ACS to use Window AD database

Hi, I am trying ACSv4.1.1.23 to use Windows AD database to authenticate TACACS+ clients, can anybody point me to good documentation on site?
Thanks a lot.

Hope this helps.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/secursw/ps2086/products_configuration_example09186a00801df0ea.shtml
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/secursw/ps2086/products_configuration_example09186a00801df0e4.shtml

Similar Messages

  • What are the limits of using windows internal database in RMS?

    hi,
    We dont have SQL server to use and opting to use windows internal database
    What are the limits of using windows internal database in RMS?
    tnx

    Hi,
    the main limitation is that you cannot access a SQL express from remote (even there are tricks to work around that), so you cannot add another machine to the RMS cluster. 
    Microsoft's recommendation for production systems is to use a full SQL server, what allows you clustering and running all sorts of maintenance tasks.
    Other than that SQL Express has a 10GB total limitation for all databases running on that server.
    See also http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd772673(v=WS.10).aspx for RMS hardware and software requirements. 
    Hope that helps,
    Lutz

  • Windows Internal Database on Windows Server 2012 - How can I find out what role or feature is using it?

    We have setup many roles and features and apparently one of them is using the Windows Internal Database (WID). We have had some events logged for WID and need to troubleshoot them. But we are not sure which role/feature is using it. How can I find
    this out?

    Hi,
    Several components of Windows Server 2008 and 2012 use Windows Internal Database for their data storage: Active Directory Rights Management Services, Windows System Resource Manager, UDDI Services, Active Directory Federation Services 2.0, IPAM and Windows
    SharePoint Services.
    Which role did you setup or what is the error message did you received?
    Regards.
    Vivian Wang

  • ACS External DB - Windows WORKGROUB

    Hi,
    Is it possible to integrate ACS 4.0 SE with external Windows NT WORKGROUB?
    Regards,
    Haitham

    Hi Friend,
    You can certainly integrate the ACS with you windows domain database.
    All you need to do id install the remote agent and do the necessary configuration on the ACS.
    Check out these link for configuration details
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/secursw/ps5338/products_installation_and_configuration_guide_chapter09186a0080193aa0.html
    http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/access/acs_soft/csacsapp/csapp33/user/d.htm#wp37518
    HTH, rate if it does
    Narayan

  • Legacy Profile on ACS Unix migrate to ACS 4.2 windows using TACACS+ av-pair

    Hello
    I'm migrating on ACS Unix 2.x ver to ACS 4.2 windows
    we only use TACACS+ protocol
    ACS Unix managed the profile   such as
    group LANadmins{
    service=shell {
    cmd=interface{
    permit "Ethernet *"
    deny "Serial *"
    cmd=aaa{
    deny ".*"
    cmd=tacacs-server{
    deny ".*"
    default cmd=permit
    those things. 
    So, I' guessing That above syntex is similar to TACACS+ av-pairs
    and I found TACACS+ av-pairs list. but I couldn't find out examples .
    those are only shown the List   and no examples.
    Does anybody help me ?
    Thanks

    I've been researching the differences between 4.2 and 5.4. There is a fundemental difference in the two. In my research, I have not found anything that Cisco indicates that log files can be imported. Because ACS 5.4 has it's own robust logging and database viewing tools, I'm leaning towards no. But I cannot give a definitive answer on this, sorry. Just know that I've read for several hours, and have not seen anything that talks about the importation of logging files. You can import users, mac addresses, etc. This may be something someone knows and will post eventually; probably need to call "The Cisco" and get a quicker answer.

  • Database access using windows authentication

    We are updating our Applications to use single sign on and are running into a problem with database access. We are using CF11 Enterprise and SQL Server 2008 on IIS 7.5.
    We have set up the ColdFusion Application Service to run under an AD service account and have created the data sources in CFAdmin leaving the username and password blank. The data sources verify and all seems good. The problem comes when running a query. The credential passed to the database is the service account and not the windows authenticated user. As such the query fails. What are we missing to get CF to pass the Windows Authenticated user credential instead of the service account?
    Thanks
    Tim

    ColdFusion does not pass user's credentials to the database connections by default, and cannot pass Windows Authentication credentials that way.  It only sends the service account's credentials (if you leave username/password blank as you have done).  The only way to pass user credentials is to put them into the individual query calls themselves, and even then you can't pass Windows Authentication credentials.  You would have to use SQL Server Logins, and create accounts for each user.
    I think most people are using either a dedicated SQL Server login for ColdFusion and run all queries under that account, or they do as you have already done and use Windows Authentication along with the ColdFusion service account.  If you need an audit trail, then pass usernames into the insert/update queries and store them manually along with the other data you are inserting/updating.
    -Carl V.

