24p DVX footage Lower Even field dominance interlacing?

I've captured DVX 24p (not 24pA) footage. When I check Item properties for a clip FCP shows Lower (Even) under Field Dominance? Shouldn't it be Progressive or is it because 24p was captured using a 29.97 timeline in FCP as opposed to 24pA.
I am seeing horizontal lines during motion when played back on DVD? Is that interlacing? Where did I go wrong.

Look, you really need to wrap your head around 24p, 30p, 24pA and 30i.
Interlace is not an ugly issue. It is a benefit. Interlacing normal on broadcast television. Your TV scans down and back up for each frame... alternating lines. When you shoot 24p on the DVX it puts it to tape where for every 3 frames of progressive it combines FOUR frames to give you TWO additional combined (interlaced) frames. So.. there are 6 sets of 5 frames per 1 second giving you 30 frames per second. If you take those 3 progressive frames by themselves 3x6 is 24 frames per second.
You OBVIOUSLY want to final out to 29.97 or 30 fps so you'll need those extra 2x6 frames to get you to 30!! If you wanted to final out to 29.97 AND you wanted progressive frames for EVERY frame you should have shot 30p mode.
Now... when are they ugly? When you are standing still on a frame. When are they unnecessary? When you plan to show them on a computer or progressive monitor. Remember, even when shooting progressive and playing it on a TV you will STILL have the TV doing interlaced scans... the only difference is the down scan is taken from the same point in time as the up scan.
Plus... you don't capture TO a sequence... you capture the video and edit it IN a sequence. You can still capture the footage in 24p at 29.97 and remove those 2x6 extra frames and edit in a 23.98 sequence.
Do some reading. It will only help.
CaptM

Similar Messages

Highest Quality DVD Encoding for 29.97 and 24p DVX Footage

I want to make sure that in both FCP and in Compressor that I am setup to have the best possible quality SD DVD.
I have edited footage that is both in 29.97 and 24p from a DVX100a in Final Cut Pro 6.04. My sequence settings are:
720x480 -NTSC DV 3:2
Pixel Aspect: NTSC
Field Dominance: Lower (Even)
Editing Timebase: 29.97
Compressor: DV/DVCPRO - NTSC
Quality: 100
Video processing and render settings are on the highest setting.
I am done editing and want to encode to SD DVD using Compressor. My settings are:
Video Format TAB - Untouched (NTSC, 29.97, 4x3, Field - Bottom First)
Frame Controls TAB -
Resize - Best
Output - Progressive
Deinterlace - Best
Adaptive Details - Not Checked
Anti Alias - 0
Details Level - 0
Rate Conversion - Fast
Set Duration 100%
Are these settings correct? When I brought the mpeg2 into DVD Studio Pro and put it into a track, it said that it was 720x480i. Shouldn't it be 720x480p? I am a bit confused. Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks!

Look, you really need to wrap your head around 24p, 30p, 24pA and 30i.
Interlace is not an ugly issue. It is a benefit. Interlacing normal on broadcast television. Your TV scans down and back up for each frame... alternating lines. When you shoot 24p on the DVX it puts it to tape where for every 3 frames of progressive it combines FOUR frames to give you TWO additional combined (interlaced) frames. So.. there are 6 sets of 5 frames per 1 second giving you 30 frames per second. If you take those 3 progressive frames by themselves 3x6 is 24 frames per second.
You OBVIOUSLY want to final out to 29.97 or 30 fps so you'll need those extra 2x6 frames to get you to 30!! If you wanted to final out to 29.97 AND you wanted progressive frames for EVERY frame you should have shot 30p mode.
Now... when are they ugly? When you are standing still on a frame. When are they unnecessary? When you plan to show them on a computer or progressive monitor. Remember, even when shooting progressive and playing it on a TV you will STILL have the TV doing interlaced scans... the only difference is the down scan is taken from the same point in time as the up scan.
Plus... you don't capture TO a sequence... you capture the video and edit it IN a sequence. You can still capture the footage in 24p at 29.97 and remove those 2x6 extra frames and edit in a 23.98 sequence.
Do some reading. It will only help.
CaptM

Field Dominance and De-interlacing: what settings to use?

