Solaris10 missing /usr/openwin directories in non-global container

I created a global (default) and two non-global containers. The /usr/openwin directories in non-global containers are empty (while global one's are fine). Since /usr is read only in non-global containers, I can't add anything to it.
questions:
1. why is the /usr/openwin directories is empty in non-global containers, did I miss some steps in creating containers?
2. How do I make /usr/openwin visible now to the non-global containers?
appreciate your help.

What you observed is normal. The basic Solaris 11 zone install gives you a somewhat minimal install. If you want additional packages, you can install them. If you want the zone install to have what you would install from a CD I suppose you could do a the following:
pkg install slim_install
pkg uninstall slim_install
My understanding is that the slim_install package contains dependencies which loads all of the desktop software but doesn't contain any content itself - which is why you can (and should) remove it afterwards.
That said, normally one uses a zone for a particular purpose. A better approach might be to install only the software in the zone which is needed for that purpose. That would save space, limit security exposure and reduce maintenance overhead. If your purpose is to have a full user environment, that may be to include all the slim_install packages and maybe others as well.
I would recommend that you not install services by copying files. If you need a service find out what package contains that service and install the package in the zone. That way you won't break maintenance via pkg update.
So - your questions:
1. A Solaris 11 zone install is minimal, presumably to make it easy to set up simple single function zones. Additional packages can be added as needed using "pkg install" as needed to provide any necessary services.
2. Solaris 10 zones work differently and import most packages from the global zone. With Solaris 10 sparse zones, you actually use the same files from the global zone. Solaris 11 zones are different in that they are actually a separate install. The basic install is minimal, presumably to allow for small and simple single function zones. You are not doing anything wrong with respect to the basic install, this is just how things work.

Similar Messages

  • Not all non-global zones updated for DST

    We have one server with Solaris 10 and four non-global zones. I installed patch 122032-03 to the global zone and it installed successfull, according to the log. With the DST change on 3/11, TWO of the non-global zones and the global zone updated correctly to daylight time, but the other TWO non-global zone DID NOT. Does anyone know what would cause this?
    I have also tried to manually change the time on the two non-global zones and have not been able to; as root I get the message "not owner"
    ainsworth:hughesm> su -
    Password:
    Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005
    You have mail.
    # date
    Tue Mar 13 12:02:45 PST 2007
    # date -u
    Tue Mar 13 20:03:16 GMT 2007
    # date
    Tue Mar 13 12:04:31 PST 2007
    # date 0313130007
    date: Not owner
    usage: date [-u] mmddHHMM[[cc]yy][.SS]
    date [-u] [+format]
    date -a [-]sss[.fff]
    Fortunately, these were just test zones. They were set up by a previous admin to be used for pgpftp, so I'm wondering if there are some special configurations for security that is preventing the time change.