  • Where should be the file of database if i use windows version of oracle

    hello
    where should be placed the file of database if i use windows version of oracle ?
    will be there some special partion for dadtabase file ?
    10x

    user10860289 wrote:
    i thin the database shoud has own file
    in interbase this file is name_of_db.gdb
    i seatch for such database file in oracle ? And why would you expect Oracle to have the same file(s) as some other product?
    Oracle implements it's databases with multiple data files, not just one. And that's in addition to all of the various files that make up the software, apart from any databases.
    You definately do not want to put the database files under ORACLE_HOME. If you have any choice at all, I wouldn't even want them on the same partition. A default installation and db creation may try to put them there simply because that is the one directory structure oracle can count on being there. But that is one default that is far from best practice.
    The minimum partition configuration I'd want for a Windows server hosting an Oracle database is ....
    c:\ - operating system only
    d:\ - Oracle home, admin, and one set of all duplexed files (control, redo)
    e:\ - all other database files
    For the 'sandbox' setup on my personal laptop, where I only have a c: drive, I still break it out ...
    c:\oracle\app\product\10.2.0 <-- Oracle Home
    c:\ora1\mysid\ <--- some data files
    c:\ora2\mysid\ <--- some data files
    c:\ora3\mysid\ <--- some data files
    Take a look at this: http://download.oracle.com/docs/html/A97297_01/appg_ofa.htm
    It is out of the 9i docs, and is directed to unix, but if you will read and understand the principles it is a good guide even for Windows. You can also google "optimal flexible architecture" and get lot's of other docs.
    I dare say that at this point It would be a good investment in your career to go to tahiti.oracle.com. Drill down to your product and version. There you will find the complete doc library.
    You should spend a few minutes just getting familiar with what kind of documentation is available there by simply browsing the titles under the "Books" tab.
    Open the Reference Manual and spend a few minutes looking through the table of contents to get familiar with what kind of information is available there. Learning where to look things up in the documentation is time well spent on your career.
    Read the 2-Day DBA manual cover to cover.
    Notice the 'search' function at that site.
    Then set yourself a plan to dig deeper.
    - Read a chapter a day from the Concepts Manual.
    - Look in your alert log and find all the non-default initialization parms listed at instance startup. Then read up on each one of them in the Reference Manual. Take a look at your listener.ora, tnsnames.ora, and sqlnet.ora files, then look up what you see there in the network administrators manual.
    Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Teach a man to fish and he eats for a lifetime.
    Am I wrong ?

  • When I click on a link I get sent to a bunch of other sites and the problem doesn't occur when I use windows internet browser.

    When I click on a link, whether e-mail, yahoo or other search engines, E-bay, Amazon, etc. I get sent to another site. If I click back and then re-click on the original site I get sent to where I wanted to be. While I am browsing on a web page of any of the above, or other sites, I sometimes get a voice ad or possibly a video, but I can't locate it or turn it off. This does not happen when I use windows internet, or it's Google chrome internet, only with Firefox. I have used Ad aware, and Mal-bytes anti-virus but they come up blank.

