Working of pga

hi
please tell me the internally working of pga ..im confused how it is work...
working of PMON..
which type of lock release by pmon and how the lock held...

Forget internals, there is no need to go for it.
Ok let me try this. When you write some thing in your copy, do you allow or will you allow some one else write in that copy? I guess not, reasons may be, the other person may write something same which you have written creating duplicasy, the other person may write some thing which you wont want to write andlastly and more unlikely in the copy example of mine, he may want to write on the sme localtion where you have written.So will you let that happen? No right?
Now if we talk about database, when you issue an order by clause to see EMPs table data in the sorted mannter, does eveyrbody see it in the same manner?No right.Only you see it. So it means that there is some thing which is specific to the session of yours. I like to call it my private copy, my space which is given to my process by the help of PGA, Process Global Area. Its basically some thing which is meant for your session only, for example hot cursors opened by your session.
PGA is prepared with the help of the areasize paramters prior to 9i and from 9i onwards, PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET, a more automatic way of managing its memory.
Hope that clears some fog. Read concepts guide which explains in more detail about it. Here is the link for the same,
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/memory.htm#sthref1416
HTH
Aman....
PS: Ask one question in one thread,it would make people concentrate on your thread and their replies in a better way.
Edited by: Aman.... on Nov 1, 2008 11:33 AM

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Will this tiger woods pga '12 work on lion ??

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Runtime area and work area in PGA

In 10g concept (http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/memory.htm#sthref1418) it is written that
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From the above statement we can conclude that runtime area contains work areas.
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My question is do runtime area include work areas?I guess not. The work areas are the areas which contain the information about the workarea profiles of the operators like group by , sort and so on. These areas are created as and when required. Whereas, the runtime area is a part of the UGA which is going to keep the information about the query's execution status as well as, about the bind variables and so on. So IMO, the answer would be no but given that PGA is a very complex thing, I think you should wait for others also to get included in the thread.
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Not able to get Shared Server Mode to work in XE

The server is an HP Dual CPU Xeon, 4 GB RAM. 120GB HD.
Oracle XE reports the following:
SGA 768 Target, 768MB Current.
PGA 256MB Target, 55MB current (when there are a small number of client connections)
The application and database work properly with a small number of connections, but
memory usage goes way up on PGA when I start to add more connections.
I have tried to set up the Oracle server in "Shared Server Mode" , but it appears
that I was unsuccessful.
From what I can tell, the oracle listener does not seem to be fowarding the incoming requests to the shared server dispatchers, but
instead it is deciding to kick off a dedicated server process to handle each client request.
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I am stumped as to what needs to be done next. From what
I can tell from reading documentation this should be working.
Please advice as to what else I can do to get things working.
Here is additional information:
The parameter SHARED_SERVERS is equal to 4.
parameter dispatchers=(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=XEXDB)
max_shared_servers, max_dispatchers, shared_server_sessions have no values.
processes=150
sessions=170
Output of lnsrctl utility:
LSNRCTL> services
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0
LOCAL SERVER
Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1002 state:ready
DISPATCHER <machine: CO_DB, pid: 5844>
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=myhostname)(PORT=1771)
Service "XE_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
Service "xe" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Handler(s):
"DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready
LOCAL SERVER
The command completed successfully
ILSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Produ
ction
Start Date 18-SEP-2007 16:06:55
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 33 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Default Service XE
Listener Parameter File E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\10.2.0\server\network\a
dmin\listener.ora
Listener Log File E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\10.2.0\server\network\l
og\listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC_FOR_XEipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=myhostname)(PORT
=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=8080))(Presentation=
HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "XE_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "xe" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "xe", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
The contents of the spfile2init.ora file:
xe.__db_cache_size=104857600
xe.__java_pool_size=4194304
xe.__large_pool_size=469762048
xe.__shared_pool_size=222298112
xe.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\adump'
*.background_dump_dest='E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='E:\oraclexe\oradata\XE\control.dbf'
*.core_dump_dest='E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\cdump'
*.db_name='XE'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='f:\oracle_flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=42949672960
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=XEXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=4
*.open_cursors=300
*.os_authent_prefix=''
*.pga_aggregate_target=268435456
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=20
*.sga_target=805306368
*.shared_servers=4
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDO'
*.user_dump_dest='E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\udump'
The contents of listener.ora:
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\10.2.0\server)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = E:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\10.2.0\server)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_XE))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = myhostname)(PORT = 1521))
DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = (XE)
The contents of tnsnames.ora
XE =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = myhostname)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = XE)
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_XE))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_XE))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = CLRExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
The contents of sqlnet.ora:
# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS)

I don't think it is supported because of XE multiple cpu usage limitations but "shared server" is not documented in the XE documentation - http://www.oracle.com/pls/xe102/ranked?word=%22shared+server%22
so you may want to follow this guide for setup and try -
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14231/manproc.htm#ADMIN00502
Best Regards,
H.Tonguç YILMAZ
My Oracle blog
http://tonguc.wordpress.com
"Never believe all you read or hear! Just because it is printed or someone is more experienced doesn't mean it is TRUE.."