    Thanks for replying.
    I rebooted from the global zone. All the zones have the same uptime as the global zone, except one that was rebooted more recently.
    Quick question - how do I tell if it's a sparse zone or full zone?
    One of the zones that the time change worked on:
    $ zdump -v US/Pacific | grep 2007
    US/Pacific Tue Mar 13 22:37:59 2007 UTC = Tue Mar 13 15:37:59 2007 PDT isdst=1
    US/Pacific Sun Mar 11 09:59:59 2007 UTC = Sun Mar 11 01:59:59 2007 PST isdst=0
    US/Pacific Sun Mar 11 10:00:00 2007 UTC = Sun Mar 11 03:00:00 2007 PDT isdst=1
    US/Pacific Sun Nov 4 08:59:59 2007 UTC = Sun Nov 4 01:59:59 2007 PDT isdst=1
    US/Pacific Sun Nov 4 09:00:00 2007 UTC = Sun Nov 4 01:00:00 2007 PST isdst=0
    tsbackup:hughesm> cd /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo; ls -al | grep Pac
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root bin 1024 Jan 19 11:19 Pacific
    cathedral:hughesm> cd /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo; ls -al | grep Pac (the global zone)
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root bin 1024 Jan 19 11:19 Pacific
    One zone that didn't work: (the other one that did not work is the same)
    # zdump -v US/Pacific | grep 2007
    US/Pacific Tue Mar 13 22:45:33 2007 UTC = Tue Mar 13 14:45:33 2007 PST isdst=0
    US/Pacific Sun Apr 1 09:59:59 2007 UTC = Sun Apr 1 01:59:59 2007 PST isdst=0
    US/Pacific Sun Apr 1 10:00:00 2007 UTC = Sun Apr 1 03:00:00 2007 PDT isdst=1
    US/Pacific Sun Oct 28 08:59:59 2007 UTC = Sun Oct 28 01:59:59 2007 PDT isdst=1
    US/Pacific Sun Oct 28 09:00:00 2007 UTC = Sun Oct 28 01:00:00 2007 PST isdst=0
    # uname -a
    SunOS albina 5.10 Generic_118822-02 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-4
    # cd /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo (non-global zone that did not update)
    # ls -al | grep Pac
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root bin 1024 Apr 20 2005 Pacific
    I was thinking of trying to apply the patch within the zone itself, but when I tried smpatch analyze, it didn't list it:
    # smpatch analyze
    120900-04 SunOS 5.10: libzonecfg Patch
    121133-02 SunOS 5.10: zones library and zones utility patch
    119254-27 SunOS 5.10: Install and Patch Utilities Patch
    119574-02 SunOS 5.10: su patch
    121453-02 SunOS 5.10: Sun Update Connection Client Foundation
    121118-08 SunOS 5.10: Sun Update Connection System Client 1.0.8
    121081-05 SunOS 5.10: Connected Customer Agents 1.1.0
    122231-01 SunOS 5.10 Sun Connection agents, transport certificate update
    I attempted to add the patch using smpatch, but I've never run it here before so it's probably not configured right:
    # smpatch update -i 122032-03
    122032-03 cannot be validated.
    com.sun.patchpro.model.PatchProRuntimeException: Unexpected throwable
    at com.sun.patchpro.cli.PatchServices.waitForThread(PatchServices.java:1284)
    at com.sun.patchpro.cli.PatchServices.installPatches(PatchServices.java:1121)
    at com.sun.patchpro.cli.PatchServices.main(PatchServices.java:510)
    Caused by:
    java.lang.Throwable: ERROR: Failed to validate the digital signature(s).
    at com.sun.patchpro.model.PatchProModel$InnerDownloadPatchThread.downloadPatchFailed(PatchProModel.java:2855)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.GroupPatchDownloader.dispatchFailedEvent(GroupPatchDownloader.java:384)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.GroupPatchDownloader.downloadPatchFailed(GroupPatchDownloader.java:335)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.ServerPatchServiceProvider.dispatchFailedEvent(ServerPatchServiceProvider.java:2577
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.ServerPatchServiceProvider.validatePatchBundle(ServerPatchServiceProvider.java:2196
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.ServerPatchServiceProvider.requestDownload(ServerPatchServiceProvider.java:1780)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.ServerPatchServiceProvider.performDownloadPatches(ServerPatchServiceProvider.java:1
    2)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.ServerPatchServiceProvider.downloadPatches(ServerPatchServiceProvider.java:860)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.PatchServerProxy.downloadPatches(PatchServerProxy.java:142)
    at com.sun.patchpro.server.GroupPatchDownloader.downloadPatches(GroupPatchDownloader.java:124)
    at com.sun.patchpro.model.PatchProModel.performPatchDownload(PatchProModel.java:1932)
    at com.sun.patchpro.model.PatchProStateMachine$10.run(PatchProStateMachine.java:526)
    at com.sun.patchpro.util.State.run(State.java:266)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)
    So then I attempted to add the patch using patchadd:
    # patchadd 122032-03
    Validating patches...
    Loading patches installed on the system...
    Done!
    Loading patches requested to install.
    Done!
    Checking patches that you specified for installation.
    Done!
    Global patches.
    0 Patch 122032-03 is for global zone only - cannot be installed on local zone.
    No patches to install.
    under /var/sadm/patch/122032-03 on the Global zone, the log shows:
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2666 Jan 19 11:19 log
    This appears to be an attempt to install the same architecture and
    version of a package which is already installed. This installation
    will attempt to overwrite this package.
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Africa/Timbuktu <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Indiana/Indianapolis <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Indianapolis <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Kentucky/Louisville <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Louisville <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/CST6CDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/EST <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/EST5EDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Europe/Belfast <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/HST <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/MST <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/MST7MDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/PST8PDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Pacific/Yap <no longer a regular file>
    Dryrun complete.
    No changes were made to the system.
    This appears to be an attempt to install the same architecture and
    version of a package which is already installed. This installation
    will attempt to overwrite this package.
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Africa/Timbuktu <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Indiana/Indianapolis <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Indianapolis <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Kentucky/Louisville <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/America/Louisville <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/CST6CDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/EST <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/EST5EDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Europe/Belfast <no longer a regular file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/HST <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/MST <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/MST7MDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/PST8PDT <no longer a linked file>
    WARNING: /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Pacific/Yap <no longer a regular file>
    Installation of <SUNWcsu> was successful.
    On the non-global zones, either there is nothing under /var/sadm/patch or there isn't even a patch directory under /var/sadm. Is there somewhere else to look?
    Thanks.

