What is the difference between nvl(sum (field), 0) & sum(nvl (field,0)) ?

What is the difference between nvl(sum (field), 0) & sum(nvl (field,0)) ?
For the below table data i don't see any different in results
CREATE TABLE FRUITS
TYPE VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
VARIETY VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
PRICE NUMBER(18,2)
TYPE     VARIETY          PRICE
apple     gala          2.79
apple     fuji          0.24
apple     limbertwig     2.87
orange     valencia     3.59
orange     navel          9.36
pear     bradford     7.77
pear     bartlett     7.77
cherry     bing          2.55
cherry     chelan          6.33
pear     bradford
     navel          6.39
select variety, nvl(sum(price),0)
from fruits
group by variety;
VARIETY     NVL(SUM(PRICE),0)
limbertwig     2.87
bartlett     7.77
bing     2.55
marathon     0
gala     2.79
fuji     0.24
navel     15.75
bradford     7.77
chelan     6.33
valencia     3.59
select variety, sum(nvl(price,0))
from fruits
group by variety;
VARIETY     SUM(NVL(PRICE,0))
limbertwig     2.87
bartlett     7.77
bing     2.55
marathon     0
gala     2.79
fuji     0.24
navel     15.75
bradford     7.77
chelan     6.33
valencia     3.59
no difference in output.
what is the difference?
Thanks in advance

Do you see the difference now?
PRAZY@11gR1> create table testing(field number);
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.10
PRAZY@11gR1> insert into testing select null from dual connect by level<=5;
5 rows created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
PRAZY@11gR1> select * from testing;
     FIELD
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
PRAZY@11gR1> select sum(nvl(field,1)) from testing;
SUM(NVL(FIELD,1))
                5
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
PRAZY@11gR1> select nvl(sum(field),1) from testing;
NVL(SUM(FIELD),1)
                1
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00In the former, we are substituting 1 to null value and summing-up. hence we got 5. in the later, we are summing-up the null, which is null and substituting 1 if the result is null. so we got 1.
Regards,
Prazy