    Do a malware check with some malware scanning programs on the Windows computer.<br />
    You need to scan with all programs because each program detects different malware.<br />
    Make sure that you update each program to get the latest version of their databases before doing a scan.
    *http://www.malwarebytes.org/mbam.php - Malwarebytes' Anti-Malware
    *http://www.superantispyware.com/ - SuperAntispyware
    *http://www.microsoft.com/security/scanner/en-us/default.aspx - Microsoft Safety Scanner
    *http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/defender/default.mspx - Windows Defender: Home Page
    *http://www.safer-networking.org/en/index.html - Spybot Search & Destroy
    You can also do a check for a rootkit infection with TDSSKiller.
    *http://support.kaspersky.com/viruses/solutions?qid=208280684
    See also:
    *"Spyware on Windows": http://kb.mozillazine.org/Popups_not_blocked

  • How to copy Palm Desktop data to a PC using Windows 8.1

    If like me you still find the Palm Desktop data (address, calendar, memos, etc.) handy and use it long after throwing away the handset and "sync" ability, you may find this useful.  I bought a new PC using Windows 8.1 and had problems transferring data because of a wrinkle that I figured out, which didn't exist in Windows XP, Vista or 7 versions.  Here's a recap of one way to easily transfer data from those earlier versions if you have a USB flash drive (or Dropbox, Google Drive, whatever) handy :
    1) Download Palm Desktop 6.2 or 6.2.2 to your new PC.  Then give a user name exactly as it exists in your old PC's database.  This name will be used by Desktop software to create a six letter folder name (an abbreviated version of your name) to hold data that Palm Desktop will look up.  Wait a few seconds for this to happen, then close the Desktop application on your new PC.
    2) In your old PC from where you want to transfer data, look for the folder called "Palm OS Desktop" which should exist in "Documents" under "Users" folder and subfolders path like >your name subfolder>Documents in Windows 7 (may be Vista too) or may be under "Documents and Setting" folder in Windows XP. 
    3) In this folder "Palm OS Desktop" look for that six letter subfolder of your name, and select that entire subfolder and choose "Copy" or Ctrl-C
    4) Locate the same subfolder name in your new PC (which will have null data), delete it, and then "paste" the subfolder you "copied" into the same exact location.  If you've done it right, Viola!  Your new PC desktop should show all the transferred data once you again open the application.
    Most of the same procedure works with Windows 8.1 (probably also Windows 8) PCs.  What I found different was that the data subfolder created under "Palm OS Desktop} had 7 instead of 6 characters with a "0" (zero) added as the last character.  So when you finally copy and paste that subfolder into the new PC you have to rename it and add that "0" for the Palm Desktop to locate this data.
    Hope this helps.
    This question was solved.
    View Solution.

    To turn off UAC, go to the Control Panel, then User Accounts.
    Under the header, "Make changes to your user account", there is an entry titled "Change User Account Control Settings".
    Pick it, and drag the slider all the way down to "Never Notify".
    Access of Japan is the company Palm hired to write Palm Desktop 6.2.2.  
    WyreNut
    I am a Volunteer here, not employed by HP.
    You too can become an HP Expert! Details HERE!
    If my post has helped you, click the Kudos Thumbs up!
    If it solved your issue, Click the "Accept as Solution" button so others can benefit from the question you asked!

  • How can I use an Express database build with RAA in Express Objects???

    Hello, everybody!
    I have installed Express Server and Client on my computer. I've build an Express database With Relational Access Manager mapping data from an Oracle database.
    Now I want to use this express database in Oracle Express Objects.
    I understand that an express database build with understand can be used by defining a connection to Express Server and using the option Relational Access Manager Connection.
    But, I didn't understand the settings of this option. I open the settings window and there it is :
    - the MASTER DATABASE Box where I have to write the name of the CUBE from the express database build with understand?
    - the RDC File Box : what do I have to write here? I've read the HELP but I didn't understood. There is no file with the RDC extension in my computer.
    Thank you for your help!
    Anca.
    [email protected]

    you can extend it, very easly, with an Airport Express.
    once you connect the AExpress, on the App Airport Utility, in Wireless tab choose to "Extent a Network", you will be able to select your Network enter your Network Password and it is done
    i have 2 AExpress to extend my signal and also to Airplay to Remote Speakers and works perfectly
    good luck