SOA-- Invoking OSB Service Getting Error :ORA-00084: global area must be PGA, SGA, or UGA

Hello Friends,
Really appreciate your help/inputs on the below Error Message encountered while running a Concurrent Program--using SOA:Same encountered in recently refreshed DEV instance, Can it be related to some Developement Instance Configuration related to SOA, as same working as expected in PROD.PLEASE ASSIST
Need your inputs on the Error Message we are getting which Invoking OSB Service.
"Error inside invoke_osb_service -> Error Code : -84Error Message :ORA-00084: global area must be PGA, SGA, or UGA "
Can you please review and confirm if the same encountered before or assist on the same:
XXFIN_AP_INVOICES_INT_IB_PKG.invoke_osb_service
-- Define the SOAP request according the the definition of the web service being called
l_soap_request :=
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         ||     '<soapenv:Body>'
         ||       '<prox:InboundProcess>'
         ||     '<Source_system>'||g_source_instance||'</Source_system>'
         ||     '<Run_mode>'||g_run_mode||'</Run_mode>'
         ||     '<Batch_key>'||g_batch_key||'</Batch_key>'
         ||     '<Request_id>'||g_request_id||'</Request_id>'
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         ||     '<Invoice_Line_File_name>'||NULL||'</Invoice_Line_File_name>'
         ||     '<File_location>'||g_file_location||'</File_location>'
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         ||     '</soapenv:Body>'
         ||   '</soapenv:Envelope>';
Oracle Apps Log File
-->Entering XXFIN_AP_INVOICES_INT_IB_PKG.invoke_osb_service
-->   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
-->Response> status_code: "200"
-->Response> reason_phrase: "OK"
-->Response> http_version: "HTTP/1.1"
-->Response From OSB: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soapenv:Header xmlns:prox="http://OmnicareFinance/ProxyInput/"/><soapenv:Body xmlns:prox="http://OmnicareFinance/ProxyInput/"><prox:InboundProcessResponse><status>E</status></prox:InboundProcessResponse></soapenv:Body></soapenv:Envelope>
-->OSB Response: E
-->Error inside invoke_osb_service -> Error Code : -84Error Message :ORA-00084: global area must be PGA, SGA, or UGA
-->   = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
-->Entering XXFIN_AP_INVOICES_INT_IB_PKG.capture_error_info
THANKS
ANKUR

Hi..
>
# symptom: ORA-00381: cannot use both new and old parameters for buffer cache size specification
# cause: Both db_block_buffers and db_cache_size parameters are defined in the init.ora (instance parameter file). The db_block_buffers parameter has been deprecated and has been maintained only for backward compatibility. The db_cache_size parameter is one of the size parameters which defines the size of the cache for buffers. These parameters cannot be combined. Setting this along with the Dynamic SGA parameters errors out.
>
For sga_target refer to [http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14237/initparams193.htm#REFRN10256]
which quotes
>
SGA_TARGET specifies the total size of all SGA components. If SGA_TARGET is specified, then the following memory pools are automatically sized:
*Buffer cache (DB_CACHE_SIZE)
* Shared pool (SHARED_POOL_SIZE)
* Large pool (LARGE_POOL_SIZE)
* Java pool (JAVA_POOL_SIZE)
* Streams pool (STREAMS_POOL_SIZE)
If these automatically tuned memory pools are set to non-zero values, then those values are used as minimum levels by Automatic Shared Memory Management. You would set minimum values if an application component needs a minimum amount of memory to function properly.
>
So, the what ever the value are set for the parameter will act as minimum value when sga_target is set.
HTH
Anand

SGA/PGA best practice

With an XE limitation of 1GB for the PGA and SGA, how would one best preserve this limitation?
In other words, how would one minimise the PGA and SGA usage via ones interface with Oracle?
For instance, in a SQL query I was building I could either (The query has multiple aggregates on multiple tables in a 'one to many' join relationship):
1) Use WITH clauses
2) Use inline views
3) Use standard views
4) Use temporary tables
5) Maybe more possibilities
Without much of an insite into how Oracle 'works' it's difficult to gauge which of these is less 'resource hungry'.
Possibly there is a reference on how to use the PGA & SGA efficiently?
Or possibly a more definitive explanation on what's actually stored in these memory areas (rather than just 'prorgam' and 'system' data).
Regards all,

