// Set the progress bar data
done = gFormatRecord->layerData + 1;
total = gMxiInfo->nMultilightChannels + gMxiInfo->nExtraBuffers + 2;
// Dispose of the image resource data if it exists.
DisposeImageResources ();
uint32 bufferSize = imageSize.v * gFormatRecord->rowBytes;
int nPixels = gMxiInfo->width * gMxiInfo->height;
char* lightName = NULL;
// SET THE BLACK BACKGROUND
if( gFormatRecord->layerData == 0 ){
gFormatRecord->data = (void*)new byte[bufferSize];
for( int i = 0; i < nPixels; i++ ){
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 ] =
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 + 1 ] =
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 + 2 ] = 0.0;
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 + 3 ] = 1.0;
// Set the layer name.
gFormatRecord->layerName = new uint16[64];
gFormatRecord->layerName[0] = 'B';
gFormatRecord->layerName[1] = 'a';
gFormatRecord->layerName[2] = 'c';
gFormatRecord->layerName[3] = 'k';
gFormatRecord->layerName[4] = 'g';
gFormatRecord->layerName[5] = 'r';
gFormatRecord->layerName[6] = 'o';
gFormatRecord->layerName[7] = 'u';
gFormatRecord->layerName[8] = 'n';
gFormatRecord->layerName[9] = 'd';
gFormatRecord->layerName[10] = '\0';
// LOAD THE LIGHT LAYERS
else if( gFormatRecord->layerData < gMxiInfo->nMultilightChannels + 1 ){
void* lightBuffer = NULL;
void* alphaBuffer = NULL;
byte foob;
dword food;
// Get the light buffer.
bool res = cMax->getLightBuffer(
(char*)gMxiInfo->filename,
gFormatRecord->layerData - 1, IMAGE_DEPTH,
lightBuffer,
gMxiInfo->width, gMxiInfo->height, lightName);
if(!res){
*gResult = readErr;
return;
if( gMxiInfo->hasAlpha ){
// Get the alpha buffer.
res = cMax->getExtraBuffer(
(char*)gMxiInfo->filename,
"ALPHA", IMAGE_DEPTH, alphaBuffer,
food, food, foob);
if(!res){
*gResult = readErr;
return;
else{
alphaBuffer = (void*)new float[ gMxiInfo->width * gMxiInfo->height * 3 ];
for( int i = 0; i < nPixels; i++ ){
// Only need to set the red channel.
((float*)alphaBuffer)[ i * 3 ] = 1.0;
// Put them together.
gFormatRecord->data = (void*)new byte[bufferSize];
for( int i = 0; i < nPixels; i++ ){
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 ] = ((float*)lightBuffer)[ i * 3 ];
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 + 1 ] = ((float*)lightBuffer)[ i * 3 + 1 ];
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 + 2 ] = ((float*)lightBuffer)[ i * 3 + 2 ];
((float*)gFormatRecord->data)[ i * 4 + 3 ] = ((float*)alphaBuffer)[ i * 3 ];
delete[] (float*)lightBuffer;
delete[] (float*)alphaBuffer;
// Set the layer name.
//LOAD THE EXTRA CHANNELS
if( ... ){
//READ THE RENDER BUFFER
if( ... ){
// User can abort.
if (gFormatRecord->abortProc()){
*gResult = userCanceledErr;
return;
// Commit the layer.
if (*gResult == noErr) *gResult = gFormatRecord->advanceState();
// Update the progress bar.
(*gFormatRecord->progressProc)( done, total );
// Free memory.
if( gFormatRecord->data != NULL ){
delete[] (float*)gFormatRecord->data;
gFormatRecord->data = NULL;
if( lightName != NULL ){
delete[] lightName;
lightName = NULL;
static void DoReadLayerFinish (void)
// Nothing to do.