  • Potential Windows Update database error detected 0x80070490

    This is the response I get when I run the Windows update troubleshooter from the Windows 8.1 Action Center.  If I click next it reports the errors have been fixed.  However if I run it again it reports exactly the same errors.
    After searching the Internet I have found that several users have reported having this issue.  As result of the aforementioned search I have tried the following:
    1) Run the Fixit tool for Windows 8.1 located at:
    http://support.microsoft.com/kb/971058/en-us.
    2) Run the System Update Readiness commands: DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Scanhealth and DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth located at:
    http://support.microsoft.com/kb/947821/en-us.
    3) Saved contents of C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 to a temp folder and then deleted contents of C:\Windows\System32\catroot2.
    4)Renamed C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution to C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution.old
    5) Restarted Windows 8.1.
    6) Verified that C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 and that C:Windows\SoftwareDistribution folders had been rebuilt.
    7) I then ran the Windows update troubleshooter from the Window 8.1 Action Center again and got the same response as listed above. The errors still exist and are not fixed.
    8) Finally, I downloaded Windows 8.1 Enterprise Evaluation and I did a completely new clean install of Windows 8.1 and without installing anything else (no updates, no software, no antivirus) the above errors appeared within minutes after connecting
    to the internet.  I checked using the Windows update troubleshooter several times before connecting to the Internet and each time no problems were found, but shortly after I connected the above errors are shown to exists.
    Any suggestions that will help fix this issue will be of great help.

    Did anyone ever find an actual fix for this problem?  I have a very similar problem.  I have gone through the same steps for fixing my issues with getting a message of problems found every time I run the Windows Update troubleshooter.  It
    continually finds what it says are Potential Windows Update Database error detected 0x800700D and says they are fixed, along with another message saying Windows Update components must be repaired and it says they are fixed as well.  However, each time
    I run the troubleshooter it finds the same issues.  I have no problems running Windows Update under Windows 8.1 and them all installing without issue, yet I can't download or update ANY apps within the MS store and like the problem above, when it looks
    for my apps it says it's having problems finding them and to try later.  If I try to download even a free app, I get an error message that something happened and your purchase can't be completed. Error code: 0x80096004.
    I have dug through everything I can find on this error message and tried changing my sign in on my laptop to a local account, created a new MS account to access the store and continue to get the same error message.  I have tried it with my Kaspersky
    Internet Security 2015 turned completely off.  I've also ran SFC scannow and there are no errors and have ran DISM which found a problem but says it was fixed.  After running it again, there were no errors.  I have no other problems with anything
    else (that I know of on my machine).  It is an Asus Q400A and came with Windows 8.0.  I ran all the updates and then upgraded to 8.1 through the MS store without issue.  I have installed all updates since upgrading to 8.1 and have absolutely
    no problem running ANY updates, but can't seem to access the store no matter what I try.
    If anyone has found a solution to this I'd appreciate your input.  Hard to believe MS would put out a product that has such a basic problem that has affected so many users and can't seem to come up with some resolution that doesn't require registry
    editing, running commands from elevated command prompts, and a CS degree to resolve--there are soooo many issues online regarding this kind of error and others related to running SFC and DISM...most ending up in their ultimate default answer....renew or reinstall
    Windows and all the updates....which still doesn't resolve the problem for many!  I've always been a PC guy, but I'm starting to like the MacBook Pro I picked for work related reasons with great hesitation.  I've wasted more time chasing this issue
    down than I all the time I've spent actually using the Mac without even a hitch!
    Thx in advance for any feedback....please no MAC blasting....at this point, it would be not well received!!

  • I know that how to convert any documents to pdf file, but don't know how to get barcode on it. I am using windows 8.1. and want to see barcode on my documents before the print. Please help.

    I know that how to convert any documents to pdf file, but don't know how to get barcode on it. I am using windows 8.1. and want to see barcode on my documents before the print. Please help.

    Hi Frank ,
    Please refer to the following link and see if this helps.
    https://helpx.adobe.com/acrobat/kb/error-organizer-database-damaged-reset-1.html
    Regards
    Sukrit Dhingra