SGA is used in 2 main areas: parsing the SQL and avoiding disk reads by having stuff in memory. There is one SGA for all of XE instance.
PGA is used heavily for sorting, hash joining and 'working stuff'. The PGA is created for each Dedicated Server process. Much of the PGA is inside the SGA for Shared Server processes
SGA: (There are exceptions to each of these 'Rules Of Thumb' or 'ROT' statements)
Good coding technique will allow reuse of SQL and avoid as much as possible reparsing;
Use bind variables;
Do not create SQL on the fly;
Avoid dynamic SQL (concat strings to create SQL on the fly);
Forget about tweakiing the buffer cache as it is mainly a performance thing that you can't do much about in XE;
WITH clause is nice as it may reduce the count of subqueries;
Leave it with 'automatic memory management' (again a perf hit, but it will attempt to optimize mem availability);
Don't reinvent - Use the features that are loaded as they will likely get statements out faster, releasing memory faster;
Stored Views may (often do) grab unneeded table data. When joining to stored views, see whether they can be replaced by cleaner code;
Do not create SQL on the fly.
PGA:
Use shared server when feasible (at risk of performance hit);
Global Temp Tables go into PGA, watch the use;
Maximize reuabale SQL, minimze all other languages (remote or in DB) including PL/SQL;
Watch for PGA wasters such as UNION vs the better UNION ALL, and unneeded sorts;
PGA is 'swapped out' to Temporary tablespace. Make sure temp tablespace big enough ... it's not counted in the 4GB disk;
Avoid using COMMIT except at end of transaction. Avoid COMMIT in loops. Make sure undo tablespace is big enough ... it's not counted in the 4GB disk ;
Did I mention it's not a good idea to create SQL on the fly?

How can I fix a problem with PGA Tour shot tracker?

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Huge long time direct path read temp, but pga size is enough, one block p3

Hi Gurus,
Can you please kindly provide some points on my below questions. thanks
my env
select * from v$version;
BANNER
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
OS: Linux 4 2.6.39-100.5.1.el5uek
session operation: update a partition which have 4 partitions and total 16G
session trace info:
the session keep at active status and waiting for below wait event for more than 70 hours, and os iostats and cpu are almost idle on most time.
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 7615 file number=202 first dba=105072 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850223569499
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 5989 file number=202 first dba=85264 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850392833257
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 319 file number=202 first dba=85248 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850399563184
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 358 file number=202 first dba=85232 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850406016899
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 349 file number=202 first dba=85216 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850413023792
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 7975 file number=202 first dba=85200 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850419495645
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 331 file number=202 first dba=85184 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850426233450
WAIT #8: nam='direct path read temp' ela= 2641 file number=202 first dba=82880 block cnt=1 obj#=104719 tim=1344850432699800
pgastat:
NAME VALUE/1024/1024 UNIT
aggregate PGA target parameter 18432 bytes
aggregate PGA auto target 16523.1475 bytes
global memory bound 1024 bytes
total PGA inuse 75.7246094 bytes
total PGA allocated 162.411133 bytes
maximum PGA allocated 514.130859 bytes
total freeable PGA memory 64.625 bytes
PGA memory freed back to OS 40425.1875 bytes
total PGA used for auto workareas 2.75195313 bytes
maximum PGA used for auto workareas 270.407227 bytes
total PGA used for manual workareas 0 bytes
NAME VALUE/1024/1024 UNIT
maximum PGA used for manual workareas 24.5429688 bytes
bytes processed 110558.951 bytes
extra bytes read/written 15021.2559 bytes
Most operation in PGA via query on V$SQL_WORKAREA_ACTIVE
IDX maintainenance (sort)
My questions:
1. why 'direct path read temp' just read one block every time, my understanding is this event can read one block and multiple blocks at one read call, why it keep read one block in my session?
2. my pga size is big enough, why this operation can not be treated with in PGA memory, instead of read block from disk into temp tablespace?
Thanks for you inputs.
Roy

951241 wrote:
since the session(which was from hard code application) is completed.First of all, you showed wait events from sql trace in the first post. Is the tracing was disabled in the latest execution?
>
I just generated the AWR for that period, as get long elapsed time SQL as following
Elapsed Time (s) Executions Elapsed Time per Exec (s) %Total %CPU %IO SQL Id
3,075.35 0 85.10 91.03 8.68 duhz2wtduz709
524.11 1 524.11 14.50 99.29 0.30 3cpa9fxny9j35
so I get execution plan as below for these two SQL,
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_awr('&v_sql_id')); duhz2wtduz709
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
| Id | Operation         | Name        | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
|   0 | UPDATE STATEMENT |             |       |       |     4 (100)|          |
|   1 | UPDATE           | WORK_PAY_LINE |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN| WORK_PAY_LINE |     1 |    37 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
Note
- automatic DOP: Computed Degree of Parallelism is 1 because of parallel thresholdI am not sure the why elapsed time in AWR is different with time in execution plan. Column "Time" in an execution plan is estimated time. In this execution plan Oracle expects to get 1 row, estimated time is 1 sec.
So, you need to check why estimated cardinality is such low, check statistics on the table WORK_PAY_LINE.
You update 10Gb from 16Gb table via Index Range Scan, it looks inefficient here by two reasons:
1. when a table updated via Index Range Scan optimized index maintenance is used. As a result some amount (significant in your case) of workareas is required. Required size depends on size and number of updated indexes and "global memory bound", 1Gb in your case.
2. if required table buffers will not be found in the cache it will be read from disk by single block reads. If you would use Full Table Scan then buffers for update most likely will be found in the cache because before it read by multiblock reads during Full Table Scan.
Figures from your AWR indicate, that only ~ 9% the session waited for I/O and 91% it worked and used CPU
Elapsed Time (s) Executions Elapsed Time per Exec (s) %Total %CPU %IO SQL Id
3,075.35 0 85.10 91.03 8.68 duhz2wtduz709 This amount of CPU time partially required for UPDATE 10Gb of data, partially for sorting during optimized index maintenance.
I would propose to use Table Full Scan here.
Also you can play around and create fake trigger on update, it will make impossible to use optimized index maintenance, usual index maintenance will be used. As a result you can check the same update with the same execution plan (with Index Range Scan) but without optimized index maintenance and "direct path .. temp" wait events.
Alexander Anokhin
http://alexanderanokhin.wordpress.com/