I've been trying to read about, and understand, the issues of deinterlacing and field dominance/order, but I'm having problems and don't yet see what the clear solution is.
I'm shooting DV footage with a consumer grade camcorder:
Capture Preset: DV NTSC 48 kHz
Sequence Preset: DV NTSC 48kHz
720x480 NTSC DV
QT Video Compressor: DV/DVCPRO-NTSC
The problems are "teeth and vertical lines" in the quick movements and transitions, but fixing one (by changing the "Field Dominance" setting in the Sequence) makes the other slightly worse, it seems.
Or, maybe I should be using the de-interlacing filter on everything? I haven't found clear instructions about what destination material this should be used for...
I'd be grateful if someone could look at this web page containing examples of what I mean:
http://www.karma-lab.com/images-pub/apple-q/fielddom_nt.html
Picture 1: NTSC DV frame, from sequence set to "Lower (Even)"
Picture 2: NTSC DV frame, from sequence set to "None"
Picture 3: frame from "Cross Zoom" transition in "Lower (Even)" sequence
Picture 4: frame from "Cross Zoom" transition in "None" sequence
Questions:
1) What are the correct settings? it would seem to be "None", because otherwise my transitions all have "teeth" and look like somebody is viewing it cross-eyed, even at full speed you can see the teeth in the transitions. But if I set it to none, then it seems that quick movements of the people in the videos get slightly more "teeth" to them...
2) I am producing web video (quicktime/flash video movies). Not for TV or broadcast. Am I supposed to throw the de-interlacing filter on everything?
with "lower", it's jerky (half the frames missing, I guess) but the "teeth" go away
with "flicker-free", it's not jerky, but it gets a little fuzzy looking, and I want to keep things "crisp"...
I need less advice on the theory, and more advice on "set it like this for what you are doing." I've read some really technical explanations, and I understand why interlacing exists etc., but not exactly what I should be doing to get the optimal results for my needs, i.e. simply good-looking web video with decent motion and transitions, shot from a consumer level DV camcorder.
Thanks for reading!
G4 Dual 800 QuickSilver / PBook G4 Titanium Mac OS X (10.3.9)

What are the correct settings?
Since you mention that you've shot your material on a consumer-grade camcorder, that would mean that Field Dominance – in your FCP Sequence Settings – should be set to Lower. If you use None – and I'm sparing you the tech talk here – then you're basically rendering out at a reduced quality (as the last pic in your link demonstrates)
I am producing web video (quicktime/flash video movies). Not for TV or broadcast. Am I supposed to throw the de-interlacing filter on everything? with "lower", it's jerky (half the frames missing, I guess) but the "teeth" go away with "flicker-free", it's not jerky, but it gets a little fuzzy looking, and I want to keep things "crisp"...
If you really want to keep things crisp, you best quality option - within the Final Cut Studio suite of tools - is to Export Using Compressor, with the Deinterlace option in Compressor 2.x's Frame Controls to Better (Motion Adaptive) while setting your Output Fields to be Progressive (presuming that you'll exporting to QuickTime first, then converting to Flash. Having said that, this type of conversion can take a long time to process and may not be suitable if you're under a serious time constraint.
Otherwise, the speediest option is indeed to slap a Deinterlace filter onto everything (or nest your sequence then place the filter on the nest) but the quality isn't always what folks would like.

23.98 fps advanced pulldown removel with lower field dominance??

When ever I have captured 24p advanced material shot on a DVX100B, I have always used Final Cut Pro 5's advanced pulldown removel easy set up (2:3:3:2). I haven't run into any issues until now. When I try to capture 24p advanced material, for some reason Final Cut sets my field dominance as lower (even). I made sure I was using the capture pre-set for advanced pulldown removel (23.98) and I was. Is there any way to fix this? I tried trashing my preferences but that didn't help. This is progressive scan material so in the past Final Cut Pro has always set it to field dominance as "none". Also, because my 24pa material is having a lower field dominance and as 29.97fps, I have to render in my 24pa sequence which I have never had to do. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
PS: I'm using OSX 10.4.8 (the OS choice drop down menu hasn't been updated)
Update: I tried capturing a short clip (about 30 seconds) and it worked fine, but when I try capturing my clip, which is about 10 mins, I get it capured at 29.97 with lower field dominance.

