Tablespace Encryption in TDE

Oracle 11.0.1.7:
Couple of questions:
1. When using Encrypted Tablespace is the data written in redo logs also encrypted?
2. Is it possible to alter the existing tablespace to add encryption assuming there are no objects in that tablespace?

You can't force data in an encrypted tablespace to be unencrypted in the REDO logs, no. If you could, that would be a pretty serious security hole. The whole point of encrypting tablespaces is that then a person that gets your backups can't recover your data unless they also get your wallet. If they could just recover the data from the redo logs (and archived redo logs), they could recover your database from backups without the wallet.
Justin

Similar Messages

Tablespace encryption or column based?

Oracle 11.0.1.7:
In Advanced Security Tutorial it doesn't say if tablespace encryption is better or column based encryption is better in terms of performance. I did hear from my peers that tablespace encryption is faster but that logic seems to be so much flawed because encrypting everything should have more overhead. Does anyone have some kind of stats on which is better over other?

When you do column-level encryption, there are [various restrictions|http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/network.111/b28530/asotrans.htm#ASOAG9518] you need to be aware of. Among them, is that index range scans are disallowed. If your application depends on index range scans, as opposed to other types of index accesses, on a column you are encrypting, that may dwarf the performance impact of the actual encryption.
I'm assuming your 5% figure comes from [this discussion on performance overheads of TDE|http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B28359_01/network.111/b28530/asotrans.htm#ASOAG9550]. If that is the case, yes, if you have a SELECT statement that selects two columns that are both encrypted at the column level, the performance overhead is probably relatively linear.
Tom Kyte's [All About Encryption presentation|http://www.ooug.org/presentations.html] and the associated scripts are probably a good place to start quantifying the performance overheads.
Justin

How to conduct Tablespace encryption in 11gR1

hi,
i recently completed 10g upgrade to 11gr1 (11.0.6). upgrade is completed and successful.
Now there is 1 read only tablespace which has HR data(ssn, credit card, birth date etc) which i need to encrypt.
I know high level steps is
1; use expdp table the tablespace export
2: drop the tablespace
3; recreate new encrypted tablespace
4:import into new encrypted tablepsace
i have not used expdp and encryption in past.
what syntax i need to use for expdp to conduct tabelspace export.

So following steps have valid syntax?
sqlplus " /as sysdba"
sql>drop tablespace lawtbs;
sql>ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION KEY IDENTIFIED BY “lawtbs011”;
sql>CREATE TABLESPACE lawtbs
DATAFILE ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lawtbs_data_01.dbf’ SIZE 2040m,
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lawtbs_data_02.dbf’ SIZE 2040m
ENCRYPTION USING ‘AES256
DEFAULT STORAGE(ENCRYPT);
sql>create or replace directory imp_dir as '/u01/app/import_ts';
sql>exit;
$impdp system/<passwd> tablespaces=lawtbs directory=imp_dir dumpfile=expdp_tbs.dmp logfile=impdp_tbs.log

Updates on encrypted column (TDE oracle10g)

Hello All:
Is there any way to speed up the updates on on a large encrypted column table having 40mil records .
My experience is it is taking unusally long time and my understanding is oracle has to use decryption algorithm for each row updates.
Any ideas appreciated.
Thanks
S~

Run a trace and post the results.
The question I would ask is whether the encryption has anything to do with it. Might a poor design cause the exact same thing without encryption? Do you know?

Advanced Security -TDE - Encrypted Tablespace Question

In discussions regarding the move of existing objects from a non-encrypted tablespace to a TDE tablespace, all relevant text, e.g. [TDE Best Practices|http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/database-security/pdf/twp_transparent-data-encryption_bestpractices.pdf], states that the objects should be exported from the non-encrypted tablespace and then imported into the encrypted tablespace. After which the old tablespace should be dropped, wiped, etc.
I'm just wondering if there is a reason that we couldn't use an ALTER TABLE..MOVE operation instead. If not, specifically, why not?
Thanks,
-Joe

Oracle Docs at followng link says..
http://download-uk.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/network.112/e10746/asotrans.htm
" You cannot encrypt an existing tablespace. However, you can import data into an encrypted tablespace using the Oracle Data Pump utility. You can also use SQL commands like CREATE TABLE...AS SELECT...or ALTER TABLE...MOVE... to move data into an encrypted tablespace. The CREATE TABLE...AS SELECT... command enables you to create a table from an existing table. The ALTER TABLE...MOVE... command enables you to move a table into the encrypted tablespace.
So you can do Alter table move too.