How do I get HP to comp me for cyan color cartridge that quit working? CP1215

Two months ago I purchased a new cyan ink cartridge. The printer had been working fine until a couple of days ago. I got this error message: catridge memory error on cyan.
It says for me to replace the cartridge. This is for HP Color LaserJet CP1215. Shouldn't HP at least comp me because the cartridge stopped working long before it should have.

Hi @pgas ,
I have sent you a private message. If you are not sure how to check your private messages then this post has instructions that will guide you through the process.
Thanks for visiting the HP Support Forum
I work for HP. However I speak only for myself, not for HP nor anyone else

PGA memory problem - Oracle 10.2.0.4 on windows 2003

Hi,
I have recently started work at a new company and we are running Oracle 10g (10.2.0.4, Enterprise Edition) on Windows 2003 (Standard Edition). The server has 4Gb of RAM (and we have modified boot.ini to inclue the /3Gb switch).
RE: SGA/PGA, we have the following Oracle parameters set:
sga_target 1G
pga_aggregate_target 194M
The employees tell me that they frequently "have to reboot the database" because of ORA-4030 and ORA-4031 problems. Looking at taskmgr on the server, Oracle is using "too much" memory (~3Gb). New sessions cannot connect etc. and they restart the database. Being a DBA (experience in UNIX, not Windows) I'm not so keen on this "solution" and am trying to find out what's happening.
When this problem occurred yesterday, before allowing the reboot, I bought myself some time to have a little dig around in the database. In v$sesstat I saw one process that had a value of over 1GB for "session pga memory". Memory usage on the server for oracle.exe was (as predicted) ~1GB over the "expected" 1.2Gb value (of SGA+PGA agg target). So, part 1 of my question is:
- Is this "normal" behaviour for Oracle to allow a process to go so wild on the PGA?
(I understood that Oracle would attempt to maintain total PGA memory close to the value of PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET. I believe I read in the documentation that it could allow PGA memory to increase "up to 20% over this value" but please don't quote me on that, I can't find it again..)
Part 2 to this problem is that sessions "collect" in the database and do not release their PGA memory, leading to the slow build up of memory until the errors are encountered. I believe Dead Connection Detection (DCD) not to be working here (sql_net.expire_time=1 is set on the server but appears to do nothing). I've started reading docs/notes on this and it seems that DCD is not reliable on Windows. Metalink Doc 151972.1 suggests testing and adjusting some underlying TCP/IP serttings in the O/S kernel (I'm not even sure how to do this in Windows yet, let alone if it's something I want to get involved with!). So:
- I'm wondering if anyone has any tips for this (killing off dead connections, getting DCD working in Windows 2003 etc.)? Any experiences, tips welcome here!!
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
Ados

