What is the best design pattern for top-down ws development..?

Hi,
What is the best design pattern for top-down development+ wsdl2service....?

elrathia wrote:
Hi Ben,
I haven't much idea of how override works and when you would use it and why. I'm the newest of the new here.
Good. At least you will not be smaking with a OPPer dOOPer hammer if I make some gramatical mistake.
You may want to look at this thread in the BreakPoint where i trie to help Cory get a handle on Dynamic Dispatching with an example of two classes that inherit from a common parent and invoke Over-ride VIs to do the same thing but with wildly varying results.
The example uses a Class of "Numeric" and a sibling class "Text" and the both implement an Add method.
It is dirt simple and Cory did a decent job of explaining it.
It just be the motivation you are looking for.
have fun!
Ben
Ben Rayner
I am currently active on.. MainStream Preppers
Rayner's Ridge is under construction

Similar Messages

What is the best design pattern for this problem?

No code to go with the question. I am trying to settle on the best design pattern for the problem before I code. I want to use an Object Oriented approach.
I have included a basic UML diagram of what I was thinking so far.
Stated simply, I have three devices; Module, Wired Modem, and Wireless Modem.
In the Device Under Test parent class, I have put the attributes that are variable from device to device, but common to all of them.
In the child classes, I have put the attributes that are not variable to each copy of that device. The attributes are common across device types. I was planning to use controls in the class definition that have the data set to a default value, since it doesn't change for each serial number of that device. For example, a Module will always have a Device Type ID of 1. These values are used to query the database.
An example query would be [DHR].[GetDeviceActiveVersions] '39288', 1, '4/26/2012 12:18:52 PM'
The '1' is the device type ID, the 39288 is the serial number, and the return would be "A000" or "S002", for example.
So, I would be pulling the Serial Number and Device Type ID from the Device Under Test parent and child, and passing them to the Database using a SQL string stored in the control of the Active Versions child class of Database.
The overall idea is that the same data is used to send multiple queries to the database and receiving back various data that I then evaluate for pass of fail, and for date order.
What I can't settle on is the approach. Should it be a Strategy pattern, A Chain of Command pattern, a Decorator pattern or something else.
Ideas?

elrathia wrote:
Hi Ben,
I haven't much idea of how override works and when you would use it and why. I'm the newest of the new here.
Good. At least you will not be smaking with a OPPer dOOPer hammer if I make some gramatical mistake.
You may want to look at this thread in the BreakPoint where i trie to help Cory get a handle on Dynamic Dispatching with an example of two classes that inherit from a common parent and invoke Over-ride VIs to do the same thing but with wildly varying results.
The example uses a Class of "Numeric" and a sibling class "Text" and the both implement an Add method.
It is dirt simple and Cory did a decent job of explaining it.
It just be the motivation you are looking for.
have fun!
Ben
Ben Rayner
I am currently active on.. MainStream Preppers
Rayner's Ridge is under construction

What is the best design pattern for multiple instruments?

I have several PXI cards (DMM, O-scope, etc) that I want to create a master panel that can control all of the instruments individually, though not necessarily all at the same time (turn "instruments" on and off at will while the master vi continues to run). Is there one design pattern (master/slave, producer/consumer, etc.) that works better than another for this type of master panel? Are there other alternatives for this type of problem (VI Server, etc)?
I was hoping that I could save a bunch of time if I could start on the right path right off the bat!
Thanks,
-Warren

elrathia wrote:
Hi Ben,
I haven't much idea of how override works and when you would use it and why. I'm the newest of the new here.
Good. At least you will not be smaking with a OPPer dOOPer hammer if I make some gramatical mistake.
You may want to look at this thread in the BreakPoint where i trie to help Cory get a handle on Dynamic Dispatching with an example of two classes that inherit from a common parent and invoke Over-ride VIs to do the same thing but with wildly varying results.
The example uses a Class of "Numeric" and a sibling class "Text" and the both implement an Add method.
It is dirt simple and Cory did a decent job of explaining it.
It just be the motivation you are looking for.
have fun!
Ben
Ben Rayner
I am currently active on.. MainStream Preppers
Rayner's Ridge is under construction

What are the best design requisites for a Query design?

Hi Guru's
Could you please let me know,which item will execute first when you run a query,I mean Calculated keyfigure,restricted keyfigure or formula e,t,c...How does it effects the Query performance?What are the design requisites to optimise better query performance?
Thanks in advance,
rgds,
Srini.