  • Out of memory using Windows Server 2003 and Oracle 9.2.0.3

    Hi,
    I just installed both Windows Server 2003 and Oracle 9.2.0.3. The server I am using has 4 gigabytes of memory installed, and windows shows that to be the actual physical memory on the server. The paging file is 8 gigabytes for a total of 12 gigabytes of virtual memory.
    Using the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, I create a new database using default values. After verifying the installation worked OK (database started, queries ran), I attempted to change some of the memory parameters and was able to start the database using about 1.4 gigabytes of total SGA, with the O/S using about .3 gigabytes for a total of 1.7 gigabytes. I then attempted to change the buffer cache + 1 gigabyte for a total of 2 gigabytes. Now the database will not start and I get an out of memory error ora-27102 with an additional O/S memory error of "O/S Error: (OS 8) Not enough storage is available to process this command".
    So, I have two problems:
    1) With 4 gigabytes installed, and the O/S using only about 300 megabytes, why isn't Oracle able to take advantage of the memory on this machine past the 1.7 gigabytes (as reported by Windows task manager).
    2) How do I change the spfile memory parameters so the database will start using spfile? I can start the database pointing to a pfile with lesser memory parameters, but I don't know how to effect change on the spfile, since I cannot start with the spfile.
    Both these technologies (9.2.0.3 and Server 2003) are new to me, so any insight would be appreciated!
    HERE ARE THE SPFILE PARAMETERS THAT WORKED:
    SGA (M)
    Shared Pool=104
    Buffer Cache=960 ***
    Large Pool=0
    Java Pool=64
    Total SGA=1128
    SGA Max Size=1321
    Aggregate PGA Target=1500
    Current PGA Allocated=22868KB
    WINDOWS MEMORY INFO FROM TASK MANAGER SHOW:
    PF Usage=1.66GB
    Physical Memory (K)
    Total=4062704
    Available=3203460
    System Cache=2499096
    Commit Charge (K)
    Total=1748184
    Limit=12288628
    Peak=1925276
    *** When I change this to 2048 the database did not start.
    Thank you.

    CREATE SPFILE
    Purpose
    Use the CREATE SPFILE statement to create a server parameter file from a client-side initialization parameter file. Server parameter files are binary files that exist only on the server and are called from client locations to start up the database.
    Server parameter files let you make persistent changes to individual parameters. When you use a server parameter file, you can specify in an ALTER SYSTEM SET parameter statement that the new parameter value should be persistent. This means that the new value applies not only in the current instance, but also to any instances that are started up subsequently. Traditional client-side parameter files do not let you make persistent changes to parameter values. Because they are located on the server, these files allow for automatic database tuning by Oracle and for backup by Recovery Manager (RMAN).
    To use a server parameter file when starting up the database, you must create it from a traditional text initialization parameter file using the CREATE SPFILE statement.
    All instances in an Real Application Clusters environment must use the same server parameter file. However, when otherwise permitted, individual instances can have different settings of the same parameter within this one file. Instance-specific parameter definitions are specified as SID.parameter = value, where SID is the instance identifier.
    The method of starting up the database with a server parameter file depends on whether you create a default or nondefault server parameter file. Please refer to "Creating a Server Parameter File: Examples" for examples of how to use server parameter files.
    See Also:
    CREATE PFILE for information on creating a regular text parameter file from a binary server parameter file
    Oracle9i Database Administrator's Guide for information on pre-Oracle9i initialization parameter files and Oracle9i server parameter files
    Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Administration for information on using server parameter files in a Real Application Clusters environment
    Prerequisites
    You must have the SYSDBA or the SYSOPER system privilege to execute this statement. You can execute this statement before or after instance startup. However, if you have already started an instance using spfile_name, you cannot specify the same spfile_name in this statement.
    Syntax
    create_spfile::=
    Text description of create_spfile
    Semantics
    spfile_name
    This clause lets you specify a name for the server parameter file you are creating.
    If you do not specify spfile_name, Oracle uses the platform-specific default server parameter filename. If spfile_name already exists on the server, this statement will overwrite it. When using a default server parameter file, you start up the database without referring to the file by name.
    If you do specify spfile_name, you are creating a nondefault server parameter file. In this case, to start up the database, you must first create a single-line traditional parameter file that points to the server parameter file, and then name the single-line file in your STARTUP command.
    See Also:
    "Creating a Server Parameter File: Examples" for information on starting up the database with default and nondefault server parameter files
    Oracle9i Database Administrator's Guide for Windows (or other appropriate operating system specific documentation) for default parameter file names
    pfile_name
    Specify the traditional initialization parameter file from which you want to create a server parameter file.
    If you specify pfile_name, the parameter file must reside on the server. If it does not reside in the default directory for parameter files on your operating system, you must specify the full path.
    If you do not specify pfile_name, Oracle looks in the default directory for parameter files on your operating system for the default parameter filename, and uses that file. If that file does not exist in the expected directory, Oracle returns an error.
    Note:
    In a Real Application Clusters environment, you must first combine all instance parameter files into one file before specifying it in this statement to create a server parameter file. For information on accomplishing this step, see Oracle9i Real Application Clusters Setup and Configuration.
    Examples
    Creating a Server Parameter File: Examples
    The following example creates a default server parameter file from a client initialization parameter file named t_init1.ora:
    CREATE SPFILE
    FROM PFILE = '$ORACLE_HOME/work/t_init1.ora';
    Note:
    Typically you will need to specify the full path and filename for parameter files on your operating system. Please refer to your Oracle operating system documentation for path information.
    When you create a default server parameter file, you subsequently start up the database using that server parameter file by using the SQL*Plus command STARTUP without the PFILE parameter, as follows:
    STARTUP
    The following example creates a nondefault server parameter file s_params.ora from a client initialization file named t_init1.ora:
    CREATE SPFILE = 's_params.ora'
    FROM PFILE = '$ORACLE_HOME/work/t_init1.ora';
    When you create a nondefault server parameter file, you subsequently start up the database by first creating a traditional parameter file containing the following single line:
    spfile = 's_params.ora'
    The name of this parameter file must comply with the naming conventions of your operating system. You then use the single-line parameter file in the STARTUP command. The following example shows how to start up the database, assuming that the single-line parameter file is named new_param.ora:
    STARTUP PFILE=new_param.ora
    http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96540/statements_616a.htm#SQLRF01315
    Joel P�rez