Ordinary Tablespace Vs TDE Tablespace

Hi,
I am using oracle 11g.
I have created an ordinary tablespace and created a table with 1000 rows and also i have created TDE tablespace(encrypted) and created the same table with 1000 rows.
When i check the time to insert the rows into both the tablespaces, the TDE tablespace considerably takes more time than ordinary tablespace.
My doubt is whether the TDE tablespace will take more storage to store the encrypted data than ordinary tablespace.
Plz any one explain this clearly..
Thanks in advance

Hi,
The issue that you have is not a fault within Oracle but a by-product of using encryption.
I would suggest that your server isn't up to the load of doing the encryption processing.
Also you are correct; you will require more storage space for TDE as the data will be bigger.
If you are encrypting a 16 byte string, it will become 32 bytes when encrypted with an AES256 key for example.
As I see it you have two options:
1/ Live with the degridation in performance
2/ Look at a crypto offload solution, such as that from Safenet (http://www.safenet-inc.com/products/database_encryption/DataSecure_i430_appliance.asp)
We use the second option for all our Oracle encryption as it offloads all the performance and key management onto a dedicated appliance.
The storage element is something you will have to live with as it is common to any encryption solution.

Comparing performance between TDE encryption and no encryption

Hi all,
How can i check, how much database resource (%CPU, Time elapsed) increased when using TDE encryption.
Thank you!
Dan.
Edited by: Dan on Jul 10, 2011 10:13 PM

The performance implications of using TDE are going to depend on a number of factors including
- The version of Oracle
- The hardware available (in particular whether hardware acceleration is available for encryption)
- Whether you are using tablespace encryption or column-level encryption
- If you are using column-level encryption how many columns you are encrypting
- What sort of workload your system is doing.
- Where your system bottlenecks today without encryption
Without knowing those things, it's hard to narrow down the answer to somewhere between 0 and 50% which is, obviously, far too large a range to be meaningful.
On the one hand, the worst case is probably represented by this test case where you're using column-level encryption of one column of a two column table in 10.2 and doing single-row inserts and deletes. Those operations are already heavily CPU bound and, since you're using column-level encryption, the data has to be encrypted and decrypted every time it goes into or out of the SGA. If you were using tablespace-level encryption, the data would only need to be encrypted and decrypted when it is read from or written to the disk which would be far faster in for this test case. Later versions of Oracle also tend to be more efficient.
On the other hand, if you're using 11.2 with the most recent patches and you've got hardware acceleration, Oracle is happy to trumpet the [urlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/advanced-security/index-099011.html]near-zero performance impact of TDE.
Most people live somewhere between these two extremes but it's hard to guess where your particular application falls. I would guess that most people would see something like a 10-15% increase in CPU consumption but that's just a wild guess based on a relatively small sample of systems.
Justin

TDE encryption backup

We have a database that is encrypted using TDE. We made a backup of this database and gave it to our clients who then need to restore the database to their server. How do I do this knowing TDE is enabled? I have the pvk and cer files from our server, but
not sure what the process is. can anyone help?

Restoring a TDE Encrypted Database to a Different Server or Location
Restoring a database to a different SQL Instance is usually a straightforward task. However, this attempt will return an error as shown below for an encrypted database when restoring into a different instance.
USE [master]
RESTORE DATABASE [TDE_restore] FROM
DISK = N'C:\Backup\TDE_Enabled.bak'
WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 5
Output:
Msg 33111, Level 16, State 3, Line 2
Cannot find server certificate with thumbprint..
Msg 3013, Level 16, State 3, Line 2
RESTORE DATABASE is terminating abnormally
To restore successfully, we will need to physically copy the certificate (.cer) and private key (.pvk) to the destination server. As a best practice, we should immediately back up the certificate and the private key when we enable TDE. However, we can still
take backup the certificate and private key now in the source server as shown below if not done earlier.
USE master;
GO
BACKUP CERTIFICATE TDECert1
TO FILE = 'E:\Backup\certificate_TDE_Test_Certificate.cer'
WITH PRIVATE KEY
(FILE = 'E:\Backup\certificate_TDE_Test_Key.pvk',
ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Password12#')
Create a Master Key in destination server.
The password provided here is different from the one we used in the source server since we are creating a new master key for this server.
USE master
GO
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'D1ffPa$$w0rd'
After a master key has been created, create a certificate by importing the certificate we created earlier. Here the ‘Decryption By Password’ parameter is same as that provided to export the certificate to a file.
CREATE CERTIFICATE TDECert2
FROM FILE = 'E:\cert_Backups\ certificate_TDE_Test_Certificate.cer'
WITH PRIVATE KEY (FILE = 'E:\cert_Backups\certificate_TDE_Test_Key.pvk',
DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Password12#')
Restore Database in destination server
We will now be able to restore the encrypted database backup successfully.
USE [master]
RESTORE DATABASE [TDE_Test] FROM DISK = N'F:\Backup\TDE_Test_withtde.bak'
WITH FILE = 1, NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 5
Raju Rasagounder Sr MSSQL DBA