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HR:
HR deals with the INFOTYPES which are similar to Tables in General ABAP.
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There are different areas in HR LIKE Personal Admn, Orgn Management, Benefits, Time amangement, Event Management, Payroll etc
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LDBS like PNP are used in HR programing.
Instead of Select.. we use some ROUTINES and PROVIDE..ENDPROVIDE.. etc
and in the case of Pay roll we use Clusters and we Import and Export them for data fetching.
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http://www.sapgenie.com/faq/hr.htm
http://www.planetsap.com/hr_abap_main_page.htm
http://www.atomhr.com/library_full.htm
HR Long texts Upload
Look at the below link
And finally,
Few notes are below:
InfoSets in the HR Application
You can use SAP Query in HR to report on HR data. Queries are maintained as described in Creating Queries. The special features of queries created for HR are described in Maintaining Queries in the Human Resources Application. The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the described procedure inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes.
InfoSet management in SAP Query is also used for InfoSet Query. For further information, see Functions for Managing InfoSets.
If you want to create InfoSets for HR, you can use logical databases PNP, PNPCE, PAP, and PCH (see HR Logical Databases). The database you must use to create your InfoSet depends on the component in which the data you want to report on is stored.
The reports you can execute using InfoSets based on logical databases PNP (or PNPCE) or PCH are similar, but differ in that they can select different objects. The following table describes the connection between the logical database, and the infotypes you can include in an InfoSet. It also provides you with one or two examples of reports that you can execute using the appropriate InfoSets.
Logical database PNP/PNPCE* PCH PAP
Selection of Persons Objects from Personnel Planning Applicants
Infotypes that can be included in the InfoSet Infotypes for· Personnel Administration (0000-0999) · Time Management (2000-2999) · Payroll infotypes · Infotypes for Personnel Planning objects that can be related to persons If the object type is specified:· Infotypes for the object type · Infotypes for objects that can be related to the specified object typeIf the object type is not specified:· All infotypes · Infotypes for Recruitment (4000-4999)· Some infotypes for Personnel Administration (such as 0001 and 0002)
· Customer infotypes
Reporting examples · Selection of all persons who participated in a specific business event, output of prices for reserved business events · Selection of all persons assigned to a specific personnel area, output of qualifications held by these persons · Selection of all business events held in London in March, output of all persons who participated in these business events · Selection of all positions assigned to a specific organizational unit, output of all persons assigned to the positions · Selection of all applicants hired last year to work on special projects, output of addresses for the applicants selected
Logical database PNPCE (PNP Concurrent Employment) functions just like logical database PNP. The procedure for creating InfoSets is also the same. It only becomes significant if you work with Concurrent Employment.
Creating InfoSets
The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the procedure described so far in this section inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes. To set up an InfoSet for the HR application, proceed as follows:
1. On the initial screen for maintaining InfoSets, enter a name for the InfoSet and choose Create.
2. On the next screen, enter a name for the InfoSet and select one of the HR logical databases in accordance with your reporting requirements.
Customer infotypes can be created on all HR logical databases. In each individual case, therefore, you must decide which database to select so that you can report on customer infotypes.
This screen enables you to enter an authorization group. All of the queries that are subsequently created using this InfoSet can only be executed by persons who have this authorization group.
3. Choose .
This takes you to the Infotype Selection for InfoSet screen. You now have the option of creating field groups and assigning fields as required for non-HR InfoSets. Field groups that correspond to infotypes and already contain fields, however, are always created for HR InfoSets. The field groups are displayed in an overview tree in the top right section of the screen.
The infotypes that you included in the InfoSet are displayed in an overview tree on the left of the screen. The infotype fields that are already included in field groups are displayed in a different color, and the corresponding field group ID is displayed.
In the standard system, a field group is created automatically for each infotype that you included in the InfoSet (a field group corresponds to an infotype).
In the standard system, each field group contains the infotype-specific fields. To ensure that working with the InfoSet is as easy as possible, you are advised to restrict your use of fields in each field group to those you really require. This means you should remove fields that are not required.
An infotype's fields must only be assigned to the pertinent field group. Make sure this assignment is correct. If the assignment is incorrect, the InfoSet could be rendered unusable.
When an InfoSet is created, the following fields are transferred automatically to the first field group:
§ Logical database PNPCE or PNP Personnel number
§ Logical database PAP Applicant number
§ Logical database PCH Object ID, plan version, and object type
6. Determine the fields that must be included in the field groups of your InfoSet. If you require further information, see Assigning Fields to a Field Group.
If you want, you can change the default sequence of field groups and fields as required using Drag&Drop.
7. To save the InfoSet, choose .
8. To generate the InfoSet, choose .
On the Change InfoSet (InfoSet name) screen, you can choose Edit ® Change infotype selection to add more infotypes to the InfoSet, or to remove infotypes from the InfoSet. Remember to regenerate the InfoSet afterwards.
This screen also enables you to update InfoSets if, for example, the system contains new additional fields for specific key values. To do so, choose InfoSet ® Additional functions ® Update additional HR fields.
9. Go back to the initial screen for InfoSet maintenance.
10. Choose User group assignment.
11. Select a user group, and save your entry.
sample code
START-OF-SELECTION.
GET pernr.
rp_provide_from_frst p0000 space pn-begda pn-endda.
if pnp-sw-found EQ '1'.
READ TABLE p0001 WITH KEY pernr = p0000-pernr.
if sy-subrc = 0.
write : p0001-plans. " earliest.
endif.
endif.
rp_provide_from_last p0014 space pn-begda pn-endda.
if pnp-sw-found EQ '1'.
READ TABLE p0014 WITH KEY pernr = p0000-pernr.
if sy-subrc = 0.
write : p0014-LGART. .
endif.
endif.

What is the difference between nvl(sum (field), 0) & sum(nvl (field,0)) ?

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