user647632 wrote:
(By the way, can anyone recommend how to sort the formatting of these results please?!!)You can find all by clicking the Oracle Forum FAQ
</br>
Here is my PGASTAT result. Have a look at the values.
SQL> column name format a60
column value format 9,999,999,999,999,999
select * from gv$pgastat order by inst_id,name;
SQL> SQL>
   INST_ID NAME                                                                          VALUE UNIT
         1 PGA memory freed back to OS                                         202,362,322,944 bytes
         1 aggregate PGA auto target                                             1,831,209,984 bytes
         1 aggregate PGA target parameter                                        2,147,483,648 bytes
         1 bytes processed                                                     287,247,907,840 bytes
         1 cache hit percentage                                                             68 percent
         1 extra bytes read/written                                            133,790,002,176 bytes
         1 global memory bound                                                     214,743,040 bytes
         1 max processes count                                                              48
         1 maximum PGA allocated                                                 1,708,733,440 bytes
         1 maximum PGA used for auto workareas                                   1,112,871,936 bytes
         1 maximum PGA used for manual workareas                                       271,360 bytes
   INST_ID NAME                                                                          VALUE UNIT
         1 over allocation count                                                             0
         1 process count                                                                    42
         1 recompute count (total)                                                     136,756
         1 total PGA allocated                                                     328,158,208 bytes
         1 total PGA inuse                                                         196,502,528 bytes
         1 total PGA used for auto workareas                                        81,608,704 bytes
         1 total PGA used for manual workareas                                               0 bytes
         1 total freeable PGA memory                                                96,927,744 bytes
19 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> column BYTES_PROCESSED format 9,999,999,999,999,999
column EST_RW_EXTRA_BYTES format 9,999,999,999,999,999
SQL> SQL> select inst_id,round(pga_target_for_estimate/1024/1024) as target_size_MB,
2                bytes_processed,estd_extra_bytes_rw as est_rw_extra_bytes,
3                estd_pga_cache_hit_percentage as est_hit_pct,
4                estd_overalloc_count as est_overalloc
5 from gv$pga_target_advice order by inst_id,target_size_mb;
   INST_ID TARGET_SIZE_MB        BYTES_PROCESSED     EST_RW_EXTRA_BYTES EST_HIT_PCT EST_OVERALLOC
         1            256        285,418,388,480        188,648,610,816          60             4
         1            512        285,418,388,480        131,006,145,536          69             0
         1           1024        285,418,388,480         92,476,995,584          76             0
         1           1536        285,418,388,480         91,536,565,248          76             0
         1           2048        285,418,388,480         72,373,725,184          80             0
         1           2458        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1           2867        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1           3277        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1           3686        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1           4096        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1           6144        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
   INST_ID TARGET_SIZE_MB        BYTES_PROCESSED     EST_RW_EXTRA_BYTES EST_HIT_PCT EST_OVERALLOC
         1           8192        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1          12288        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
         1          16384        285,418,388,480         68,650,139,648          81             0
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL> show parameters pga
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
pga_aggregate_target                 big integer 2G
SQL> show parameters sga_max
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
sga_max_size                         big integer 2G
SQL> show parameters sga_target
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
sga_target                           big integer 2G
SQL>

Hash join, how to know how much of pga is using?

Good Day everybody...
Is there a way to know if i have enough pga for a given hash join??'
so far i have PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = 200MB
WORK AREA SIZE POLICY = AUTO
The advisor from EM looks good, but i know that the query im interested on its expensive.
so reworking the question...
¿how can i get the propper ammount of bytes needed by a given hash join?

Its complicated - There are pages of stuff in the manual, histograms, forecast histograms.
But I think you can get a long way with:
SELECT name profile, cnt, decode(total, 0, 0, round(cnt*100/total)) percentage
FROM (SELECT name, value cnt, (sum(value) over ()) total
FROM V$SYSSTAT
WHERE name like 'workarea exec%');
The output of this query might look like the following:
PROFILE CNT PERCENTAGE
workarea executions - optimal 5395 95
workarea executions - onepass 284 5
workarea executions - multipass 0 0
If all executions are optimal, who can ask for more?
Also:
V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE
This view predicts how the statistics cache hit percentage and over allocation count in V$PGASTAT will be impacted if you change the value of the initialization parameter PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET. Example 14-8 shows a typical query of this view:
Example 14-8 Querying V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE
SELECT round(PGA_TARGET_FOR_ESTIMATE/1024/1024) target_mb,
ESTD_PGA_CACHE_HIT_PERCENTAGE cache_hit_perc,
ESTD_OVERALLOC_COUNT
FROM V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE;
The output of this query might look like the following:
TARGET_MB CACHE_HIT_PERC ESTD_OVERALLOC_COUNT
63 23 367
125 24 30
250 30 3
375 39 0
500 58 0
600 59 0
700 59 0
800 60 0
900 60 0
1000 61 0
1500 67 0
2000 76 0
3000 83 0
4000 85 0
As far as I understand if, if the overallocation count is nonzero, Oracle will override your pga_aggregate_target anyway. (Having said that, dont forget, this parameter is a target, not a hard & fast limit)

Oracle 9i Automatic PGA Memory Management

Hello,
my team and me, we are facing difficulties to change the size of the PGA used by our server processes for HASH JOIN, SORT... operators,
here you can see the results of "select * from v$pgastat":
[pgastat dynamic view results|http://pastebin.com/m210314dc]
We have been increasing consecutively our pga_aggregate_target parameter from 1.7 Gb initially to 4Gb then at the end 6Gb, the value of "Global memory bound" and " aggregate pga auto target" on the link above are still equal to 0.
I have been reading threads on the forum and documentation see below, I understand how the global memory manager (CKPT) computest the sql memory target and then the global memory bound, as far as I understand I can only "play" on the pga_aggregate_target value in order to increase the size of our PGAs (I exclude to play with hidden parameters).
- Joze Senegacnik: Advanced Management of working areas in Oracle 9i/10g : http://tonguc.yilmaz.googlepages.com/JozeSenegacnik-PGAMemoryManagementvO.zip
- Dageville Benoit and Zait Mohamed: SQL memory management in oracle 9i
Here different information that could be usefull:
OS: solaris 10 (db running in a non global zone)
Arch: 64-bit sparcv9 kernel modules
Physical memory: 32 Gb (being shared between all non global zones)
Oracle version: 9.2.0.5 32bits
Values of init parameters and hidden parameters that could be relevant:
[init parameters|http://pastebin.com/m40340cf4]
[hidden parameters|http://pastebin.com/m50d74c53]
Maybe useful queries:
over work areas views, I use the following script:
[wa_analysis.sql|http://pastebin.com/d606ebd9b]
and the result of it:
[result of script wa_analysis.sql|http://pastebin.com/m5f49a2e5]