Can I encrypt an AFP connection

Hi,
I've got an OSX server configured as a webserver and are using webdav with a SSL cert to allow customers to send and receive files. The only problem with this is that I can't enforce change of password.
Was wondering if we changed it to an afp connection would I still get any sort of encryption (needs to be 128bt). Also I guess I could then enforce password rules.
Thanks
Craig

Dear user495600,
Please read the following articles;
http://it.toolbox.com/wiki/index.php/How_to_encrypt_indexed_columns_in_Oracle
http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/database-security/transparent-data-encryption/tde_faq.html#A12007
From the Oracle documentation;
Transparent Data Encryption
   1. Will encrypted data be decrypted for all users who have been authorized to see it?
   2. What is the overhead associated with TDE?
   3. What are the encryption algorithms that can be used with TDE?
   4. Is it possible to use 3rd party encryptions algorithms in place of the ones provided by TDE?
   5. Can I use TDE column encryption on columns used in foreign key constraints?
   6. Can columns that are used for joins be encrypted?
   7. Can indexed columns be encrypted?
   8. What data types and data lengths does TDE column encryption support?
   9. Does the data stay encrypted on the network?
10. Does the database memory (SGA) contain clear-text or encrypted data?
11. How do I know which data to encrypt?
12. Where is the data that needs to be encrypted?
13. With Oracle Database 11gR1, shall I use TDE column encryption or TDE tablespace encryption?
14. How is TDE different from the encryption toolkit Oracle already provides?
15. How is TDE licensed?
Number 7:
# Can indexed columns be encrypted?
TDE tablespace encryption supports all indexes transparently.
For TDE column encryption, the index needs to be a normal B-tree index, used for equality searches. In case of a composite, function-based index, the encrypted column cannot be the one that was used for the function. When encrypting a column with an existing index, it is recommended to first extract the index definition with dbms_metadata.get_ddl, then drop the index, encrypt the column with the 'no salt' option, and re-build the index.http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/11gr1_db/security/tde/tde.htm
Hope That Helps.
Ogan

Encryption the column in oracle 10g

Hi,
I have a table containing ~ 45 millions records.
I have to apply encryption to 37 columns in the table. I tried with one column, that took around 7.5 hrs. to complete.
I used the below command for encryption:
ALTER TABLE employee MODIFY (first_name ENCRYPT NO SALT);
Could you please suggest some alternative way to apply the encryption to this table.
Thanks in Advance!!
Regards,
Ashwani N.

Hi Ashwani,
my 1 CPU 1 GB RAM laptop encrypts 1,000,000 credit card numbers in 90 seconds; so your's should done in an hour but not more.
You can use Online Table Redefinition, but then, with 37 columns encrypted, your performance impact will be significant once you're done.
I would highly (!!) recommend to upgrade to 11gR2 and use TDE tablespace encryption.
HTH, Peter

Transparent Data Encryption clarification

Hello All,
{color:#993300}http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/database-security/transparent-data-encryption/tde_faq.html#A12010
Does the database memory (SGA) contain clear-text or encrypted data?
With column-level TDE, encrypted data remains
encrypted inside the SGA, but with tablespace encryption, data is
already decrypted in the SGA.{color}
my doubt here is,
1. when a select query issued when and where the decryption takes place before the data comes to SGA?
2. Is there any tool to dump the duffer cache in SGA to find whether data is encrypted or not?
Plz do help me
Thanks in advance

AFAIK, TDE is for encrypting data on disk (so database cant be stolen), not for encryting data in the tables (may be wrong there)
dbms_obfuscation is deprecated in 10g, so used dbms_crypto instead - its much better

Can I encrypt an indexed field?Why?