Anyone ?

Field dominance setting for progressive footage?

I'm still not sure about this subject.
I film with a Canon HF100. This is shooting progressive footage. I use a Imac, therefor the footage will be imported from a achvd to .mov files.
When I import it in FCE it will give automatically a fielddominance of upper odd. I heard I had to change it to fielddominace none. By mistake I edited a project without changing from Upper odd to none and there was nothing wrong with the project.
1. Is this true?
2. And why do I have to change it? What's the (technical) reason (try to understand it) and why doens't this go automatically?
Thank you!!

1) yes
2) ... field-dominance is a matter with interlaced footage ... in the older days, the many lines of a frame were splitted into two fields: even and odd lines. and funny as engineers often like to be, the odd lines (1,3,5,7,9, ... = don't neccessarily have to be the first (=dominant) field (.dv for instance: 'first' field is the even one 2,4,6,...)
progessive has no fields = no field dominance
but ..
some cams read out the chip progressive, but record the p frame as two identically i-fields! ... phewwww
summary:
if it works, don't change it ...

Progressive Field Dominance vs Lower Field Dominance

I am putting a project together in FCP 5.1.4 Most assets are NTSC QT clips with lower field dominance. I have some PAL assets with Progressive field dominance. I am using a slow-PAL conversion method outlined here:
http://www.macworld.com/article/49306/2006/02/marchcreat.html
I just want to make sure my workflow is appropriate.
If I use Cinema Tools to convert frame rate to 23.98 and then Compressor to change aspect ratio, and finally FCP to add frames back in to arrive at 29.97 NTSC . . .
DO I NEED TO change the progressive field dominance to lower field dominance at ay point?
I will ultimately be outputting to DVD which may be viewed on either computer or video monitor.

From my rudimentary knowledge I believe that as opposed to upper or lower field dominance, the source asset was recorded as "progressive scan", which I assume means NO field dominance.
What I do not understand is, if I import assets into a FCP sequence that has a lower field dominance, then what happens to these assets in the timeline when I export them out of FCP to either mpeg2 for inclusion in a DVDStudioPro. Or as a compressed quicktime for a streaming video on the web.
I am concerned that progressive scan assets mixed with lower field dominance may cause weird interlacing artifacts when I ultimately playback the end project.
Don't know whether I'm overthinking this, but want to avoid hours of work in the wrong direction.
Help?

DVCPRO HD 720p60 Footage. Field dominance set to "None" Should timeline ?

Hey all, I got some footage from a new client. I got it on a drive, so I wasnt the editor to pull it from the source tapes. Anyway, the clips read "None" for field dominance. I'm wondering if I should set the timeline sequence to "None" or "Lower" for proper playback. For output it will go to a BetaSp Deck or possibly back to the DVCPRO Deck. Lastly, the clients want to have DVD's made.
Any suggestions about the proper way to set up appreciated.

What you need to do is set the Easy Setup to DVCPRO HD 720p60...then make a new sequence...and use what settings it has. Or, if you have FCP 6, when you cut a clip into the timeline it will ask if you want the sequence settings to match that of the clip....click YES.
Since this is progressive footage, field dominance will be set to NONE by default.
Shane

FCP Field Dominance Error? 1920x1080p displayed as interlaced!?