And that's the image that I obtain loading a 8 layer image:
The layers have transparency (when I set "transparencyPlane" to -1, or 0, or 1, or 2, or 3, or 4....., I got the same result!). The blending mode is still "normal". I had set it to "linear dodge" The "isVisible" param works OK.
Alpha 1 is still black.
Is possible that I need to set something in the .r file? I had to add "FormatLayerSupport { doesSupportFormatLayers }," to manage layers, for instance. -
How can I see the size and colour of text in DW Cs5?
Hi forum, how do you see the size and colour of a piece of text in Dreamweaver Cs5, I have some text in a dreamweaver file which is a size I like and a colour I like and I want to make a CSS rule with these characteristics. How can you see what size and colour a piece of text is?
Many thanks for any help
Gareth<td height="89" colspan="5" valign="top"><p><font color="#FF0066" size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">what is the text size, colour and boldness of this piece of text.</font></p></td>
Above code is deprecated. CS5 will not pick up these styles in the CSS styles panel. Legacy sites are not simple to work with. They need to be converted to modern standards. You do this by stripping the HTML styles from markup and re-writing styles to CSS.
<p>This is a normal paragraph</p>
Put your CSS styles between your document's <head> and </head> tags:
<style type="text/css">
p {
color: #FF0066;
font-size: small;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
</style>
Or, create an external stylesheet to which your HTML documents are linked like this:
http://alt-web.com/DEMOS/DW-Link-Stylesheet.shtml
Nancy O.
Alt-Web Design & Publishing
Web | Graphics | Print | Media Specialists
http://alt-web.com/
http://twitter.com/altweb -
How we can see the abap memory data
How we can see the abap-memory data
fine the code below
import lsind
report_title
table_name
report_field
change_display
show_hide
conversion_exits
table_description
form_program
select_form
update_form
line_size
line_count
records[]
fields[]
header_fields[]
select_fields[]
xrep[]
from memory id 'LZUT5U11'.
Regards
santhosh
mail-id : [email protected]Dear Santosh,
ABAP MEMORY:
A logical memory model illustrates how the main memory is distributed from the view of executable programs. A distinction is made here between external sessions and internal sessions .
An external session is usually linked to an R/3 window. You can create an external session by choosing System/Create session, or by entering /o in the command field. An external session is broken down further into internal sessions. Program data is only visible within an internal session. Each external session can include up to 20 internal sessions (stacks).
Every program you start runs in an internal session.
All "squares" with rounded "corners" displayed in the status diagram represent a set of data objects in the main memory.
The data in the main memory is only visible to the program concerned.
CALL TRANSACTION and SUBMIT AND RETURN open a new internal session that forms a new program context. The internal sessions in an external session form a memory stack. The new session is added to the top of the stack.
When a program has finished running, the top internal session in the stack is removed, and the calling program resumes processing.
The same occurs when the system processes a LEAVE PROGRAM statement.
LEAVE TO TRANSACTION removes all internal sessions from the stack and opens a new one containing the program context of the calling program.
The ABAP memory is initialized after the program is called. In other words, you cannot transfer any data to a program called with LEAVE TO TRANSACTION via the ABAP memory.
SUBMIT replaces the internal session of the program performing the call with the internal session of the program that has been called. The new internal session contains the program context of the called program with which it is performed.
When a function module is called, the following steps are executed:
A check is made to establish whether your program has called a function module of the same function group previously.
If this is not the case, the system loads the associated function group to the internal session of the calling program as an additional program group. This initializes its global data.
If your program used a function module of the same function group before the current call, the function module that you have called up at present can access the global data of the function group. The function group is not reloaded.
Within the internal session, all of the function modules that you call from the same group access the global data of that group.
If, in a new internal session, you call a function module from the same function group as in internal session 1, a new set of global data is initialized for the second internal session. This means that the data accessed by function modules called in session 2 may be different from that accessed by the function modules in session 1.
You can call function modules asynchronously as well as synchronously. To do so, you must extend the function module call using the addition STARTING NEW TASK ''. Here, '' is a symbolic name in the calling program that identifies the external session, in which the called program is executed.