Hi Srinivas....
The design of queries can have a significant impact on the performance.
Sometimes long running queries are the result of poor design, not just the amount
of data. There are a number of design techniques that developers can use to
provide optimal query performance.
For example, in most cases characteristics should be placed in the rows and key
figures in the columns. A characteristic should only be used in the columns in
certain circumstances (like time). Characteristics having potentially many values
(such as 0MATERIAL) must not be added to the columns without a filter or
variables. Alternatively, it can be integrated into the query as a free characteristic
enabling it to be used in navigation.
If a relatively detailed time characteristic, such as calendar day (0CALDAY) is
added to the rows, the more aggregated time characteristics (such as calendar
month (0CALMONTH)) and calendar year (0CALYEAR) should also be included
in the free characteristics of the query. For most reports, a current period of time
(current month, previous or current calendar year) is useful. For this reason, the
use of variables is particularly relevant for time characteristics.
To improve query performance
1) Variables and drop down lists can improve query performance by making the
data request more specific. This is very important for queries against Data Store
Objects and InfoSets, which are not aggregated like InfoCubes.
2) When using restricted key figures, filters or selections, try to avoid the Exclusion
option if possible. Only characteristics in the inclusion can use database indexes.
Characteristics in the exclusion cannot use indexes.
3) When a query is run against a MultiProvider, all of InfoProviders in that
MultiProvider are read. The selection of the InfoProviders in a MultiProvider
query can be controlled by restricting the virtual characteristic 0INFOPROVIDER
to only read the InfoProviders that are needed. In this way, there will be no
unnecessary database reads.
4) Defining calculated key figures at the InfoProvider level instead
of the query level will improve query runtime performance, but may add
time for data loads.
5) Cell calculation by means of the cell editor generates separate queries at query
runtime. Be cautious with cell calculations.
6) Customer-specific code is necessary for virtual key figures and characteristics.
Check Code in Customer Exits.
7)Using graphics in queries, such as charts, can have a performance impact.
Hope this helps.........
Regards,
Debjani.........

What is the best Mac app for designing custom brochures and business cards?

What is the best Mac app for designing custom brochures and business cards? And Why? I like to use my creativity. I have Print Shop2 right now, less formatted templates and more options would be better. Any suggestions. Tell me why you like it. My background is MS windows XP Publisher 2003. Thank you for your help!
Nightowl7

What is the best Mac app for designing custom brochures and business cards? And Why? I like to use my creativity. I have Print Shop2 right now, less formatted templates and more options would be better. Any suggestions. Tell me why you like it. My background is MS windows XP Publisher 2003. Thank you for your help!
Nightowl7

What is the best free app for graphic design for mac

what is the best free app for graphic design for mac

Good place to look for software:
http://www.macupdate.com/
And for free alternatives to some popular software packages:
http://alternativeto.net/
(If you see an ad there for something called MacKeeper, ignore it and on no account install it - it is malware.)
And there is of course also the App Store!

I am a new mac user and I switch to mac due to the graphics that it brings. I do website in pc and I heard iweb is the best.NOW i heard that iweb will be discontinue. so what is the best application there for website using MAC OSX lion?

I am a new mac user and I switch to mac due to the graphics that it brings. I do website in pc and I heard iweb is the best.NOW i heard that iweb will be discontinue. so what is the best application there for website using MAC OSX lion?

It is now confirmed that iWeb, and iDVD, has been discontinued by Apple. This is evidenced by the fact that new Macs are shipping with iLife 11 installed but without iWeb and iDVD.
On June 30, 2012 MobileMe will be shutdown. However, iWeb will still continue to work but without the following:
Features No Longer Available Once MobileMe is Discontinued:
◼ Password protection
◼ Blog and photo comments
◼ Blog search
◼ Hit counter
◼ MobileMe Gallery
All of these features can be replaced with 3rd party options.
I found that if I published my site to a folder on my hard drive and then uploaded with a 3rd party FTP client subscriptions to slideshows and the RSS feed were broken. If I published directly from iWeb to the FPT server those two features continued to work correctly.
There's another problem and that's with iWeb's popup slideshows. Once the MMe servers are no longer online the popup slideshow buttons will not display their images.
Click to view full size
However, Roddy McKay and I have figured out a way to modify existing sites with those slideshows and iWeb itself so that those images will display as expected once MobileMe servers are gone. How to is described in this tutorial: #26 - How to Modify iWeb So Popup Slideshows Will Work After MobileMe is Discontinued.
It now appears that the iLife suite of applications offered on disc is now a discontinued product and the remaining supported iApps will only be available thru the App Store from now on. However, the iLife 11 boxed version that is still available at the online Apple Store (Store button at the top of the page) and those still on the shelves of retailers will include iWeb and iDVD. Those two apps were listed in small, gray text on the iLife 11 box that I bought.
Personally, if I didn't already have a copy I would purchase one to have it for reinstallation purposes if ever needed.
This might be of some interest to you at this time: Life After MobileMe.
OT

What is the best video converter for DVD to iMovie? Either free or to purchase.

