UNICODE text

Question

Hi,
Could anyone tell me how to bind UNICODE text and ANSI to SQL statement as parameters or result columns in Windows environment ? I mean to bind in the same statement one parameter as an UNICODE text and second one as an ANSI (multibyte) text.
Thx

Answer 1

Use the following code UTF and NLS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <oci.h>
static text username = (text ) "SCOTT";
static text password = (text ) "TIGER";
/* Define SQL statements to be used in program. */
static text insert = (text ) "INSERT INTO nls_demo(myno, myname, mydesc)\
VALUES (:myno, :myname, :mydesc)";
static text maxemp = (text ) "SELECT NVL(MAX(myno), 0) FROM nls_demo";
static text selemp = (text ) "SELECT myno, myname, mydesc FROM nls_demo";
static OCIEnv *envhp;
static OCIServer *srvhp;
static OCIError *errhp;
static OCISvcCtx *svchp;
static OCIStmt stmthp0, stmthp1, stmthp2, stmthp3;
static OCIDefine defnp0 = (OCIDefine ) 0;
static OCIDefine defnp1 = (OCIDefine ) 0;
static OCIDefine defnp2 = (OCIDefine ) 0;
static OCIDefine defnp3 = (OCIDefine ) 0;
static OCIDefine defnp4 = (OCIDefine ) 0;
static OCIBind bnd1p = (OCIBind ) 0; /* the first bind handle */
static OCIBind bnd2p = (OCIBind ) 0; /* the second bind handle */
static OCIBind bnd3p = (OCIBind ) 0; /* the third bind handle */
static sword status;
#define MYBUFSIZE 4000
#define MYLONGSIZE 4000
static utext ubuf[MYBUFSIZE]; /* a buffer for unicode conversion */
static char tbuf[MYBUFSIZE]; /* a buffer for text conversion */
static void checkerr(OCIError *errhp, sword status);
static void cleanup(void);
/* Converting buffers from and to unicode */
static size_t mytxt2uni();
static size_t myuni2txt();
/* ------- MAIN program ------- */
int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
sword empno;
text ename[40];
sb4 enamelen = 40;
utext mydesc[MYLONGSIZE];
sb4 mydesclen = MYLONGSIZE;          
sb2 ename_ind, mydesc_ind, empno_ind, ename_rlen, mydesc_rlen;
utext *ename_u;
size_t blen=0;
int i;
ub2 myucs2id = OCI_UCS2ID; /* Unicode character set ID */
OCISession authp = (OCISession ) 0;
/* Allocate space for the Unicode buffer */
ename_u = (utext *) malloc((size_t) ((enamelen + 1) * sizeof(utext)));
if (!ename_u)
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot allocate memory\n");
return 1;
/* Set up the OCI environment */
(void) OCIInitialize((ub4) OCI_DEFAULT, (dvoid *)0,
(dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, size_t)) 0,
(dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *, size_t))0,
(void (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *)) 0 );
(void) OCIEnvInit( (OCIEnv **) &envhp, OCI_DEFAULT, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0 );
(void) OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR,
(size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
/* server contexts */
(void) OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER,
(size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
(void) OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
(size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
(void) OCIServerAttach( srvhp, errhp, (text *)"", strlen(""), 0);
/* set attribute server context in the service context */
(void) OCIAttrSet( (dvoid *) svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)srvhp, (ub4) 0,
OCI_ATTR_SERVER, (OCIError *) errhp);
(void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **)&authp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
          (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
(void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) authp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
(dvoid *) username, (ub4) strlen((char *)username),
(ub4) OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhp);
(void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) authp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,
(dvoid *) password, (ub4) strlen((char *)password),
(ub4) OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhp);
checkerr(errhp, OCISessionBegin ( svchp, errhp, authp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS,
               (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT));