  • *Missing utilities in Solaris11 Non global zone.*

    Hi,
    I created Non Global zone in Solaris 11, I found many utilities are missing in Non Global zone machine. For example in non global zone /usr/xpg4/bin contains only 2 utilities where as in global zone I have 68utilities. I copied few utilities from my global zone machine which ever is required for me(ex: id,grep,egrep....). I need to enable rlogin, telnet, ftp in my Solaris 11 non global zone machine. I installed pkg:/service/network/legacy-remote-utilities. But no luck. In some thread i found workaround to enable rlogin.
    rlogin on zones in solaris 11 i found a workaround.
    Need to copy 2 binaries and 2 .xml manifest from GZ to NGZ
    cp /usr/sbin/in.rlogind
    cp /lib/svc/manifest/network/login.xml
    cp /usr/sbin/in.rshd
    cp /lib/svc/manifest/network/shell.xml
    Question1: how about other services?
    Question2: As a concept It has to have all the utilities which is available in Global zone. Why these many utilities are missing? Am I doing any thing wrong or is it zone limitation? we are facing issue in only Solaris 11. where as in Solaris10 every thing works fine.

    What you observed is normal. The basic Solaris 11 zone install gives you a somewhat minimal install. If you want additional packages, you can install them. If you want the zone install to have what you would install from a CD I suppose you could do a the following:
    pkg install slim_install
    pkg uninstall slim_install
    My understanding is that the slim_install package contains dependencies which loads all of the desktop software but doesn't contain any content itself - which is why you can (and should) remove it afterwards.
    That said, normally one uses a zone for a particular purpose. A better approach might be to install only the software in the zone which is needed for that purpose. That would save space, limit security exposure and reduce maintenance overhead. If your purpose is to have a full user environment, that may be to include all the slim_install packages and maybe others as well.
    I would recommend that you not install services by copying files. If you need a service find out what package contains that service and install the package in the zone. That way you won't break maintenance via pkg update.
    So - your questions:
    1. A Solaris 11 zone install is minimal, presumably to make it easy to set up simple single function zones. Additional packages can be added as needed using "pkg install" as needed to provide any necessary services.
    2. Solaris 10 zones work differently and import most packages from the global zone. With Solaris 10 sparse zones, you actually use the same files from the global zone. Solaris 11 zones are different in that they are actually a separate install. The basic install is minimal, presumably to allow for small and simple single function zones. You are not doing anything wrong with respect to the basic install, this is just how things work.

  • Why there are no /dev/mem, /dev/kmem on solaris10 non-global zones?

    Hi All,
    We have an application on SOLARIS10 that tries to open '/dev/kmem' using 'kvm_open' system call and after that it reads certain kernel virtual memory parameter values by using 'kvm_nlist' system call.
    In solaris 10 non-global zones these calls are failing as /dev/kmem cannot be found. Is there any other way to access the kmem or kernel memory parameters on non-global zones?
    What are the corresponding files for /dev/mem, /dev/kmem on non-global zones? We are interpreting /dev/mem and /dev/kmem files to get status and statistical information of the system on solaris.
    This is urgent....Please help....
    Thanks

    Ravi-N wrote:
    Hi All,
    We have an application on SOLARIS10 that tries to open '/dev/kmem' using 'kvm_open' system call and after that it reads certain kernel virtual memory parameter values by using 'kvm_nlist' system call.What information are you trying to gather?
    In solaris 10 non-global zones these calls are failing as /dev/kmem cannot be found. Is there any other way to access the kmem or kernel memory parameters on non-global zones? You can't access kernel parameters directly (it's difficult to keep somone with access to it from making changes that would be visible to other zones). But it might be possible to get the information you need another way. Zones aren't virtual machines, and you can't do everything in a non-global zone that you can in the global zone.
    Darren