What is the best video converter for DVD to iMovie? Either free or to purchase. And one that is 'fool-proof' and very easy to use. Many thanks, anyone who can advise.

You want to 'reverse engineer' the compressed mpeg2 DVD file back to something iMovie can use?
You need to convert the VOB files in the TS-Folder of the DVD back to DV which iMovie is designed to handle. For that you need mpegStreamclip:
http://www.squared5.com/svideo/mpeg-streamclip-mac.html
which is free, but you must also have the Apple mpeg2 plugin :
http://www.apple.com/quicktime/mpeg2/
(unless you are running Lion in which case see below))
which is a mere $20.
Another possibility is to use DVDxDV:
http://www.dvdxdv.com/NewFolderLookSite/Products/DVDxDV.overview.htm
which costs $25.
For the benefit of others who may read this thread:
Obviously the foregoing only applies to DVDs you have made yourself, or other home-made DVDs that have been given to you. It will NOT work on copy-protected commercial DVDs, which in any case would be illegal.
And from the TOU of these forums:
Keep within the Law
No material may be submitted that is intended to promote or commit an illegal act.
Do not submit software or descriptions of processes that break or otherwise ‘work around’ digital rights management software or hardware. This includes conversations about ‘ripping’ DVDs or working around FairPlay software used on the iTunes Store.
If you are running Lion:
From the MPEG Streamclip homepage
The installer of the MPEG-2 Playback Component may refuse to install the component in Lion. Apple states the component is unnecessary in Lion, however MPEG Streamclip still needs it.
To install the component in Lion, please download MPEG Streamclip 1.9.3b7 beta above; inside the disk image you will find the Utility MPEG2 Component Lion: use it to install the MPEG-2 Playback Component in Lion. The original installer's disk image (QuickTimeMPEG2.dmg) is required.
The current versions of MPEG Streamclip cannot take advantage of the built-in MPEG-2 functionality of Lion. For MPEG-2 files you still need to install the QuickTime MPEG-2 Playback Component, which is not preinstalled in Lion. You don't have to install QuickTime 7.

What is the best virus protection for a Mac?

What is the best virus protection for a Mac?