Function modules that you call using the addition STARTING NEW TASK '' are executed independently of the calling program. The calling program is not interrupted.
To make function modules available for local asynchronous calls, you must identify them as executable remotely (processing type: Remote-enabled module).
There are various ways of transferring data between programs that are running in different program contexts (internal sessions). You can use:
(1) The interface of the called program (standard selection screen, or interface of a
subroutine, function module, or dialog module)
(2) ABAP memory
(3) SAP memory
(4) Database tables
(5) Local files on your presentation server.
For further information about transferring data between an ABAP program and your presentation server, refer to the documentation for the function modules WS_UPLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD.
Function modules have an interface, which you can use to pass data between the calling program and the function module itself (there is also a comparable mechanism for ABAP subroutines). If a function module supports RFC, certain restrictions apply to its interface.
If you are calling an ABAP program that has a standard selection screen, you can pass values to the input fields. There are two options here:
By using a variant of the standard selection screen in the program call
By passing actual values for the input fields in the program call
If you want to call a report program without displaying its selection screen (default setting), but still want to pass values to its input fields, there is a variety of techniques that you can use.
The WITH addition allows you to assign values to the parameters and select-options fields on the standard selection screen.
If the selection screen is to be displayed when the program is called, use the addition: VIA SELECTION-SCREEN.
Use the pattern button in the ABAP Editor to insert a program call via SUBMIT. The structure shows you the names of data objects that you can complete with the standard selection screen.
For further information on working with variants and further syntax variants for the WITH addition, see the key word documentation in the ABAP Editor for SUBMIT.
You can use SAP memory and ABAP memory to pass data between different programs.
The SAP memory is a user-specific memory area for storing field values. It is available in all of the open sessions in a user's terminal session, and is reset when the terminal session ends. You can use its contents as default values for screen fields. All external sessions can access SAP memory. This means that it is only of limited use for passing data between internal sessions.
The ABAP memory is also user-specific, and is local to each external session. You can use it to pass any ABAP variables (fields, structures, internal tables, complex objects) between the internal sessions of a single external session.
Each external session has its own ABAP memory. When you end an external session (/i in the command field), the corresponding ABAP memory is released automatically.
To copy a set of ABAP variables and their current values (data cluster) to the ABAP memory, use the EXPORT TO MEMORY ID statement. The (up to 32 characters) is used to identify the different data clusters.
If you repeat an EXPORT TO MEMORY ID statement to an existing data cluster, the new data overwrites the old.
To copy data from ABAP memory to the corresponding fields of an ABAP program, use the IMPORT FROM MEMORY ID statement.
The fields, structures, internal tables, and complex objects in a data cluster in ABAP memory must be declared identically in both the program from which you exported the data and the program into which you import it.
To release a data cluster, use the FREE MEMORY ID statement.
You can import just parts of a data cluster with IMPORT, since the objects are named in the cluster.
In the SAP memory, you can define memory areas (SET/GET parameters, or parameter IDs), which you can then address by a name of up to 20 characters.
You can fill these memory areas either using the contents of input/output fields on screens, or using the ABAP statement:
SET PARAMETER ID '' FIELD .
The memory area with the name now has the value .
You can use the contents of a memory area to display a default value in an input field on a screen.
You can also read the memory areas from the SAP memory using the ABAP statement GET PARAMETER ID FIELD . The field then contains the value from parameter .
The link between an input/output field and a memory area in SAP memory is inherited from the data element on which the field is based. You can enable the set parameter or get parameter attributes in the input/output field attributes.
Once you have set the Set parameter attribute for an input/output field, you can fill it with default values from SAP memory. This is particularly useful for transactions that you call from another program without displaying the initial screen. For this purpose, you must activate the Set parameter functionality for the input fields of the first screen of the transaction.