Can you answer this?
Why is a video file in a 1920x1080 progressive format said to have Upper (Odd) field dominance in the Final Cut Browser, which implies that it is interlaced, not progressive?
Here's the details.
(A)Video shot in HDV on a Sony Z5U at 1080p30 (1440x1080) is transcoded in Compressor to Photo - JPEG in 1920x1080p30, that's 1920x1080 with square pixels with progressive frames.
(B)The video is reopened in Compressor, which reads that it is, in fact, 1080p30 (1920x1080).
BUT!!!(C) When the video is opened in Final Cut's Browser, it reads that it has an Upper (Odd) field dominance, implying that it has an interlaced frame.
My Plea.
I can't figure this out, and I need to deliver some video. I have every reason to think my video is leaving Compressor in 1920x1080p30, but the field dominance info in Final Cut is holding me up.
If I remember right, Final Cut Studio 7 isn't able to handle 1920x1080p, only 1920x1080i and 1280x720p. Is this what's going on, maybe? Does Final Cut just not even know about 1920x1080p?
I very much appreciate any help.

Wow, such a quick answer and exactly what I was looking for. All problems solved and ready to deliver.
I always assumed most programs interpreted files as they loaded them into RAM, or something like that, which is when they would determine something like if a video file is progressive or interlaced. Knowing that Final Cut, instead, looks to a table of standard values when opening a file is great to know. Thanks a lot.
And lastly, about the sequence settings, I'm ready to deliver - the Compressor export to Photo - JPEG was the last step. I was only opening the file in Final Cut to confirm the right final format.
Thanks again for the help.
Matt
Epokhe Cut Media
http://www.epokhecutmedia.com

Field dominance. upper, lower or none?

Hi I am cutting some material in a dv pal project and am wondering about field dominance? Can someone shed some light on which is preferable for a sequence which combines material shot with different cameras, some of which having been converted in the timeline from hd to sd?
Thanks

when capturing and editing in DV PAL then choose the DV PAL Easy Setup
when capturing additional material from other sources then switch to the appropriate Esay Setup for that format.
when you mix the formats on the DV-PAL timeline, if captured correctly, then FCP will add Shift Field filters as necessary to compensate for the varying formats
when editing make sure that you are monitoring your edit via firewire (view > video playback > apple firewire dv pal + view > external video > all frames) to an interlaced monitor and not just in your canvas. in that way you will immediately be aware of any interlacing issues if they occur.

Upper field dominance on progressive footage?

I shot footage at 1080p, 30 fps. In my FCP sequence the clip properties say there is an upper field dominance...
Upon outputting my HD footage to SD DVD it looks rather crummy, and there is a green horizontal line on the top and bottom of the screen. Is this why?
Finally, what is the best, and fastest, way to correct this, if it is, indeed, the problem...
Thanks for your help...

If it is progressive, the field dom setting is irrelevant.
johnlll81 wrote:
Upon outputting my HD footage to SD DVD it looks rather crummy, and there is a green horizontal line on the top and bottom of the screen. Is this why?
Because 1080 isn't a multiple of 480 (NTSC) or 576 (PAL) lines. You have a remnant of a line left over with incomplete information. What's the intended delivery method? You certainly won't see those lines on a TV set.
If it's intended for viewing on the web, use the crop controls in Compressor.

Need Some Help! Upper field dominance on progressive footage?

I am re-posting this because I am in a time crunch and need to try and find a solution...
I shot footage at 1080p, 30 fps. In my FCP sequence the clip properties say there is an upper field dominance...
Upon outputting my HD footage to SD DVD it looks rather crummy, and there is a green horizontal line on the top and bottom of the screen. Is this why?
Finally, what is the best, and fastest, way to correct this, if it is, indeed, the problem...
Thanks for your help...

If it is progressive, the field dom setting is irrelevant.
johnlll81 wrote:
Upon outputting my HD footage to SD DVD it looks rather crummy, and there is a green horizontal line on the top and bottom of the screen. Is this why?
Because 1080 isn't a multiple of 480 (NTSC) or 576 (PAL) lines. You have a remnant of a line left over with incomplete information. What's the intended delivery method? You certainly won't see those lines on a TV set.
If it's intended for viewing on the web, use the crop controls in Compressor.