1. This comment applies to malicious software ("malware") that's installed unwittingly by the victim of a network attack. It does not apply to software, such as keystroke loggers, that may be installed deliberately by an intruder who has hands-on access to the victim's computer. That threat is in a different category, and there's no easy way to defend against it. If you have reason to suspect that you're the target of such an attack, you need expert help.
OS X now implements three layers of built-in protection specifically against malware, not counting runtime protections such as execute disable, sandboxing, system library randomization, and address space layout randomization that may also guard against other kinds of exploits.
2. All versions of OS X since 10.6.7 have been able to detect known Mac malware in downloaded files, and to block insecure web plugins. This feature is transparent to the user, but internally Apple calls it "XProtect." The malware recognition database is automatically checked for updates once a day; however, you shouldn't rely on it, because the attackers are always at least a day ahead of the defenders.
The following caveats apply to XProtect:
It can be bypassed by some third-party networking software, such as BitTorrent clients and Java applets.
It only applies to software downloaded from the network. Software installed from a CD or other media is not checked.
3. Starting with OS X 10.7.5, there has been a second layer of built-in malware protection, designated "Gatekeeper" by Apple. By default, applications and Installer packages downloaded from the network will only run if they're digitally signed by a developer with a certificate issued by Apple. Software certified in this way hasn't actually been tested by Apple (unless it comes from the Mac App Store), but you can be reasonably sure that it hasn't been modified by anyone other than the developer. His identity is known to Apple, so he could be held legally responsible if he distributed malware. For most practical purposes, applications recognized by Gatekeeper as signed can be considered safe.
Gatekeeper doesn't depend on a database of known malware. It has, however, the same limitations as XProtect, and in addition the following:
It can easily be disabled or overridden by the user.
A malware attacker could get control of a code-signing certificate under false pretenses, or could find some other way to evade Apple's controls.
4. Starting with OS X 10.8.3, a third layer of protection has been added: a "Malware Removal Tool" (MRT). MRT runs automatically in the background when you update the OS. It checks for, and removes, malware that may have evaded the other protections via a Java exploit (see below.) MRT also runs when you install or update the Apple-supplied Java runtime (but not the Oracle runtime.) Like XProtect, MRT is presumably effective against known attacks, but maybe not against unknown attacks. It notifies you if it finds malware, but otherwise there's no user interface to MRT.
5. Beyond XProtect, Gatekeeper, and MRT, there’s no evidence of any benefit from other automated protection against malware. The first and best line of defense is always your own intelligence. With the possible exception of Java exploits, all known malware circulating on the Internet that affects a fully-updated installation of OS X 10.6 or later takes the form of so-called "trojan horses," which can only have an effect if the victim is duped into running them. The threat therefore amounts to a battle of wits between you and the malware attacker. If you're smarter than he thinks you are, you'll win.
That means, in practice, that you never use software that comes from an untrustworthy source. How do you know whether a source is trustworthy?
Any website that prompts you to install a “codec,” “plug-in,” "player," "extractor," or “certificate” that comes from that same site, or an unknown one, is untrustworthy.
A web operator who tells you that you have a “virus,” or that anything else is wrong with your computer, or that you have won a prize in a contest you never entered, is trying to commit a crime with you as the victim. (Some reputable websites did legitimately warn visitors who were infected with the "DNSChanger" malware. That exception to this rule no longer applies.)
Pirated copies or "cracks" of commercial software, no matter where they come from, are unsafe.
Software of any kind downloaded from a BitTorrent or from a Usenet binary newsgroup is unsafe.
Software with a corporate brand, such as Adobe Flash Player, must be downloaded directly from the developer’s website. If it comes from any other source, it's unsafe.
6. Java on the Web (not to be confused with JavaScript, to which it's not related, despite the similarity of the names) is a weak point in the security of any system. Java is, among other things, a platform for running complex applications in a web page, on the client. That was always a bad idea, and Java's developers have proven themselves incapable of implementing it without also creating a portal for malware to enter. Past Java exploits are the closest thing there has ever been to a Windows-style "virus" affecting OS X. Merely loading a page with malicious Java content could be harmful. Fortunately, Java on the Web is mostly extinct. Only a few outmoded sites still use it. Try to hasten the process of extinction by avoiding those sites, if you have a choice. Forget about playing games or other non-essential uses of Java.
Java is not included in OS X 10.7 and later. Discrete Java installers are distributed by Apple and by Oracle (the developer of Java.) Don't use either one unless you need it. Most people don't. If Java is installed, disable it — not JavaScript — in your browsers. In Safari, this is done by unchecking the box marked Enable Java in the Security tab of the preferences dialog.
Regardless of version, experience has shown that Java on the Web can't be trusted. If you must use a Java applet for a specific task, enable Java only when needed for the task and disable it immediately when done. Close all other browser windows and tabs, and don't visit any other sites while Java is active. Never enable Java on a public web page that carries third-party advertising. Use it, when necessary, only on well-known, login-protected, secure websites without ads. In Safari 6 or later, you'll see a lock icon in the address bar with the abbreviation "https" when visiting a secure site.
Follow the above guidelines, and you’ll be as safe from malware as you can practically be. The rest of this comment concerns what you should not do to protect yourself from malware.
7. Never install any commercial "anti-virus" or "Internet security" products for the Mac, as they all do more harm than good, if they do any good at all. If you need to be able to detect Windows malware in your files, use the free software ClamXav — nothing else.
Why shouldn't you use commercial "anti-virus" products?
Their design is predicated on the nonexistent threat that malware may be injected at any time, anywhere in the file system. Malware is downloaded from the network; it doesn't materialize from nowhere.
In order to meet that nonexistent threat, the software modifies or duplicates low-level functions of the operating system, which is a waste of resources and a common cause of instability, bugs, and poor performance.
By modifying the operating system, the software itself may create weaknesses that could be exploited by malware attackers.
8. ClamXav doesn't have these drawbacks. That doesn't mean it's entirely safe. It may report email messages that have "phishing" links in the body, or Windows malware in attachments, as infected files, and offer to delete or move them. Doing so will corrupt the Mail database. The messages should be deleted from within the Mail application.
ClamXav is not needed, and should not be relied upon, for protection against OS X malware. It's useful only for detecting Windows malware. Windows malware can't harm you directly (unless, of course, you use Windows.) Just don't pass it on to anyone else.
A Windows malware attachment in email is usually easy to recognize. The file name will often be targeted at people who aren't very bright; for example:
♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥!!!!!!!H0TBABEZ4U!!!!!!!.AVI♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥.exe
ClamXav may be able to tell you which particular virus or trojan it is, but do you care? In practice, there's seldom a reason to use ClamXav unless a network administrator requires you to run an anti-virus application.
9. The greatest harm done by security software, in my opinion, is in its effect on human behavior. It does little or nothing to protect people from emerging threats, but they get a false sense of security from it, and then they may behave in ways that expose them to higher risk. Nothing can lessen the need for safe computing practices.
10. It seems to be a common belief that the built-in Application Firewall acts as a barrier to infection, or prevents malware from functioning. It does neither. It blocks inbound connections to certain network services you're running, such as file sharing. It's disabled by default and you should leave it that way if you're behind a router on a private home or office network. Activate it only when you're on an untrusted network, for instance a public Wi-Fi hotspot, where you don't want to provide services. Disable any services you don't use in the Sharing preference pane. All are disabled by default.

