Cannot use super(msg) in asbstract class constructor!!

Hi, I'm getting compiling errors (compiler says I must
call super first thing I do from constructor, which is
exactly what I'm doing!) when trying to call
super(String msg) from my subclass constructor.
Superclass is abstract and subclasses Exception, on
which I also want to call super(msg), to initialize
the Exception class with a String message.
What is wromg ? Please any help in resolving this
issue will be highly appreciated...
/Alcoolio
abstract class SuperExceptionClass extends Exception{
void SuperClass(String msg){
super(msg);
void someCoolCommonMethod(){
//dostuff...
class SubExceptionClass1 extends SuperClass{
void SubClass(String msg){
super(msg);
}First:
Constructor cannot have a return type. Not even void
Second:
Constructor should have same name as the class name. Otherwise it is a function. You can user "super()" only in constructor (although you could do super.xxx / super.xxx() in methods ).
abstract class SuperClass extends Exception{
SuperClass(String msg){ // change this
super(msg);
void someCoolCommonMethod(){
//dostuff...
class SubClass extends SuperClass{
SubClass(String msg){
super(msg);
}

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Hello All,
I'm getting below error while trying to add the two extended ACL in the class-map for classifying the traffic. Is there any way I can add two extenteded ACL in the same class-map for classifying the traffic.
Error log: "QoS: Multiple acl entries cannot be used in match-any in class Tag_AF13"
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Hi Rajan,
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Thats the reason multiple ACL's aren't allowed by the IOS.
You can try to collate both ACL's and put them in just one ACL that should work well. If you need help please pots both the ACL's.
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~

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Why do we use super when there is no superclass?

Hello,
I have a question about the word "super " and the constructor. I have read about super and the constructor but there is somethong that I do not understand.
In the example that I am studying there is a constructor calles " public MultiListener()" and there you can see " super" to use a constructor from a superclass. But there is no superclass. Why does super mean here?
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
public class MultiListener extends JPanel
                           implements ActionListener {
    JTextArea topTextArea;
    JTextArea bottomTextArea;
    JButton button1, button2;
    final static String newline = "\n";
    public MultiListener() {
        super(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagLayout gridbag = (GridBagLayout)getLayout();
        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        JLabel l = null;
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        l = new JLabel("What MultiListener hears:");
        gridbag.setConstraints(l, c);
        add(l);
        c.weighty = 1.0;
        topTextArea = new JTextArea();
        topTextArea.setEditable(false);
        JScrollPane topScrollPane = new JScrollPane(topTextArea);
        Dimension preferredSize = new Dimension(200, 75);
        topScrollPane.setPreferredSize(preferredSize);
        gridbag.setConstraints(topScrollPane, c);
        add(topScrollPane);
        c.weightx = 0.0;
        c.weighty = 0.0;
        l = new JLabel("What Eavesdropper hears:");
        gridbag.setConstraints(l, c);
        add(l);
        c.weighty = 1.0;
        bottomTextArea = new JTextArea();
        bottomTextArea.setEditable(false);
        JScrollPane bottomScrollPane = new JScrollPane(bottomTextArea);
        bottomScrollPane.setPreferredSize(preferredSize);
        gridbag.setConstraints(bottomScrollPane, c);
        add(bottomScrollPane);
        c.weightx = 1.0;
        c.weighty = 0.0;
        c.gridwidth = 1;
        c.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 0, 10);
        button1 = new JButton("Blah blah blah");
        gridbag.setConstraints(button1, c);
        add(button1);
        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        button2 = new JButton("You don't say!");
        gridbag.setConstraints(button2, c);
        add(button2);
        button1.addActionListener(this);
        button2.addActionListener(this);
        button2.addActionListener(new Eavesdropper(bottomTextArea));
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(450, 450));
        setBorder(BorderFactory.createCompoundBorder(
                                BorderFactory.createMatteBorder(
                                                1,1,2,2,Color.black),
                                BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5,5,5,5)));
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        topTextArea.append(e.getActionCommand() + newline);
        topTextArea.setCaretPosition(topTextArea.getDocument().getLength());
     * Create the GUI and show it. For thread safety,
     * this method should be invoked from the
     * event-dispatching thread.
    private static void createAndShowGUI() {
        //Create and set up the window.
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("MultiListener");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //Create and set up the content pane.
        JComponent newContentPane = new MultiListener();
        newContentPane.setOpaque(true); //content panes must be opaque
        frame.setContentPane(newContentPane);
        //Display the window.
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Schedule a job for the event-dispatching thread:
        //creating and showing this application's GUI.
        javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                createAndShowGUI();
}

OP wrote:
>
Isn't that simplier to use the constructor instead of using "super"? I mean using the constructor jpanel () ?
>
You can't call the super class constructor directly if you are trying to construct the sub-class. When you call it directly it will construct an instance of the super class but that instance will NOT be an integral part of the 'MultiListener' sub class you are trying to create.
So since 'MultiListener' extends JPanel if you call the JPanel constructor directly (not using super) your code constructing a new instance of JPanel but that instance will not be an ancestor of your class that extends JPanel. In fact that constructor call will not execute until AFTER the default call to 'super' that will be made without you even knowing it.
A 'super' call is ALWAYS made to the super class even if your code doesn't have an explicit call. If your code did not include the line:
super(new GridBagLayout()); Java would automatically call the public default super class constructor just as if you had written:
super();If the sub class cannot access a constructor in the super class (e.g. the super class constructor is 'private') your code won't compile.