1080 24p field dominance issues

I exported a project using Apple Pro Res (HQ) in 1080 23.976fps. When I take it to the dub house for mastering onto D5 tape, they tell me that the field dominance switches on several of the edits. The footage was shot on the HVX in 1080 24pa mode. Some of the dominance switches happened on edits within the same clip. Any help or cause of this would be greatly appreciated.

After testing and discussing with Apple tech, it was determined that the conversion to Apple Pro Res was the problem. I solved it by re-exporting everything in DVCPro HD 1080p24 with Recompress All Frames turned on. It's possible recompessing all frames with the Apple Pro Res would have also fixed the problem, but I ran out of time.

Is there any way I can see field dominance?

I have been working on a project shot in HDV1080i50. Now I need to make a 14by9 PAL master in DigiBeta format. So I create an umcompressed PAL sequence and drop the final AIC 1080i50 version of the program into it.
Sending the uncompressed file off to be printed to DigiBeta the bureau says the fields are reversed. My problem is that I can't find any way to see the final project to see if I have got the field dominance right. Does anyone know of a tool that would let me look at the fields in the final Uncompressed print I generate. (when I play it on the computer screen it appears to play fine since computer monitors don't do interlaced)
thanks,
Paul Shard
Dual 1GHz Mac OS X (10.4.3) 1.75GB ATI9800, FCStudio

Hi Paul,
I've been battling these same issues, making DVD's from HDV footage, I didn't go via AIC, or out to a bureau, though.
I found that, the uncompressed codec, when dropped into compressor, is defaulted to a different field dominance than a DV codec, even though they were both lower field dominant in the FCP sequence.
I needed to manually change the dominance of the uncompressed movie, to lower, before I created an MPEG 2.
Can you tell the bureau to do the same ? That your footage is correct (lower first) but that they are not treating the uncompressed file as such.
What are they using, once you have given the file to them - compressor ?
The shift field filter is right. But the whole thing is quite confusing, and I found the default field dominance in compressor was different, if I printed an uncompressed file out, or exported directly from FCP to compressor (which is very slow, but does not require the uncompressed file).
However, regardless of the default compressor set, lower field dominance was correct, and the saved movie was correct for lower field.
Hope this helps.

Field Dominance inconsistent after Advanced Pulldown capture

Following up on my immediately previous post (regarding the interview footage I captured from my dvx 100A using advanced pulldown setting in FCP5) I notice that, according to my FCP5 browser, some of my captured 23.xx clips show a Field Dominance of Lower (Even), while other clips show the word None under Field Dominance. Should I be concerned? And, if so, what's the solution?
Thanks!
Powerbook G4 15" Mac OS X (10.4.4)

Answered in another topic. Thanks!

Which Field Dominance setting in Compressor?

Hello,
Which Field Dominance setting should I choose in Compressor, given that I shot on DV in progressive mode, and have rendered and exported to uncompressed 8-bit 4:2:2? (The Field Dominance alternatives in Compressor are: "Top First", "Bottom First", "Progressive", and "Automatic".)
I am confused by this because in FCP, I believe that the correct Field Dominance setting is "Lower (Even)" (not "Progressive"), since in DV format, images are stored one field after another, even if pairs of fields were captured simultaneously, i.e. even if the camera was used in "progressive mode".
But precisely because pairs of fields were captured simultaneously when I shot in progressive mode, I suspect that the correct Field Dominance setting in Compressor is "Progressive". But perhaps I'm wrong(?).
Would someone please enlighten me?
Thanks.
Robert

For 1080i50, you should leave field dominance at Upper. The sequence field dominance (field order is a more accurate term) should be the same as that of the source footage. Stick to that rule and you'll be OK. For progressive sources it's None. For interlaced HD format sources, it's Upper. For SD interlaced sources it's Lower.
Now, in the case of 1080p25...it's progressive, but it can be carried on a 1080i50 timeline with no ill effects EXCEPT that transitions, moving titles, and perhaps certain other effects will render with the normal interlacing of the sequence format. The fix is to change the sequence field dom setting to None. Hope that makes sense.

24p DVX footage Lower Even field dominance interlacing?

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