What are the best AirPlay speakers for Apple devices?

What are the best AirPlay speakers for Apple devices? I would like to get some good speakers to be used with my iPod, iPhone and iPad. Ideally, they should be able to play using AirPlay and be quite powerful, but with a good design if possible.
I am particularly interested in the Fidelio range of speakers by Philips.
Thank you for your help in advance.

Best is going to be a matter of opinion. What environment are the speakers going to be used in? How large is the room? What type of music are you going to play? What features/functions would you like in the speakers? What price range are you looking for? All of these are going to effect which speakers will best fit your needs.

What's the best protective shield for my 3GS?

Hi Everyone,
Sorry to bother, but I just got a new iPhone 3GS and I'm wondering what's the best protector to put on the phone. I understand the 3GS has a new type of "coating" on the screen so I don't want to do any damage to it. I also heard the 3GS has these proximity sensors so I don't want to get a case that will interfere with that. Anyhow, I wanted to get an Invisible Shield, a full body one, but wanted to make sure I don't do damage to the phone. I've read the forums and it seems there is no definitive answer on whether or not the Invisible Shield is the best one. Any iPhone experts know what's the best protective shield for the 3GS? And will the Invisible Shield do any damage to the screen or coating on the new 3GS? I talked to a person at Apple and they didn't think it would do any damage, but to be honest, she didn't sound as knowledgeable as I would like. I'm sorry for being paranoid. Can you guys chime in?
Thanks!

The reason for no definite answer is that it matters what YOU are looking for in a case or protective screen cover...
To answer your shield question...the shield product itself will not damage the phone and that coating is not to prevent scratches...it's to help prevent fingerprints...since you plan to put a screen cover on then that coating doesn't really matter...HOWEVER, the way that the shield can harm the phone is IF it's not properly installed by YOU...since the design of that product calls for a liquid solution agent to be used to adhere the cover to the case of the phone, others have gone overboard with that liquid and then ended up with water damaged phones due to the faulty install...If you install properly then it's not an issue
Personally I used a full shield cover on a previous phone and hated it...so again it's all up to your taste...
What I currently have now is the simple Apple sold Anti-Glare screen cover you can buy two to a pack for 15.00 at Apple store...I have used since first Gen iPhone and loved it...
I have a Case-Mate leather hard plastic case but am not thrilled with it since the edges are raised around the edges of the screen and sometimes prevent me from hitting a button right up against the screen edge...so I don't use it much...
Other covers made by Case-Mate like the Barely There cover don't have that problem...so you really need to shop around and see what case you like and what you dislike...
Cases specifically sold to be compatible with 3GS will not interfere with either the proximity or any other sensor on the phone face...

What is the best bluetooth headset for iPhone 5?

What is the best Bluetooth headset for iPhone 5 for talking no music?

I've tried all the majors: Bose (1 model twice), Motorola (2 models), Jawbone (5 models) in almost every model.
Bose is good but such an odd nub just sitting there on your ear - bad athestics. Device is fine but not right for me.
Motorola seem to have troublie with iPhone specifically.   They don't stay paired and noise-cancelling has been bad. I tried 3 pairs of the Elite Silver with no luck. Great concept to have a case that charges the device but bad device. Same issue with the Oasis.
Jawbones are good and I've had 5 of them.   They seem to degrade in voice cancelling quality over time based on feedback of people I talk to but they are solid.   I'm sure I just beat them up but they do seem to go bad.
My best experience have been BLUEANT, both the Q2 (bought 2) and teh Q3 (own 1).   Q2 are solid but they have this issue with a metal screen that inevitable breaks off, not affecting call quality but a pain.   Q3 have fixed that but they are just a bit bulkier.   Good features (voice answer & address book) and solid. These are just awesome and good instant on that simply isn't true of all of the devices. Only downside has been no battery meter on the Q2 for the iphone but a solid workhorse.
I just got a new Motorola Whisper and so far I'm impressed.   First motorola that has solid noise reduction and doesn't seem to have the random unpairing issue with the iphone.   It's early yet but great design and comes with a case.
I hope this helps.