  • Pkgmap files missing in global zone, can't build non-global zone

    My solaris 10 server is missing the pkgmap files for the packages. As a result, I can't build a non-global zone. Is there a way to recreate the pkgmap files?
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    Hi, i have problems with building transmission from svn too:
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    ==> Making package: transmission-svn 3730-1 (Di 6. Nov 08:28:38 CET 2007)
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    ==> Checking Buildtime Dependencies...
    ==> Retrieving Sources...
    ==> Validating source files with md5sums
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    ==> Removing existing pkg/ directory...
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    Checked out revision 3730.
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    Running glib-gettextize...  Ignore non-fatal messages.
    Copying file mkinstalldirs
    Copying file po/Makefile.in.in
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      codeset.m4 gettext.m4 glibc21.m4 iconv.m4 isc-posix.m4 lcmessage.m4
      progtest.m4
    from the /aclocal directory to your autoconf macro directory
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  • Userdel command is missing in non-global zone

    Hi,
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    root@mars # uname -a
    SunOS mars 5.9 Generic_Virtual sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Fire
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    Thanks,
    Ram.

    Hi.
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  • Solaris 10 GA/SunBlade 100 - /usr/openwin missing a lot of files.

    Solaris 10 GA (CD-Media)
    SunBlade 100, 500mhz, 768meg memory (problem)
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    I copied over /usr/openwin from the 150 to the 100, rebooted and JDS and CDE are working fine.
    Happy to assist with any further testing! If my PSP order was here I'd file a bug report. :)
    Doug
    Size comparison -
    /usr/openwin is the directory copied from the SunBlade 150.
    /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin is the directory installed on both SunBlade 100's
    root@dougsolx /> du -s /usr/openwin/*
    29096 /usr/openwin/bin
    2158 /usr/openwin/demo
    1852 /usr/openwin/etc
    13974 /usr/openwin/include
    995378 /usr/openwin/lib
    31354 /usr/openwin/man
    4257108 /usr/openwin/platform
    51674 /usr/openwin/server
    1192 /usr/openwin/sfw
    67404 /usr/openwin/share
    root@dougsolx /> du -s /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/*
    24510 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/bin
    2158 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/demo
    2 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/etc
    2 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/include
    534564 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/lib
    2 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/man
    137388 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/platform
    40268 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/server
    406 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/sfw
    52868 /usr/ORIGINAL_openwin/share
    root@dougsolx />
    .

    Thanks pterobyte!
    Jan 21 13:52:46 clientdomain postfix/qmgr[58]: C8A7A13DC504: from=<[email protected]>, size=51528, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
    Jan 21 13:52:46 clientdomain postfix/pipe[416]: C8A7A13DC504: to=<[email protected]>, relay=cyrus, delay=22, status=sent (mail.clientdomain.com)
    Jan 21 13:52:46 clientdomain postfix/qmgr[58]: C8A7A13DC504: removed
    Jan 21 13:52:50 clientdomain postfix/smtpd[420]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from 64-95-124-91.pool.ukrtel.net[91.124.95.64]: 554 Service unavailable; Client host [91.124.95.64] blocked using zen.spamhaus.org; http://www.spamhaus.org/query/bl?ip=91.124.95.64; \
    To me, it seems the last entry is not related and then the entries after didn't seem related either. Does the "C8A7A13DC504" identify the specific email (like an ID number or something).
    Does the log entry tell you anything?
    Message was edited by: MacWorks