(void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *) svchp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX,
(dvoid *) authp, (ub4) 0,
(ub4) OCI_ATTR_SESSION, errhp);
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &stmthp0,
OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0));
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &stmthp1,
OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0));
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &stmthp2,
OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0));
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleAlloc( (dvoid *) envhp, (dvoid **) &stmthp3,
OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0));
/* Retrieve the current maximum employee number */
/* Prepare the statement */
checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp0, errhp, maxemp,
strlen((const char *)maxemp),
(ub4) OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT));
/* bind the input variable */
checkerr(errhp, OCIDefineByPos(stmthp0, &defnp0, errhp, 1, (dvoid *) &empno,
(sword) sizeof(sword), SQLT_INT, (dvoid *) 0, (ub2 *)0,
(ub2 *)0, OCI_DEFAULT));
/* execute and fetch */
if (status = OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp0, errhp, (ub4) 1, (ub4) 0,
(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *) NULL, OCI_DEFAULT))
if (status == OCI_NO_DATA)
empno = 10;
else
checkerr(errhp, status);
cleanup();
return OCI_ERROR;
empno+=10;
/* Insert new data */
checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp2, errhp, insert,
strlen((const char*)insert),
(ub4) OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT));
/* Bind the placeholders in the INSERT statement. */
checkerr(errhp, OCIBindByName(stmthp2, &bnd1p, errhp,(text*)":MYNO", strlen(":MYNO"),
(dvoid *) &empno,
(sword) sizeof(empno), SQLT_INT, (dvoid *) &empno_ind,
(ub2 *) 0, (ub2 *) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,
OCI_DEFAULT));
strcpy((char*)ename, "Scott Tiger"); /* just a fixed name for the demo */
/* Convert buffer to Unicode */
mytxt2uni(envhp, ename_u, enamelen+1, ename, enamelen+1);
/* --- Bind the input Unicode buffer for the NAME column --- */
checkerr(errhp, OCIBindByName(stmthp2, &bnd2p, errhp,
(text*)":MYNAME", strlen(":MYNAME"),
(dvoid *) ename_u,
(enamelen+1) * sizeof (utext), SQLT_STR, (dvoid *) 0,
(ub2 *) 0, (ub2 *) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,
OCI_DEFAULT));
/* Set the attribute for the buffer to be Unicode encoded */
checkerr(errhp,
OCIAttrSet(bnd2p, OCI_HTYPE_BIND, &myucs2id, 0, OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID, errhp));
/* Set the culomn width on the server */
checkerr(errhp,
OCIAttrSet(bnd2p, OCI_HTYPE_BIND, &enamelen, 0, OCI_ATTR_MAXDATA_SIZE, errhp));
/*--- Bind the long DESC column using Unicode buffer ---- */
checkerr(errhp, OCIBindByName(stmthp2, &bnd3p, errhp,
(text*)":MYDESC", strlen(":MYDESC"),
(dvoid *) mydesc,
MYLONGSIZE * sizeof(utext), SQLT_LNG, (dvoid *) 0,
(ub2 *) 0, (ub2 *) 0, (ub4) 0, (ub4 *) 0,
OCI_DEFAULT));
checkerr(errhp,
OCIAttrSet(bnd3p, OCI_HTYPE_BIND, &myucs2id, 0, OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID, errhp));
checkerr(errhp,
OCIAttrSet(bnd3p, OCI_HTYPE_BIND, &mydesclen, 0, OCI_ATTR_MAXDATA_SIZE, errhp));
/* fill data into long column - for demo purpose some numbers */
for (i=0; i < MYBUFSIZE-1; i++)
tbuf[i] = (text)(i % 10 + (text)'0');
tbuf[i] = (text)0;
empno_ind = 0; /* Reset indicator */
/* Convert long buffer to Unicode */
blen = mytxt2uni(envhp, mydesc, MYLONGSIZE, tbuf, MYBUFSIZE);
/* --- Finally execute and commit the statement ---- */
checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp2, errhp, (ub4) 1, (ub4) 0,
(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *) NULL, OCI_DEFAULT));
checkerr(errhp, OCITransCommit(svchp, errhp, 0));
/* Selecting the data again */
/* --- Prepare the select statement ------ */
checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtPrepare(stmthp3, errhp,
selemp, strlen((char *)selemp),
(ub4) OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4) OCI_DEFAULT ));
/* Define the output variable for the select-list. */