What is the Best Ad Network for a Flex Website?

I'd like to put ads on my website? What is the best ad network for Flex? How did you install it?
Has anyone used OpenX with Flex?
Thank you.
-Laxmidi

Thanks for the answer. Yeah I bet you figured out what I want the answer to be, but is it ? That's why I am asking here. I can see my website on my HTC Desire HD and it's working pretty well. If I reskin the parts that need a bigger hit area or the scrollers to work with touch so I don't have to scroll the actual scrollbars with my finger, remove some complex animations - everything will work just fine... The problem is that I am not sure if that is the right way to do it or if it is possible at all.
I do get your point about not designed for mobile stuff, but while with html 5 you get the job done for web and mobile with little differences at the same time, in flash you need double time cause you'll have to build 2 projects. And since the framework is one for both web and mobile.. why not...
I want to see the pros and cons of the both approaches I suggested. In a complex modular architecture I could easily swap one web module with a mobile module for example or change skins or components if I need more lightweight ones, but do I have to copy all that logic in to a MobileApplication, can't I do it with Application and use the MobileComponents (which are simplier and less functional) if the project actually needs them...
I do hope you get why I am asking these questions, and I can't believe I haven't found a guide or something like that "why this and not that" when it comes to mixing web with mobile development and flex... If you have, please share the link, I would be happy to read. Or someone with the experience in what I am talking about shares some knowledge, that would be great!
Thanks.