Joze Senegacnik wrote:
- either your sessions are using a lot of memory for storing variables like pl/sql arrays which is subtracted from automatic management: PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET - (aggregated persistent area + a part of the run time area of all server processes)
- you are hitting a bug
- or maybe something elseI am really happy you come to this conclusion too, they are the same we made with my team and we have submitting to Oracle support via metalink SR 3-1216060641, we were asking if we hit the following bug (in note 1) or we leak about pl/sql or java... or else indeed,
note 1: PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET Assigned Memory Is Left Unconsumed When Set High [ID 844542.1]
Joze Senegacnik wrote:
I would like to know:
1.) what were the values for global memory bound and autotarget immediately (or in short time) after the database restart or when you have increased them Just after the restart of the database and just after the change of P_A_T, we query v$pgastat immediately after and the value of global memory bound and auto target were equal to 0 byte,
2.) If you are able to change value of PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET (P_A_T) to 10GB what happens with global memory bound and auto traget. They should be positive at least for a short time. As this is a dynamic parameter you can change it for a short time, run queries and set it back.We plan to do this tonight, we have an "heavy" ITIL change management procedures that allow us to make changes approved by change manager and only during night maintenance window on production system, I come back to you tomorrow. But we have been increasing from 1,7Gb to 4Gb to 6Gb, each time I have been querying v$sgastat in the next 2 mins and global memory bound and auto target were equal to 0 byte.
3.) Have you checked on the OS level how much memory are using server processes - do these numbers come along with what Oracle says. Not during problematic activities, meaning active work areas performing HASH-JOIN, SORT... operators,
unfortunately it is a production system, even if he performs poorly, we are not allowed to try or retry the poor queries, but if it comes again I'll do it,
during low activities, here the results paste with the scripts I used:
[pga processes info in oracle|http://pastebin.com/f2e540062]
I spooled the result rows of this previous script in /var/tmp/pga_processes.log then I loop over all processes pid and display pmap output anon info like this:
h5. cat /var/tmp/pga_processes.log | awk -F' ' '{print $5}' | xargs -n 1 -i pmap -x {}| grep -v 'Addres' |egrep 'Kb' 2>&1 > /var/tmp/pga_processes_os.log
then I merge line by line the two files with unix paste command, here the results:
[os and oracle pga informations|http://pastebin.com/f4135c8a6]
4.) How many server processes are running on you system in average/max and are you using just dedicated processes or also shared?in average 250, we are only using dedicated processes,
5.) At time of low activity is the global memory bound still 0 or becomes > 0. I have been querying every 15 min during more than 24 hours low activities, it still stay to 0,
5.) Are you experiencing paging/swapping on OS level?No, here orca figures for details:
[free memory|http://img509.imageshack.us/img509/5897/ohuron1asd2gauge1024xfr.png]
swap
[pagein pageout|http://img121.imageshack.us/img121/6946/ohuron1asd2gaugepginper.png]
[memory usage|http://img19.imageshack.us/img19/2213/ohuron1asd2gaugeppkerne.png]
6.) Please post the result of: select * from X$QESMMSGA ;during low activities, [results X$QESMMSGA|http://pastebin.com/f61df7093]
While you will be answering to my questions I'll try to figure out what we can do to properly diagnose the problem. As you are on 9i it is a little bit harder.I am really kind of your help, as we say in my country, "if you need tow arms one day to carry something, call me."
--Jeremy Baumont

