Use of expect in shell script

hi all ,
can anyone explain me this script particularly why expect is used here.
set timeout -1
spawn sftp [email protected]
match_max 100000
expect -exact "Connecting to 11.11.1.34...\r
sftp> "
send -- "cd /opt/app/policies/data\r"
expect -exact "cd /opt/app/policies/data\r
sftp> "
send -- "get potcontrol.dat\r"

"expect" is a particularly useful scripting tool when you need to make a script that performs an interactive, multi-command dialog with another utility, like FTP or SFTP (or in the olden days, I used it a lot with Kermit).
In your example, "expect" is being used to launch the sftp client to connect to some sftp server, switch to a certain directory and then fetch a copy of a certain datafile, all while expecting precise return strings coming back from the sftp client.
Certain tools and apps, like ftp, sftp and others, cannot be simply scripted via ordinary shell script methods to feed strings of commands to those tools and apps, because of unusual ways in which they open up their own separate /dev/tty to interact with the command line user, hence "expect" was created and is very useful for scripting dialogs with such tools and apps.
For instance, if you tried to make a typical "here document" type of shell script like this:
#!/usr/bin/sh
ftp <<END_CMDS
open some.ftp.host
myuser
mypassword
cd /some/dir/path
get somefile.dat
bye
END_CMDS
exit 0
You'd find that a typical ftp client will not read the commands from the shell script's /dev/tty and will still try to interactively prompt for user, password, etc. or it might just hang indefinitely waiting for input that will never come to it.
There are other shell scripting tricks to get a "here document" script to function with utilities like ftp/sftp/others, but if you have "expect" installed on your system, it's very simple to run "autoexpect" to record an interactive session of what you want to do, which will then automatically create the "expect script" for you.
"Expect" was created by our (USA) tax dollars, and is free for anyone to use: See the home page here for the whole story: http://expect.nist.gov/

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¯\_(ツ)_/¯

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