What is the best security package for an imac using yosimity

What is the best security package for an imac using Yosimity

Mac users often ask whether they should install "anti-virus" software. The answer usually given on ASC is "no." The answer is right, but it may give the wrong impression that there is no threat from what are loosely called "viruses." There is a threat, and you need to educate yourself about it.
1. This is a comment on what you should—and should not—do to protect yourself from malicious software ("malware") that circulates on the Internet and gets onto a computer as an unintended consequence of the user's actions. It does not apply to software, such as keystroke loggers, that may be installed deliberately by an intruder who has hands-on access to the computer, or who has been able to take control of it remotely. That threat is in a different category, and there's no easy way to defend against it.
The comment is long because the issue is complex. The key points are in sections 5, 6, and 10.
OS X now implements three layers of built-in protection specifically against malware, not counting runtime protections such as execute disable, sandboxing, system library randomization, and address space layout randomization that may also guard against other kinds of exploits.
2. All versions of OS X since 10.6.7 have been able to detect known Mac malware in downloaded files, and to block insecure web plugins. This feature is transparent to the user. Internally Apple calls it "XProtect."
The malware recognition database used by XProtect is automatically updated; however, you shouldn't rely on it, because the attackers are always at least a day ahead of the defenders.
The following caveats apply to XProtect:
☞ It can be bypassed by some third-party networking software, such as BitTorrent clients and Java applets.
☞ It only applies to software downloaded from the network. Software installed from a CD or other media is not checked.
As new versions of OS X are released, it's not clear whether Apple will indefinitely continue to maintain the XProtect database of older versions such as 10.6. The security of obsolete system versions may eventually be degraded. Security updates to the code of obsolete systems will stop being released at some point, and that may leave them open to other kinds of attack besides malware.
3. Starting with OS X 10.7.5, there has been a second layer of built-in malware protection, designated "Gatekeeper" by Apple. By default, applications and Installer packages downloaded from the network will only run if they're digitally signed by a developer with a certificate issued by Apple. Software certified in this way hasn't necessarily been tested by Apple, but you can be reasonably sure that it hasn't been modified by anyone other than the developer. His identity is known to Apple, so he could be held legally responsible if he distributed malware. That may not mean much if the developer lives in a country with a weak legal system (see below.)
Gatekeeper doesn't depend on a database of known malware. It has, however, the same limitations as XProtect, and in addition the following:
☞ It can easily be disabled or overridden by the user.
☞ A malware attacker could get control of a code-signing certificate under false pretenses, or could simply ignore the consequences of distributing codesigned malware.
☞ An App Store developer could find a way to bypass Apple's oversight, or the oversight could fail due to human error.
Apple has taken far too long to revoke the codesigning certificates of some known abusers, thereby diluting the value of Gatekeeper and the Developer ID program. Those lapses don't involve App Store products, however.
For the reasons given, App Store products, and—to a lesser extent—other applications recognized by Gatekeeper as signed, are safer than others, but they can't be considered absolutely safe. "Sandboxed" applications may prompt for access to private data, such as your contacts, or for access to the network. Think before granting that access. Sandbox security is based on user input. Never click through any request for authorization without thinking.
4. Starting with OS X 10.8.3, a third layer of protection has been added: a "Malware Removal Tool" (MRT). MRT runs automatically in the background when you update the OS. It checks for, and removes, malware that may have evaded the other protections via a Java exploit (see below.) MRT also runs when you install or update the Apple-supplied Java runtime (but not the Oracle runtime.) Like XProtect, MRT is effective against known threats, but not against unknown ones. It notifies you if it finds malware, but otherwise there's no user interface to MRT.
5. The built-in security features of OS X reduce the risk of malware attack, but they are not, and never will be, complete protection. Malware is a problem of human behavior, not machine behavior, and no technological fix alone is going to solve it. Trusting software to protect you will only make you more vulnerable.
The best defense is always going to be your own intelligence. With the possible exception of Java exploits, all known malware circulating on the Internet that affects a fully-updated installation of OS X 10.6 or later takes the form of so-called "Trojan horses," which can only have an effect if the victim is duped into running them. The threat therefore amounts to a battle of wits between you and Internet criminals. If you're better informed than they think you are, you'll win. That means, in practice, that you always stay within a safe harbor of computing practices. How do you know when you're leaving the safe harbor? Below are some warning signs of danger.
Software from an untrustworthy source
☞ Software with a corporate brand, such as Adobe Flash Player, doesn't come directly from the developer’s website. Do not trust an alert from any website to update Flash, or your browser, or any other software. A genuine alert that Flash is outdated and blocked is shown on this support page. Follow the instructions on the support page in that case. Otherwise, assume that the alert is fake and someone is trying to scam you into installing malware. If you see such alerts on more than one website, ask for instructions.
☞ Software of any kind is distributed via BitTorrent, or Usenet, or on a website that also distributes pirated music or movies.
☞ Rogue websites such as Softonic, Soft32, and CNET Download distribute free applications that have been packaged in a superfluous "installer."
☞ The software is advertised by means of spam or intrusive web ads. Any ad, on any site, that includes a direct link to a download should be ignored.
Software that is plainly illegal or does something illegal
☞ High-priced commercial software such as Photoshop is "cracked" or "free."
☞ An application helps you to infringe copyright, for instance by circumventing the copy protection on commercial software, or saving streamed media for reuse without permission. All "YouTube downloaders" are in this category, though not all are necessarily malicious.
Conditional or unsolicited offers from strangers
☞ A telephone caller or a web page tells you that you have a “virus” and offers to help you remove it. (Some reputable websites did legitimately warn visitors who were infected with the "DNSChanger" malware. That exception to this rule no longer applies.)
☞ A web site offers free content such as video or music, but to use it you must install a “codec,” “plug-in,” "player," "downloader," "extractor," or “certificate” that comes from that same site, or an unknown one.
☞ You win a prize in a contest you never entered.
☞ Someone on a message board such as this one is eager to help you, but only if you download an application of his choosing.
☞ A "FREE WI-FI !!!" network advertises itself in a public place such as an airport, but is not provided by the management.
☞ Anything online that you would expect to pay for is "free."
Unexpected events