Investigate session PGA for one process

Windows server 2003 with Oracle 9.2.0.8.0
In this server there's a process (myprocess.exe) that runs every night at 4:00.
The process is always running, but only does actually work between 4:00 and 5:00. The rest of the day is present, with doing anything (idle).
Running this query:
SELECT
s.sid sid
, lpad(s.username,12) oracle_username
, lpad(s.osuser,9) os_username
, s.program session_program
, lpad(s.machine,8) session_machine
, (select ss.value/1024/1024 from v$sesstat ss, v$statname sn
where ss.sid = s.sid and
sn.statistic# = ss.statistic# and
sn.name = 'session pga memory') session_pga_memory
, (select ss.value/1024/1024 from v$sesstat ss, v$statname sn
where ss.sid = s.sid and
sn.statistic# = ss.statistic# and
sn.name = 'session pga memory max') session_pga_memory_max
, (select ss.value/1024/1024 from v$sesstat ss, v$statname sn
where ss.sid = s.sid and
sn.statistic# = ss.statistic# and
sn.name = 'session uga memory') session_uga_memory
, (select ss.value/1024/1024 from v$sesstat ss, v$statname sn
where ss.sid = s.sid and
sn.statistic# = ss.statistic# and
sn.name = 'session uga memory max') session_uga_memory_max
FROM
v$session s
ORDER BY session_pga_memory DESCI can see that myprocess.exe has:
154Mb of session_PGA_memory
163Mb of session_pga_memory_max
104Mb of session_UGA_memory
111MB of session_UGA_memory_max
For a idle process, this is just to much. So I think there are a lot of cursors not being close.
If I kill the myprocess.exe, immediaty I can see the oracle.exe memory used drop... around ~150MB.
If I restart myprocess.exe, PGA only has 4MB... until the next morning, where it has ~150Mb.
Getting the SID for myProcess.exe, and running this query:
SELECT s.machine, oc.user_name, oc.sql_text, count(1) FROM v$open_cursor oc, v$session s
WHERE oc.sid = s.sid
AND s.sid=38
GROUP BY user_name, sql_text, machine
HAVING COUNT(1) > 1 ORDER BY count(1) DESC I was expecting to find a lot of cursors... but I did not! Only 9 rows are returned, and all with similat Sql_Text
"DELETE from GT_A "
"DELETE from GT_B "
"DELETE from GT_C "
(9 rows returned)
This GT_* are 9 global temporay tables, used in the PL/SQL execution.
1) Why are this 9 "DELETE from GT_" still present in open_cursors, if the process is idle since 5:00?
2) Checking the code, I found that they are created with: "On commit delete rows"...
but could this 9 global temporary tables justify the 154MB of PGA not release in the session?
Thanks in advance;
Edited by: PauloSMO on 6/Set/2011 4:20

The fact that the work area policy is set to auto and that you're on dedicated server of course invalidates the setting here. It's just a little odd that it was set given the docs state that it is defaulted to 0 and is recommended to be used in shared server environments.
Oracle does not recommend using the SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE parameter unless the instance is configured with the shared server option. >Oracle recommends that you enable automatic sizing of SQL working areas by setting PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET instead. >SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE is retained for backward compatibility.
PauloSMO wrote:Still active looking for a way to find why a idle process, has is session with 160MB in PGA.
Why does it not free memory to the Operating System!The pga_aggregate_target is a target. It will be exceded if necessary. If the memory is being used it can't be returned to the OS. The issue is finding out where it is using the memory. As you can see it's not particularly easy to dig into the real detail of what's contained in the PGA for that particular session, so why not set up a simple job to query the stats for that session every 10 seconds or something? That way you'll be able to get a profile of when the memory usage is going up and hopefully be able to correlate that with what the process is doing. It's not ideal but that's essentially what something like active session history is doing. If you have a decent level of instrumentation via things like dbms_application_info, it will make the job a little easier.
HTH
David

INI: XOQ-01600: OLAP DML error "ORA-4030: out of process memory" OLAP PGA S

Hi All ,
While executing the cube generation I am getting an error. Anybody knows the reason ? I have amended the olap_page_pool_size to 200MB and it doesn't help at all .
INI: error creating a definition manager, Generic at TxsOqConnection::generic<BuildProcess>INI: XOQ-01600: OLAP DML error "ORA-4030: out of process memory when trying to allocate 82860 bytes (OLAP PGA Stack,xsVPBlankParm: PPARM)" while executing DML "SYS.AWXML!R11_COMPILE_PARTITIONS('TIME.DIMENSION')", Generic at TxsOqStdFormCommand::execute
Thanks in advance,
Debashis

HI David ,
Thanks for the reply.
My Time Dimension having 10 years of data in day level granularity and Fact table is not partitioned and having only one month of data as 299 records .
Just to let you know that we define two hierarchy level under TIMES one is "ALL levels" and another is Detail where END_DATE has been defaulted with some value and TIME_SPAN is set mapped to the Times table column having distinct value 1 for each records .Also the Member specified as ROW_WID of the Time table.
Just to let you know we have ran(Maintain from Dimension hierarchy) 'Product' and 'Position' dimension individually and it works fine i.e Load ,Compile and Sync process works fine but while run Times it is throwing issue :
ORA-4030: out of process memory when trying to allocate 59340 bytes (OLAP PGA Stack,xsVPBlankParm: PPARM)" while executing DML
we run the Times hierarchy from OLAPTRAIN and it was perfectly fine . Not sure with our time Dim definition .
Any clue ?
Many Thanks,
Debashis