  • Installing OEM Grid Control on Solaris Sparc using an existing database

    During installing OEM 10g on Solaris, after select "using an existing database" the connect string for database (host:port:sid) never is solicited and the path for datafiles neither, then the installation cancel.
    On Windows, this type of installation in the same version work fine!
    1_ How I do to install OEM 10g on Solaris using an existing db?
    Tx,
    Diego.

    Have you installed the Management Agent for the target database?

  • Use of existing database

    I have a database created on disk1 disk2 disk3.
    I detach the disks from the original server and attach them to a second server.
    I want to install the DB software on this server, but use the existing database.
    I tried to install with the option "software only", but couldn't find anywhere how to present the existing DB to the server.
    BTW, the OCR and voting disks are on different disks.
    Thanks in advance!
    P.S. It may be very simple, but I never did that and couldn't find documentation about it.

    fred11gr2 wrote:
    It should not matter the OS. It's a general issue about what Oracle tool to use to accomplish that.Yes and no. There are differences in what needs to be done to manually create an instance.
    For instance, on Windows, you need to use oradim to create a service for the instance, and this isn't necessary on unix/linux.
    But if you're looking for a conceptual answer, more than a steb-by-step instruction, you're right, it doesn't matter what os you're on.
    Brgds
    Johan

Maybe you are looking for

  • Mac Pro keeps freezing & no longer Shuts Down properly

    Hya. Im using a Mac Pro in work (Mac Os 10.5.8. with 2.66 GHz Quad-Core Intel Xeon) . One day while doing a "Save as" in a program, the program froze/became unresponsive. In the Force Quit tab, it says "not responding", so i click force quit on it. I

  • What connector do I need to attach the MacBook Pro to a projector?

    What connector do I need to connect my MacBook Pro to a projector for a Presentation?

  • ORA-12154 Error - NET8 Connection Tester Works Though

    I have copied over a tnsnames.ora file from another machine I know that works fine. It has one Oracle home. When I try to connect via SQLPlus or Oracle DBA studio, I get told that it cannot resolve the service name and the ORA-12154 error. However, w

  • How to flip a flash animation?

    Hi, Is is possible to play a flash animation flipped (horizontally mirrored), when embed on a HTML page? If so, how can I do this, in IE? Thanks.

  • Problems Installing Camera Raw

    Hi, I had to re-install PS3 and Bridge earlier this week and had to download the Camera Raw and DNG convertor to deal with my D300. I can view RAW files in Bridge and edit them in PS3 but will not let me open them in Camera Raw or apply camera raw se