  • Unexpected behavior: Solaris10 , vlan , ipmp, non-global zones

    I've configured a System with several non-global zones.
    Each of them has ip - connection via a seperate vlan (1 vlan for each nonglobal zone). The vlans are established by the global zone. They are additionally brought under control of ipmp.
    I followed the instructions described at:
    http://forum.sun.com/thread.jspa?threadID=21225&messageID=59653#59653
    to create the defaultrouters for the non-global zones.
    In addition to that, I've created the default route for the 2nd ipmp-interface. (to keep the route in the non-global Zone in case of ipmp-failover)
    ie:
    route add default  172.16.3.1 -ifp ce1222000
    route add default  172.16.3.1 -ifp ce1222002Furthermore, i' ve put the 172.16.3.1 in the /etc/defaultrouter of the global zone, to ensure it will be the 1st entry in the routing table (because it's the defaultrouter for the global zone)
    Here the unexpected:
    Tried to reach a ip-target ouside the configured subnets, say 172.16.1.3 , via icmp. The router 172.16.3.1 knows the proper route to get it. The 1st tries (can't remember the exact number) went through ce1222000 and associated icmp-replies travelled back trough ce1222000. But suddenly the outgoing interface changed to ce1322000 or ce1122000 ! The defaultrouters configured on these vlans are not aware of the 172.16.1.3 (172.16.1.0/24), and there was no answer. The defaultroutes seemed to be "cycled" between the configured.
    Furthermore the connection from the outside to the nonglobal-zones (wich do have only 1 defaultrouter configured: the one of the vlan the non-global Zone belongs to) was broken intermittent.
    So, how to get the combination of VLAN ,IPMP, diff. defaultrouters, non-global Zones running?
    Got the following config visible in the global zone:
    (the 172.13.x.y are sc3.1u4 priv. interconnect)
    netstat -rn
    Routing Table: IPv4
      Destination           Gateway           Flags  Ref   Use   Interface
    172.31.193.1         127.0.0.1            UH        1      0  lo0
    172.16.19.0          172.16.19.6          U         1   4474  ce1322000
    172.16.19.0          172.16.19.6          U         1      0  ce1322000:1
    172.16.19.0          172.16.19.6          U         1   1791  ce1322002
    172.31.1.0           172.31.1.2           U         1 271194  ce5
    172.31.0.128         172.31.0.130         U         1 271158  ce1
    172.16.11.0          172.16.11.6          U         1   8715  ce1122000
    172.16.11.0          172.16.11.6          U         1      0  ce1122000:1
    172.16.11.0          172.16.11.6          U         1   7398  ce1122002
    172.16.3.0           172.16.3.6           U         1   4888  ce1222000
    172.16.3.0           172.16.3.6           U         1      0  ce1222000:1
    172.16.3.0           172.16.3.6           U         1   4236  ce1222002
    172.16.27.0          172.16.27.6          U         1      0  ce1411000
    172.16.27.0          172.16.27.6          U         1      0  ce1411000:1
    172.16.27.0          172.16.27.6          U         1      0  ce1411002
    192.168.0.0          192.168.0.62         U         1  24469  ce3
    172.31.193.0         172.31.193.2         U         1    651  clprivnet0
    172.16.11.0          172.16.11.6          U         1      0  ce1122002:1
    224.0.0.0            192.168.0.62         U         1      0  ce3
    default              172.16.3.1           UG        1   1454
    default              172.16.19.1          UG        1      0  ce1322000
    default              172.16.19.1          UG        1      0  ce1322002
    default              172.16.11.1          UG        1      0  ce1122000
    default              172.16.11.1          UG        1      0  ce1122002
    default              172.16.3.1           UG        1      0  ce1222000
    default              172.16.3.1           UG        1      0  ce1222002
    127.0.0.1            127.0.0.1            UH        41048047  lo
    #ifconfig -a
    lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232
    index 1
            inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
    lo0:1: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232
    index 1
            zone Z-BTO1-1
            inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
    lo0:2: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232
    index 1
            zone Z-BTO1-2
            inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
    lo0:3: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232
    index 1
            zone Z-ITR1-1
            inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
    lo0:4: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232
    index 1
            zone Z-TDN1-1
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            inet 172.16.11.8 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 172.16.11.127
            groupname ipmp2
            ether 0:3:ba:f:68:0
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            inet 172.16.11.10 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 172.16.11.255
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            inet 172.16.3.6 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 172.16.3.127
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            ether 0:3:ba:f:63:94
    ce1222000:1:
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    mtu 1500 index 4
            inet 172.16.3.7 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 172.16.3.127
    ce1222002:
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            inet 172.16.3.8 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 172.16.3.127
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            ether 0:3:ba:f:68:0
    ce1222002:1: flags=1040843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DEPRECATED,IPv4>
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            zone Z-BTO1-1
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            zone Z-BTO1-2
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