Best (Thrifty) physical architecture for medium-size environment?

What is the absolute best physical architecture you would come up with for this medium size environment?

Thrifty? The SharePoint CALs alone will run you at least $1.5 million unless you already own these or have a good EA. You said "basic collaboration" so I'm assuming you don't also need Enterprise CALs though note some of the features you listed
could require enterprise licensing depending on how you're using them.
The information you haven't provided isn't enough to make an appropriate recommendation. While you have 10,000 users it's not clear how many concurrent users you expect, or what sort of workloads these users will have.
Are the users all in one location? Spread out geographically? What types of network connections? Why types of networking devices (such as a load balancer for your second option)
Is this virtual or physical? What are the hardware specs of the servers?
How many documents do you expect to have? How large will they be? What sort of storage is backing this farm? How many site collections, sites, lists, libraries, items do you expect? Workflows, third party solutions, customizations, etc. The list goes on.
Neither of these options provide high availability. Is this a concern for you? I ask because in my experience a SharePoint farm used by over 10,000 people needs to be highly available. If you need HA then you'll need more servers.
Honestly this forum isn't the best place to get the information you're looking for (i.e. an architectural design). Instead I recommend asking specific questions about specific problems you have with your design.
My question(s) then for you are: 1. Why are these the two designs you have? (in another way: What are the decisions and requirements you have that led you to these options) and 2. What is the challenge you're having in picking one of them?
Jason Warren
@jaspnwarren
jasonwarren.ca
habaneroconsulting.com/Insights

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