Only one instance of my transaction works - CICS ART

I have been able to deploy a CICS application on Tuxedo ART 11gR3 on RHEL 5.
But I can only access the application thorugh 1 Tn3270 window. Until I finish the applictaion, I cant use it from the 2nd terminal window.
I am trying to figure out how can I get the application to accept multiple concurrent requests.
The only way I was able to add more clients was through changing the ARTSTRN section of the ubbconfig file from MIN=1 , MAX=1 to MIN=2, MAX=3.
In fact, this is my setting which is the same as the sample_03 deployment file:
ARTSTRN SRVGRP=GRP02
SRVID=20
CONV=Y
MIN=1 MAX=1 RQADDR=QKIX110 REPLYQ=Y
I observed that this creates a new process for the request as this will be more expensive in higher concurrency requests.
I did notice that the sample application can handle multiple requests/terminal windows concurrently.
In the documentation it says that you can use a TRANCLASS to say how many users you can have, but I tried that and it did not work.
Any ideas?
Edited by: user522010 on Mar 22, 2012 12:10 PM
Edited by: user522010 on Mar 22, 2012 12:12 PM
Edited by: user522010 on Mar 22, 2012 12:12 PM

Hi Mark,
I will post the files shortly, but first I wanted to get a better understanding of the way the transaction works in ART CICS Runtime.
I have a program PGA that does a CICS LINK to program PG1. So basically PGA expects a call back from PG1 and PG2 and so on. So basically my problem is that I am only getting one transaction showing at a time, its NOT working concurrent as I would like it to.
Thanks,
Here is the following:
transaction.desc
SB00;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;RSSBT000
SB01;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;RSSBT001
SB02;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;RSSBT002
SB03;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;RSSBT003
INQ1;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;CUSTINQ1
PGA;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;PGA
programs.desc
#PROGRAM;GROUP;DESCRIPTION;LANGUAGE;EXECKEY;STATUS
RSSBT000;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED #the first program of transaction SA00
RSSBT001;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED
RSSBT002;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED
RSSBT003;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED
CUSTINQ1;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED
PGA;SIMPAPP;pg for simpap;COBOL; ;ENABLED
PG1;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED
PG2;SIMPAPP;pg for simpapp;COBOL; ;ENABLED
tranclasss.desc
TRCLASS1;SIMPAPP ; A tranclass bidon for tests; 1
TRCLASS2;SIMPAPP ; A tranclass bidon for tests; 2
ubbconfig
*RESOURCES
IPCKEY 43567
DOMAINID     KIXD      # <REGION>
MASTER KIXR     # <SUBREGION>
MODEL SHM
MAXACCESSERS 100
MAXSERVERS 50
MAXSERVICES 10000
LDBAL N
BLOCKTIME 30
*MACHINES
"tux5"
LMID=KIXR
APPDIR="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03"
TUXDIR="/opt/oracle/tuxedo11gR1"
TUXCONFIG="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/config/tux/tuxconfig"
ENVFILE="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/config/tux/envfile"
ULOGPFX="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/log/ULOG"
MAXWSCLIENTS=20
TLOGDEVICE="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/sysfile/TLOG"
*GROUPS
DEFAULT: LMID=KIXR
# Applicative groups
TCP00 LMID=KIXR
GRPNO=1
GRP00
GRPNO=10
ENVFILE="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/config/tux/envfile"
GRP01
GRPNO=11
ENVFILE="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/config/tux/envfile"
GRP02
GRPNO=12
ENVFILE="/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/config/tux/envfile"
TMSNAME="TMS_ORA"
TMSCOUNT=2
OPENINFO="Oracle_XA:Oracle_XA+Acc=P/user/password+SesTm=600+LogDir=/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/xa+DbgFl=0x20"
# OPENINFO="Oracle_XA:Oracle_XA+Acc=P/user/password+SqlNet=ORCL+SesTm=600+LogDir=/opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/xa+DbgFl=0x20"
*SERVERS
ARTTCPL SRVGRP=TCP00
SRVID=101
               CLOPT=" -- -M 4 -m 1 -L //tux5:43567 -n //tux5:43568 +H -1 -D"
ARTADM SRVGRP=GRP01
SRVID=10
MIN=1 MAX=1
               SEQUENCE=1
CLOPT="-o /opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/sysout/stdout_adm -e /opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/sysout/stderr_adm -r --"
ARTCNX SRVGRP=GRP01
SRVID=15
CONV=Y
MIN=1 MAX=1 RQADDR=QCNX015 REPLYQ=Y
CLOPT="-o /opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/sysout/stdout_cnx -e /opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/sysout/stderr_cnx -r --"
ARTSTRN SRVGRP=GRP02
SRVID=20
CONV=Y
MIN=1 MAX=1 RQADDR=QKIX110 REPLYQ=Y
CLOPT="-o /opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/sysout/stdout_strn -e /opt/oracle/art11gR1/Cics_RT/sample/sample_03/LOGS/sysout/stderr_strn -r -- -s KIXR -l SIMPAPP"
*SERVICES
DEFAULT: SVCTIMEOUT=0 TRANTIME=80
*ROUTING
Edited by: user522010 on Mar 27, 2012 11:20 AM
Edited by: user522010 on Mar 27, 2012 11:22 AM
Edited by: user522010 on Mar 27, 2012 11:33 AM

Working of pga

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