Hi，everybody!
Can I encrypt an indexed fields ?Why?
lgs
Edited by: user495600 on 2010-8-11 上午7:18

Dear user495600,
Please read the following articles;
http://it.toolbox.com/wiki/index.php/How_to_encrypt_indexed_columns_in_Oracle
http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/database-security/transparent-data-encryption/tde_faq.html#A12007
From the Oracle documentation;
Transparent Data Encryption
   1. Will encrypted data be decrypted for all users who have been authorized to see it?
   2. What is the overhead associated with TDE?
   3. What are the encryption algorithms that can be used with TDE?
   4. Is it possible to use 3rd party encryptions algorithms in place of the ones provided by TDE?
   5. Can I use TDE column encryption on columns used in foreign key constraints?
   6. Can columns that are used for joins be encrypted?
   7. Can indexed columns be encrypted?
   8. What data types and data lengths does TDE column encryption support?
   9. Does the data stay encrypted on the network?
10. Does the database memory (SGA) contain clear-text or encrypted data?
11. How do I know which data to encrypt?
12. Where is the data that needs to be encrypted?
13. With Oracle Database 11gR1, shall I use TDE column encryption or TDE tablespace encryption?
14. How is TDE different from the encryption toolkit Oracle already provides?
15. How is TDE licensed?
Number 7:
# Can indexed columns be encrypted?
TDE tablespace encryption supports all indexes transparently.
For TDE column encryption, the index needs to be a normal B-tree index, used for equality searches. In case of a composite, function-based index, the encrypted column cannot be the one that was used for the function. When encrypting a column with an existing index, it is recommended to first extract the index definition with dbms_metadata.get_ddl, then drop the index, encrypt the column with the 'no salt' option, and re-build the index.http://www.oracle.com/technology/obe/11gr1_db/security/tde/tde.htm
Hope That Helps.
Ogan

Encrypting archive log files...

We've started learning and are exploring TDE (tablespace encryption on windows servers). All datatypes appear to be encrypted in the datafiles (looked via block dump), but only a few datatypes appear to be encrypted in the archive logs. Is this the right behavior? Is there a way to fully encrypt the archive logs too?

Found out the problem. We failed to include <DEFAULT STORAGE(ENCRYPT)> in our create tablespace statement. The archive logs are now also encrypted.
CREATE TABLESPACE encryptedtbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/d1v11201/encryptedtbs01.dbf' SIZE 100M
ENCRYPTION USING 'AES256'
DEFAULT STORAGE(ENCRYPT);

Encryption Scheme used by Oracle Database

Dear Experts,
I am doing research on database security. I need some help and guidelines.
1. Which Encryption scheme Oracle use to secure database?
2. How can be keep safe data from database administrator?
3. Is database security depends on Operating System?
Regards,
Shah Jehan

The docs are at http://tahiti.oracle.com.
There are many different things you can secure and many different ways to secure them.
What is missing from your inquiry is a version number.
Here are some links to encryption related technologies:
http://www.morganslibrary.org/library.html
Look up:
Data Pump -- secure your exports
DBMS_CRYPTO -- secure your data
Net Services -- secure network transmission
RMAN -- secure backups
SecureFiles -- encrypt data
Tablespaces -- encrypt data
Transparent Data Encryption -- encrypt data
Not one of them has anything to do with Advanced Compression so why did you post your inquiry here?
Please do not respond in this thread but, instead, post a new thread in "Database - General" where your inquiry belongs.
Thank you.

The certificate 'instance' cannot be dropped because it is bound to one or more database encryption key.

my question is the as this one on this link
https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/sqlserver/en-US/55deada2-95f1-46a9-82be-c7e684a4bddb/the-certificate-certname-cannot-be-dropped-because-it-is-bound-to-one-or-more-database-encryption?forum=sqlreplication. but there is no clear answer what to
do . would anyone please help me and give me guidance?
i had create a master key and a certificate under master database. and now i want to drop these certificate and master key from this database and face with this error :sg 3716, Level 16, State 15, Line 1
The certificate 'TDECert' cannot be dropped because it is bound to one or more database encryption key .
thanks in advance

Have you enaled TDE for any user database? if yes, and you do not want to continue with having TDE encryption, then you need to run the first command by changing the dbname to that user database instead of master.
ALTER DATABASE DBName SET ENCRYPTION OFF
You can run below command to see if any database are encrypted using TDE
Select is_encrypted,* from sys.databases
Keerthi Deep | Blog SQLServerF1 |
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Tablespace Encryption in TDE

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