checkerr(errhp, OCIDefineByPos(stmthp3, &defnp2, errhp, 1,
(dvoid *) &empno, sizeof(empno), SQLT_INT,
     (dvoid *) 0, (ub2 *) 0, (ub2 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT));
checkerr(errhp, OCIDefineByPos(stmthp3, &defnp3, errhp, 2,
(dvoid *) ename_u, (enamelen+1) * sizeof(utext), SQLT_STR,
     (dvoid *) &ename_ind, (ub2 *) &ename_rlen,
(ub2 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT));
/* Set the output name buffer to be Unicode encoded */
checkerr(errhp,
OCIAttrSet(defnp3, OCI_HTYPE_DEFINE, &myucs2id, 0, OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID, errhp));
checkerr(errhp, OCIDefineByPos(stmthp3, &defnp4, errhp, 3,
(dvoid *) mydesc, MYLONGSIZE * sizeof(utext), SQLT_LNG,
     (dvoid *) &mydesc_ind, (ub2 *) &mydesc_rlen,
(ub2 *) 0, OCI_DEFAULT));
/* Set the output desc buffer to be Unicode encoded */
checkerr(errhp,
OCIAttrSet(defnp4, OCI_HTYPE_DEFINE, &myucs2id, 0, OCI_ATTR_CHARSET_ID, errhp));
/* Execute the select command */
checkerr(errhp, OCIStmtExecute(svchp, stmthp3, errhp, (ub4) 0, (ub4) 0,
(CONST OCISnapshot *) NULL, (OCISnapshot *) NULL, OCI_DEFAULT));
/* Fetch the data display status of indicator variables */
do
empno=0;
status = OCIStmtFetch(stmthp3, errhp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, OCI_DEFAULT);
if(status !=0 && status != 100)
checkerr(errhp, status);
if (status == OCI_SUCCESS)
printf("Number %d selected with following status:\n", empno);
printf(" indicator variables: MYNAME %5d, MYDESC %5d\n", ename_ind, mydesc_ind);
printf(" length of data : MYNAME %5d, MYDESC %5d\n", ename_rlen, mydesc_rlen);
} while (status==0);
cleanup();
/* Function checking for errors during an OCI call execution */
void checkerr(errhp, status)
OCIError *errhp;
sword status;
text errbuf[512];
sb4 errcode = 0;
switch (status)
case OCI_SUCCESS:
break;
case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:
(void) printf("Error - OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO\n");
break;
case OCI_NEED_DATA:
(void) printf("Error - OCI_NEED_DATA\n");
break;
case OCI_NO_DATA:
(void) printf("Error - OCI_NODATA\n");
break;
case OCI_ERROR:
(void) OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhp, (ub4) 1, (text *) NULL, &errcode,
errbuf, (ub4) sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
(void) printf("Error - %.*s\n", 512, errbuf);
break;
case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:
(void) printf("Error - OCI_INVALID_HANDLE\n");
break;
case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:
(void) printf("Error - OCI_STILL_EXECUTE\n");
break;
case OCI_CONTINUE:
(void) printf("Error - OCI_CONTINUE\n");
break;
default:
break;
* Exit program with an exit code.
void cleanup()
if (stmthp2)
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) stmthp2, OCI_HTYPE_STMT));
if (stmthp1)
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) stmthp1, OCI_HTYPE_STMT));
if (errhp)
(void) OCIServerDetach( srvhp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT );
if (srvhp)
checkerr(errhp, OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER));
if (svchp)
(void) OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
if (errhp)
(void) OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
return;
/* Convert a buffer to unicode using OCICharSetToUnicode function */
size_t mytxt2uni(dvoid envhp, utext dst, size_t dstlen,
CONST text * src, size_t srclen)
size_t cconv; /* Number of characters converted */
sword ret;
if ((ret=OCICharSetToUnicode(envhp, dst, dstlen, src, srclen, &cconv))
!= OCI_SUCCESS)
fprintf(stderr,"\nError in mytxtuni (ret = %d)\n", ret);
exit(1);
return cconv;
/* Convert a unicode buffer to text using OCIUnicodeToCharSet */
size_t myuni2txt(dvoid envhp, text dst, size_t dstlen,
CONST utext * src, size_t srclen)
size_t bconv;
sword ret;
if ((ret=OCIUnicodeToCharSet(envhp, dst, dstlen, src, srclen, &bconv))
!= OCI_SUCCESS)
fprintf(stderr, "\nError in myuni2txt (ret = %d)\n", ret);
exit(1);
/* Check for usage of replacement character during conversion */
if (OCICharSetConversionIsReplacementUsed((dvoid*)envhp))
fprintf(stderr, "\nWarning: Replacement character used during conversion!\n");
return bconv;
}