☞ A file is downloaded automatically when you visit a web page, with no other action on your part. Delete any such file without opening it.
☞ You open what you think is a document and get an alert that it's "an application downloaded from the Internet." Click Cancel and delete the file. Even if you don't get the alert, you should still delete any file that isn't what you expected it to be.
☞ An application does something you don't expect, such as asking for permission to access your contacts, your location, or the Internet for no obvious reason.
☞ Software is attached to email that you didn't request, even if it comes (or seems to come) from someone you trust.
I don't say that leaving the safe harbor just once will necessarily result in disaster, but making a habit of it will weaken your defenses against malware attack. Any of the above scenarios should, at the very least, make you uncomfortable.
6. Java on the Web (not to be confused with JavaScript, to which it's not related, despite the similarity of the names) is a weak point in the security of any system. Java is, among other things, a platform for running complex applications in a web page, on the client. That was always a bad idea, and Java's developers have proven themselves incapable of implementing it without also creating a portal for malware to enter. Past Java exploits are the closest thing there has ever been to a Windows-style virus affecting OS X. Merely loading a page with malicious Java content could be harmful.
Fortunately, client-side Java on the Web is obsolete and mostly extinct. Only a few outmoded sites still use it. Try to hasten the process of extinction by avoiding those sites, if you have a choice. Forget about playing games or other non-essential uses of Java.
Java is not included in OS X 10.7 and later. Discrete Java installers are distributed by Apple and by Oracle (the developer of Java.) Don't use either one unless you need it. Most people don't. If Java is installed, disable it—not JavaScript—in your browsers.
Regardless of version, experience has shown that Java on the Web can't be trusted. If you must use a Java applet for a task on a specific site, enable Java only for that site in Safari. Never enable Java for a public website that carries third-party advertising. Use it only on well-known, login-protected, secure websites without ads. In Safari 6 or later, you'll see a padlock icon in the address bar when visiting a secure site.
Stay within the safe harbor, and you’ll be as safe from malware as you can practically be. The rest of this comment concerns what you should not do to protect yourself.
7. Never install any commercial "anti-virus" (AV) or "Internet security" products for the Mac, as they are all worse than useless. If you need to be able to detect Windows malware in your files, use one of the free security apps in the Mac App Store—nothing else.
Why shouldn't you use commercial AV products?
☞ To recognize malware, the software depends on a database of known threats, which is always at least a day out of date. This technique is a proven failure, as a major AV software vendor has admitted. Most attacks are "zero-day"—that is, previously unknown. Recognition-based AV does not defend against such attacks, and the enterprise IT industry is coming to the realization that traditional AV software is worthless.
☞ Its design is predicated on the nonexistent threat that malware may be injected at any time, anywhere in the file system. Malware is downloaded from the network; it doesn't materialize from nowhere. In order to meet that nonexistent threat, commercial AV software modifies or duplicates low-level functions of the operating system, which is a waste of resources and a common cause of instability, bugs, and poor performance.
☞ By modifying the operating system, the software may also create weaknesses that could be exploited by malware attackers.
☞ Most importantly, a false sense of security is dangerous.
8. An AV product from the App Store, such as "ClamXav," has the same drawback as the commercial suites of being always out of date, but it does not inject low-level code into the operating system. That doesn't mean it's entirely harmless. It may report email messages that have "phishing" links in the body, or Windows malware in attachments, as infected files, and offer to delete or move them. Doing so will corrupt the Mail database. The messages should be deleted from within the Mail application.
An AV app is not needed, and cannot be relied upon, for protection against OS X malware. It's useful, if at all, only for detecting Windows malware, and even for that use it's not really effective, because new Windows malware is emerging much faster than OS X malware.
Windows malware can't harm you directly (unless, of course, you use Windows.) Just don't pass it on to anyone else. A malicious attachment in email is usually easy to recognize by the name alone. An actual example:
London Terror Moovie.avi [124 spaces] Checked By Norton Antivirus.exe
You don't need software to tell you that's a Windows trojan. Software may be able to tell you which trojan it is, but who cares? In practice, there's no reason to use recognition software unless an organizational policy requires it. Windows malware is so widespread that you should assume it's in every email attachment until proven otherwise. Nevertheless, ClamXav or a similar product from the App Store may serve a purpose if it satisfies an ill-informed network administrator who says you must run some kind of AV application. It's free and it won't handicap the system.
The ClamXav developer won't try to "upsell" you to a paid version of the product. Other developers may do that. Don't be upsold. For one thing, you should not pay to protect Windows users from the consequences of their choice of computing platform. For another, a paid upgrade from a free app will probably have all the disadvantages mentioned in section 7.
9. It seems to be a common belief that the built-in Application Firewall acts as a barrier to infection, or prevents malware from functioning. It does neither. It blocks inbound connections to certain network services you're running, such as file sharing. It's disabled by default and you should leave it that way if you're behind a router on a private home or office network. Activate it only when you're on an untrusted network, for instance a public Wi-Fi hotspot, where you don't want to provide services. Disable any services you don't use in the Sharing preference pane. All are disabled by default.
10. As a Mac user, you don't have to live in fear that your computer may be infected every time you install software, read email, or visit a web page. But neither can you assume that you will always be safe from exploitation, no matter what you do. Navigating the Internet is like walking the streets of a big city. It can be as safe or as dangerous as you choose to make it. The greatest harm done by security software is precisely its selling point: it makes people feel safe. They may then feel safe enough to take risks from which the software doesn't protect them. Nothing can lessen the need for safe computing practices.

What is the best video card for 3D?

I'm getting a 2008 Mac Pro, will equip it with 10GB of RAM. What is the best video card for 3D rendering? I've read that the stock ATI 2600 card is woefully inadequate. I've also read that the NVIDIA 8800 card is better for gaming, and has caused some problems anyway. I can't spring for the top-end Quadra card that Apple offers. Are there good, cost-effective options for 3D work? Can I even get a video card on the open market that is not flashed by Apple?

Basically there are only three options available:
1. ATI 2600
2. ATI 1900
3. NVidia 8800
The latter is the best of the three. See benchmark results at Bare Feats.
You cannot use a video card not provided by Apple because they will not work with OS X or the hardware.

What is the best design pattern for top-down ws development..?

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