Thr_create() returns -1 which isn't specified in the man page. What is -1?

Question

Hello,
I'm for the first time experimenting with Solaris threads as I'm porting an AIX app. over to Solaris.
Anyhow, I have a sample program that creates a simple thread. For some reason, the return value of of the initial thr_create is -1, which isn't specified in the man page for thr_create. The man page lists the following return values, non of which are -1:
RETURN VALUES
Zero indicates a successful return and a non-zero value
indicates an error.
ERRORS
If any of the following conditions occur, these functions
fail and return the corresponding value:
EAGAIN The system-imposed limit on the total number
of threads in a process has been exceeded or
some system resource has been exceeded (for
example, too many LWPs were created).
EINVAL The value specified by attr is invalid.
If any of the following conditions are detected,
pthread_create() fails and returns the corresponding value:
ENOMEM Not enough memory was available to create the
new thread.
If any of the following conditions are detected,
thr_create() fails and returns the corresponding value:
EINVAL o stack_base is not NULL and stack_size is
less than the value returned by
thr_min_stack(3T).
o stack_base is NULL and stack_size is not
zero and is less than the value returned by
thr_min_stack(3T).
However, I don't see a -1 there and therefore, don't know what this means.
Here is the simple code that I wrote for this experiment as well as the output. It doesn't get too far into the program before exiting - I've bolded where it exits:
#define _REENTRANT
#include <stdio.h>
#include <thread.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* Function prototypes for thread routines */
void sub_a(void );
void sub_b(void );
void sub_c(void );
void sub_d(void );
void sub_e(void );
void sub_f(void );
thread_t thr_a, thr_b, thr_c;
void main()
thread_t main_thr;
int rc = 0;
main_thr = thr_self();
printf("Main thread = %d\n", main_thr);
if (rc = thr_create(NULL, 0, sub_b, NULL, THR_NEW_LWP, &thr_b))
printf("\n rc = %d",rc);
switch(rc)
case EAGAIN: printf("This one1");
break;
case EINVAL: printf("This one2");
break;
case ENOMEM: printf("This one3");
break;
default: printf("rc = %d");
break;
fprintf(stderr,"Can't create thr_b\n"),
* exit(1); *
/* if (thr_create(NULL, 0, sub_a, (void *)thr_b, THR_NEW_LWP, &thr_a))
fprintf(stderr,"Can't create thr_a\n"), exit(1); */
if (thr_create(NULL, 0, sub_c, (void *)main_thr, THR_NEW_LWP, &thr_c))
fprintf(stderr,"Can't create thr_c\n"), exit(1);
printf("Main Created threads A:%d B:%d C:%d\n", thr_a, thr_b, thr_c);
printf("Main Thread exiting...\n");
thr_exit((void *)main_thr);
void sub_a(void arg)
thread_t thr_b = (thread_t) arg;
thread_t thr_d;
int i;
printf("A: In thread A...\n");
if (thr_create(NULL, 0, sub_d, (void *)thr_b, THR_NEW_LWP, &thr_d))
fprintf(stderr, "Can't create thr_d\n"), exit(1);
printf("A: Created thread D:%d\n", thr_d);
/* process
for (i=0;i<1000000*(int)thr_self();i++);
printf("A: Thread exiting...\n");
thr_exit((void *)77);
void * sub_b(void *arg)
int i;
printf("B: In thread B...\n");
/* process
for (i=0;i<1000000*(int)thr_self();i++);
printf("B: Thread exiting...\n");
thr_exit((void *)66);
void * sub_c(void *arg)
void *status;
int i;
thread_t main_thr, ret_thr;
main_thr = (thread_t)arg;
printf("C: In thread C...\n");
if (thr_create(NULL, 0, sub_f, (void *)0, THR_BOUND|THR_DAEMON, NULL))
fprintf(stderr, "Can't create thr_f\n"), exit(1);
printf("C: Join main thread\n");
if (thr_join(main_thr,(thread_t *)&ret_thr, &status))
fprintf(stderr, "thr_join Error\n"), exit(1);
printf("C: Main thread (%d) returned thread (%d) w/status %d\n", main_thr, ret_thr, (int) status);
/* process
for (i=0;i<1000000*(int)thr_self();i++);
printf("C: Thread exiting...\n");
thr_exit((void *)88);
void * sub_d(void *arg)
thread_t thr_b = (thread_t) arg;
int i;
thread_t thr_e, ret_thr;
void *status;
printf("D: In thread D...\n");
if (thr_create(NULL, 0, sub_e, NULL, THR_NEW_LWP, &thr_e))
fprintf(stderr,"Can't create thr_e\n"), exit(1);
printf("D: Created thread E:%d\n", thr_e);
printf("D: Continue B thread = %d\n", thr_b);
thr_continue(thr_b);
printf("D: Join E thread\n");
if(thr_join(thr_e,(thread_t *)&ret_thr, &status))
fprintf(stderr,"thr_join Error\n"), exit(1);
printf("D: E thread (%d) returned thread (%d) w/status %d\n", thr_e,
ret_thr, (int) status);
/* process
for (i=0;i<1000000*(int)thr_self();i++);
printf("D: Thread exiting...\n");
thr_exit((void *)55);
void * sub_e(void *arg)
int i;
thread_t ret_thr;
void *status;
printf("E: In thread E...\n");
printf("E: Join A thread\n");
if(thr_join(thr_a,(thread_t *)&ret_thr, &status))
fprintf(stderr,"thr_join Error\n"), exit(1);
printf("E: A thread (%d) returned thread (%d) w/status %d\n", ret_thr, ret_thr, (int) status);
printf("E: Join B thread\n");
if(thr_join(thr_b,(thread_t *)&ret_thr, &status))
fprintf(stderr,"thr_join Error\n"), exit(1);
printf("E: B thread (%d) returned thread (%d) w/status %d\n", thr_b, ret_thr, (int) status);
printf("E: Join C thread\n");
if(thr_join(thr_c,(thread_t *)&ret_thr, &status))
fprintf(stderr,"thr_join Error\n"), exit(1);
printf("E: C thread (%d) returned thread (%d) w/status %d\n", thr_c, ret_thr, (int) status);
for (i=0;i<1000000*(int)thr_self();i++);
printf("E: Thread exiting...\n");
thr_exit((void *)44);
void sub_f(void arg)
int i;
printf("F: In thread F...\n");
while (1) {
for (i=0;i<10000000;i++);
printf("F: Thread F is still running...\n");
OUTPUT:
# /emc/smithr15/solthread
Main thread = 1
rc = -1Can't create thr_b
rc = -1#
Any ideas as to what -1 indicates and how to solve this?
Thanks for your response,
dedham_ma_man

Answer 1

ok, my bad. I wasn't linking in the -lthread library.
Thanks anyway.