Available swap space problem in solaris 10

Dear All,
Currently I am facing a most interesting problem regarding swap space.
We have assigned mirrored slice swap space with 20G size. But when we are asking for swap space it is only showing around 2GB.
1. Please have the swap area:
root@palash # swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/md/dsk/d1 85,1 16 41945456 35002784
root@palash # swap -s
total: 53562072k bytes allocated + 5689008k reserved = 59251080k used, 615704k available
2. Please have the metastat output:
root@palash # metastat d1
d1: Mirror
Submirror 0: d11
State: Okay
Submirror 1: d21
State: Okay
Pass: 1
Read option: roundrobin (default)
Write option: parallel (default)
Size: 41945472 blocks (20 GB)
d11: Submirror of d1
State: Okay
Size: 41945472 blocks (20 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t0d0s1 0 No Okay Yes
d21: Submirror of d1
State: Okay
Size: 41945472 blocks (20 GB)
Stripe 0:
Device Start Block Dbase State Reloc Hot Spare
c0t1d0s1 0 No Okay Yes
3. Here is /etc/vfstab entry for swap:
/dev/md/dsk/d1 - - swap - no -
4. But when we checked swap space using df command:
root@palash # df -h
Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/md/dsk/d0 18G 7.7G 9.9G 44% /
/devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices
ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract
proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc
mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab
swap                   1.7G   1.7M   1.7G     1%    /etc/svc/volatile
objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object
sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/libc_psr/libc_psr_hwcap1.so.1
18G 7.7G 9.9G 44% /platform/sun4u-us3/lib/libc_psr.so.1
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr/libc_psr_hwcap1.so.1
18G 7.7G 9.9G 44% /platform/sun4u-us3/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr.so.1
fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd
swap 1.7G 184K 1.7G 1% /tmp
swap 1.7G 64K 1.7G 1% /var/run
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s4 20G 20M 19G 1% /redo2
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s1 276G 223G 50G 82% /oradata2
/dev/dsk/c3t40d0s3 195G 198M 193G 1% /restore
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s0 276G 216G 57G 80% /oradata1
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s5 59G 60M 58G 1% /system1
/dev/dsk/c3t40d0s0 276G 220G 53G 81% /index1
/dev/md/dsk/d3 30G 24G 5.7G 81% /oracle
/dev/dsk/c3t40d0s1 197G 53G 142G 28% /archive1
/dev/dsk/c2t40d0s3 20G 20M 19G 1% /redo1
/vol/dev/dsk/c0t6d0/disk1
0K 0K 0K 0% /cdrom/disk1
Please help me to indentify the reason.

918597 wrote:
Hello,
Thanks for your reply.
But I am not clear about your findings as we have around 64GB physical RAM in my machine.
My question is that if we mount 20GB swap partition, then how we can see this is around less than 2 GB in df -h command.
And even in swap -s command, this is showing same problem.
What might be reason behind this????
//PalashWell no-one else has anwered ... so its back to me.....
Hmmm ... i would use the word observations rather than findings .... I am not on an old root explotation expedition all over our server .. merely observing on the morsels you show me ....
Please be aware I may not be totally technically correct or be using right terminology on what follows so I welcome corrections ....
Your machine has 64GB Memory, and a 20 GB swap file, therefore has the ability up to support 84GB total (Virtual) Memory ofr it's processes/buffers.
The reason little swap is free (let us say 2GB ... thoug it may be 600m) is theat processes/buffers have a virutal memory requirement of 84GB-2GB = 82Gb.
... So rather than wondering about how come 2GB is left, start thinking about ow 82GB is being used.
...... Particularly with databases oracle RDBMS; mysql etc a big influencing factor can be how much memory is allocated its memory structures.
.......... And a DBA may set these extremely high (memory_max / innodb-buffer-pool-size etc etc).
ps -ef will show the (virtual) 'size' for individual processes
prstat -a may help show what is going on (but may double account some things):
ipcs -a would show the allocation for the oracle RDBMS memory_area,
echo ::memstat | mdb -k ### may help ... but i have seen accounts of it taking ages to run.
I'd also check kstat zfs ... but your not using zfs so no need to bother.
.... You may need to show some evidence of how your applications are consuming virutal memory for someone to help you futher ... but if you do htis who may answer your own quesiton.

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                  Logical reads:              4,946.83                165.34
                  Block changes:                257.73                  8.61
                 Physical reads:              1,267.50                 42.36
                Physical writes:                 72.44                  2.42
                     User calls:                385.83                 12.90
                         Parses:                 84.22                  2.81
                    Hard parses:                  0.04                  0.00
                          Sorts:                 10.53                  0.35
                         Logons:                  0.14                  0.00
                       Executes:                211.35                  7.06
                   Transactions:                 29.92
      % Blocks changed per Read:    5.21    Recursive Call %:    13.56
    Rollback per transaction %:    0.29       Rows per Sort:    94.72
    Top 5 Timed Events
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                        % Total
    Event                                 Waits    Time (s)   DB Time     Wait Class
    row cache lock                       16,498      45,001     43.44    Concurrency
    log file switch (checkpoint in       30,766      30,281     29.23  Configuration
    db file sequential read           2,873,716      10,796     10.42       User I/O
    buffer busy waits                     8,870       8,718      8.42    Concurrency
    db file parallel write                  421       3,848      3.71     System I/O
              -------------------------------------------------------------On increasing the swap space, and restarting the instance, the system was normal.
    Now why does oracle use up all the swap space and what can be the workaround to avoid this in future?

    Verma wrote:
    Using Oracle 10gR1, Solaris 9.
    swap space is 16gOracle 10gR2 swap space recommendations are:
    - 1 GB - 2 GB = 1.5 times the size of RAM
    - 2 GB - 8 GB = equal to the size of RAM
    - Greater than 8GB = 0.75 times the size of RAM
    Currently we have a issue of swap space getting used up nearly 100%. The system was out of memory and can't run any applicationThat is unusual and should not be happening when you have what seems to be an excess of memory available. This could mean some kind of bug (memory leakage for example), or it could mean plain old fashion abuse of memory. Like PL/SQL code that attempts to bulk fetch a few million rows from the database with a single go.
    On checking Metalink note, it said its an unhandled Oracle exception; have to increase the swap space.Wrong IMO (unless you were not following the recommended swap size factor). If you have have a giant swap area..moving the wall a few meters away (by increasing swap) will only enable you to run faster into it - I doubt that this is the intent of that Metalink note.
    On increasing the swap space, and restarting the instance, the system was normal.
    Now why does oracle use up all the swap space and what can be the workaround to avoid this in future?Oracle only use what is needed to perform the client requests that it receives. If the client request a mountain of data to be moved/processed, Oracle will try to oblige. If that mountain topples and crushes server resources, it is not Oracle that is to blame for trying to do exactly what was requested from it.

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