UDP and TCP ports

Hi:
I have a question. As we know, scanning TCP ports is a lot eaiser than UDP ports because active UDP ports don't respond and there are other reasons as well.
try{
Socket soc= new Scoket(address, portnumber);
catch(Throwable e){ System.out.println(e)}
look at the code above, it can only tell you active TCP ports for the Throwable e tells you nothing about UDP ports. An active UDP port doesn' respond to the connection call "soc". Therefore it will throw an exception(connection refused) after trying to connect an active UDP port. This exception is just like those of closed TCP ports.
What i am saying is that active UDP ports will be treated the same as closed TCP ports. They are hidden in closed TCP ports. How do i sift them out? Any solutions?

I am basically trying to determine how many UDP and TCP ports on a machine are open. Open TCP ports are easy to see. But UDP ports are tricky. Can you please tell me more in detail using a datagram socket?

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    Dearest colleagues,
    I've done a few hours of research learning what I can
    about TCP vs UDP. I could still use some input from
    those of you who have used both in real-world,
    scaleable, distributed, commercial, and successful
    projects.
    I have a new position at a new company. My part of
    this project consists of 3 types of distributed Java
    server programs: desktop client, data server, and
    controller server. Thousands of desktop clients will
    be periodically transferring "megs" of data to
    several data servers. The (singular) controller will
    persist metadata into a database, and also coordinate
    data transfer between the desktop clients and the
    data servers.
    TCP seems appropriate for all "control" and metadata
    communications between all these components.
    Everyone talks to the controller for everything,
    , except for the periodic transfer of the "actual"
    data. The desktop clients send that data directly to
    the appropriate data server using either UDP or TCP.Key feature of TCP is connection orianted and reliablity. If you need long sessions with high reliability TCP is the way to go.
    (Long sessions means the client do multiple transaction through same session)
    But reliablity of TCP comes at a cost. (Less bandwith efficiency) but of course if you need to transfer data I say TCP is better.
    But if you want your clients need to work in unreliable network links (Onse that breakes down often) TCP might cause problems since you have to re establish the connection every time there is a problem.
    Also if the sessions are short then UDP is better becouse if you Use TCP for very short sessions Connection establishment and closing can take more time that the actual data transfer.
    But if you use UDP you must deal with the unreliability.
    One key project requirement is the ability to provide
    network throttling control, so as not to saturate the
    client's LAN or WAN. This product mustn't disrupt
    the client's real-time network data (like VoiP and
    video conferencing). I expect the controller server
    to manage this.It is true that TCP add more owerhead than UDP but in most cases compaired to the amount of data you transfer through network that is nothing.
    Key to save the bandwith is to designe a efficint communication protocol which minimize the amount of data that you have to transfer.
    Also you can Implement input/output streams which can limit the number of bytes that can be written or read through them. (Even though that got nothing to do with networking that will give you full control over the bandwidth usage by the programs)
    Someone with more seniority than me at this company
    has suggested TFTP (which uses UDP) as the best
    protocol for the data transfer protocol. This person
    also claims that UDP allows larger packet sizes and
    less protocol overhead, resulting in greater data
    transfer rates than TCP.TFTP is good for transfering small files through networrks since there is less overhead but when it comes to large amounts of data there is no much difference.
    But TFTP have a advantage over ureliable networks.
    (If the networks fails TCP connection fails, but in UDP a network faliour is just a loss of several datagrams which the programs anyways should be able to handle)
    I have a number of concerns and questions:
    1) Can't the packet sizes be set for both UDP and
    TCP? If so, can't one equal both (in terms of
    average overhead) just by adjusting the packet
    sizes?In tcp packet size is not a big issue since data are transfered through stream. Once the streams are open you can keep them opena as long as you want and send as many bytes as you want.
    2) I realize that one needs to accomodate UDP
    droppage in order to compare throughput with TCP. In
    a LAN environment is it reasonable to assume that
    droppage would be minimal or zero? )Otherwise
    wouldn't it be a LAN problem someone would be
    fixing?)Even though UPD is said to be unreliable if the programs are written well. In a LAN UDP is almost as areliable as TCP(This is depend on the reliability of LAN)
    Thats why it says when you write UDP applications you must test them in slow unreliable Wan links.
    3) If #2 above allows me to assume minimal UDP
    droppage, does the underlying packet protocol
    overhead difference give UDP a substantial throughput
    advantage? If so, how much (roughly)?It depends
    Ex:-
    Lts assume UDB header is 25 bytes and TCP heade is 50 for simplicity
    If your data size is 10 byte.
    lets say UDP adds overhead of 5 bytes
    now the efficiency is 10/(10+25) = 0.38
    If TCP adds 10 overhead bytes
    now the efficiency is 10/(10+50) = 0.16
    lets doa the same calculation for 1000 bytes
    UDP
    1000/(1000 + 25) = 0.97
    TCP
    1000/(1000+ 50) = 0.95
    So it depends on your application and data volume
    4) I believe UDP packets are treated as "high
    priority" but "low reliability". For my application,
    doesn't that mean that UDP is more likely to cause
    problems by competing for VoiP and VidCon bandwith?No Priority is set on IP level so it can be applied to both TCP and UDP
    5) What about trying to write my servers to allow
    for either UDP or TCP to be
    used for data transfer? If you have done this, would
    you recommend for or against it? Why?For data transfer I recomend TCP becouse reliability is important.
    If you use UDP you have to handle reliability (Lots of programming)
    6) If you had to recommend just one book for me for
    right now (given this project), which would it be:
    6a) Java Distributed Computing (O'Reilly) by Jim
    Farley
    6b) Internetworking with TCP/IP by Doug Comer's
    6c) Unix Network Programming by Richard Stevens
    Being the New Kid on the Block at this company, I
    need to know all I can as I navigate the politics
    with this more senior person. I'm no newbie - I've
    been programming professionally for 27 years, the
    last 6 in Java including networking, sockets, JDBC,
    etc.
    Thank you very much for your assistance.

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