You can:
(1) Copy the data that is to be used for the first screen of the transaction to be called to the parameter ID in the SAP memory. To do so, use the statement SET PARAMETER immediately before calling the transaction.
(2) Start the transaction using CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO
TRANSACTION . If you do not want to display the initial screen, use the AND
SKIP FIRST SCREEN addition.
(3) The system program that starts the transaction fills the input fields that do not already have default values and for which the Get parameter attribute has been set with values from SAP memory.
The Technical information for the input fields in the transaction you want to call contains the names of the parameter IDs that you need to use.
Parameter IDs should be entered in table TPARA. This happens automatically if you create them via the Object navigator.
Programs that you call using the statements SUBMIT , LEAVE TO TRANSACTION , SUBMIT AND RETURN, or CALL TRANSACTION run in their own SAP LUW, and update requests receive their own update key.
When you use SUBMIT and LEAVE TO TRANSACTION , the SAP LUW of the calling program ends. If no COMMIT WORK statement occurred before the program call, the update requests in the log table remain incomplete and cannot be processed. They can no longer be executed. The same applies to inline changes that you make using PERFORM … ON COMMIT.
Data that you have written to the database using inline changes is committed the next time a new screen is displayed.
If you use SUBMIT AND RETURN or CALL TRANSACTION to insert a program and then return to the calling program, the SAP LUW of the calling program is resumed when the called program ends. The LUW processing of calling and called programs is independent.
In other words, inline changes are committed the next time a new screen is displayed. Update requests and calls using PERFORM ... ON COMMIT require an independent COMMIT WORK statement in the SAP LUW in which they are running.
Function modules run in the same SAP LUW as the program that calls them.
If you call transactions with nested calls, each transaction needs its own COMMIT WORK, since each transaction maps its own SAP LUW.
The same applies to calling executable programs, which are called using SUBMIT AND RETURN.
The statement CALL TRANSACTION allows you to
Shorten the user dialog when calling using CALL TRANSACTION USING .
Determine the type of update (asynchronous, local, or synchronous) for the transaction called. For this purpose, use the addition CALL TRANSACTION USING UPDATE 'update_mode', where update_mode can have the values a (asynchronous), L (local), or S (synchronous).
Combining the two options enables you to call several transactions in sequence (logical chain), to reduce their screen sequence, and to postpone processing of the SAP LUW 2 until processing of the SAP LUW 1 has been completed.
When you call a function module asynchronously using the CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK ' ' statement, it runs in its own SAP LUW.
Programs that are executed with a SUBMIT AND RETURN or CALL
TRANSACTION statement starts their own LUW processing. You can use these to perform nested (complex) LUW processing.
You can use function modules as modularization units within an SAP LUW.
Function modules that are called asynchronously are suitable for programs that allow parallel processing of some of their components.
All techniques are suitable for including programs with purely display functions.
Note that a function module called with CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK is executed as a new logon. It, therefore, sees a separate SAP memory area. You can use the interface of the function module for data transfers.
Example: In your program, you want to call a display transaction that is displayed in a separate window (amodal). To do so, you encapsulate the transaction call in a function module, which you set as to Remote-enabled module. You use the function module interface to accept values that you write to the SAP memory. You then call up the transaction in the function module using CALL TRANSACTION AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN. You call the function module itself asynchronously.
Type ‘E' locks for nested program calls may be requested more than once from the same object. This behavior can be described as follows:
Lock entries from function modules called synchronously increment the cumulative counter, And are therefore successful.
Lock entries from programs called with CALL TRANSACTION or SUBMIT
AND
RETURN is refused. The object to be locked by the called program is displayed as already Locked by another user.
Programs that you call using SUBMIT or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION cannot come into conflict with lock entries from the calling program, since the old program ends when the call is made. When a program ends, the system deletes all of the lock entries that it had set.
Lock requests belonging to the same user from different R/3 windows or logons are treated as lock requests from other users.
Regards,
Rajesh.
Please reward points if found helpful. -
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