More:Could u pls complete the following code by adding a class constructor?

Thank you for your concern about my post. Actually it is an exercise in book "Thinking in Java, 2nd edition, Revision 12" chapter 8. The exercise is described as below:
Create a class with an inner class that has a nondefault constructor. Create a second class with an inner class that inherits from the first inner class.
And I make some changes for the above exercise requiring the class which encloses the first inner class has a nondefault constructor.
There is something related to this topic in chapter 8 picked out for reference as below:
Inheriting from inner classes
Because the inner class constructor must attach to a reference of the enclosing class object, things are slightly complicated when you inherit from an inner class. The problem is that the �secret?reference to the enclosing class object must be initialized, and yet in the derived class there�s no longer a default object to attach to. The answer is to use a syntax provided to make the association explicit:
//: c08:InheritInner.java
// Inheriting an inner class.
class WithInner {
class Inner {}
public class InheritInner
extends WithInner.Inner {
//! InheritInner() {} // Won't compile
InheritInner(WithInner wi) {
wi.super();
public static void main(String[] args) {
WithInner wi = new WithInner();
InheritInner ii = new InheritInner(wi);
} ///:~
You can see that InheritInner is extending only the inner class, not the outer one. But when it comes time to create a constructor, the default one is no good and you can�t just pass a reference to an enclosing object. In addition, you must use the syntax
enclosingClassReference.super();
inside the constructor. This provides the necessary reference and the program will then compile.
My previous post is shown below, could you help me out?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
//Could you please help me complete the following code by generating
// the Test class constructor to ensure error free compilation? Please
// keep the constructor simple just to fulfill its basic functionality
// and leave the uncommented part untouched.
class Outer {
Outer (int i) {
System.out.println("Outer is " + i);
class Inner {
int i;
Inner (int i) {
this.i = i;
void prt () {
System.out.println("Inner is " + i);
public class Test extends Outer.Inner {
// Test Constructor
// is implemented
// here.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Test(Outer o, int i) {
o.super(i);
}Note that this doesn't quite answer the question from Thinking In Java, since your Test class is not an inner class (though there is no difference to the constructor requirements if you do make it an inner class).

Problem using repaint() method from another class

I am trying to make tower of hanoi...but unable to transfer rings from a tower to another...i had made three classes....layout21 where all componentents of frame assembled and provided suitable actionlistener.....second is mainPanel which is used to draw the rods n rings in paintComponent.....and third is tower in which code for hanoi is available...i had made an object of mainPanel at layoout21 n tower but i m not able to call repaint from tower..gives an error : cannot find the symbol....method repaint in tower.
code fragments od three classes are:
LAYOUT21
class layout21 extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{ private Vector rod1 = new Vector();
private Vector rod2 = new Vector();
private Vector rod3 = new Vector();
private String elem; //comment
public String r22;
public boolean in=false;
public int count=0; //no of times the transfer to other rods performed
private int r3,rings; // current no of rings
private JComboBox nor,col;
private JLabel no;
private JLabel moved;
private JLabel no1;
private JButton start;
private JButton ref;
private AboutDialog dialog;
private JMenuItem aboutItem;
private JMenuItem exitItem;
private tower t;
final mainPanel2 p =new mainPanel2();
public layout21()
{ t = new tower();
     Toolkit kit =Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
Image img = kit.getImage("java.gif");
setIconImage(img);
setTitle("Tower Of Hanoi");
setSize(615,615);
setResizable(false);
setBackground(Color.CYAN);
     JMenuBar mbar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(mbar);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
mbar.add(fileMenu);
aboutItem = new JMenuItem("About");
aboutItem.addActionListener(this);
fileMenu.add(aboutItem);
exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
exitItem.addActionListener(this);
fileMenu.add(exitItem);
Container contentPane =getContentPane();
JPanel bspanel = new JPanel();
JPanel bnpanel = new JPanel();
setBackground(Color.CYAN);
     //JComboBox
nor = new JComboBox();
nor.setEditable(false);
nor.addItem("3");
nor.addItem("4");
nor.addItem("5");
nor.addItem("6");
nor.addItem("7");
nor.addItem("8");
nor.addItem("9");
bspanel.add(nor);
col = new JComboBox();
col.setEditable(false);
col.addItem("BLACK");
col.addItem("GREEN");
col.addItem("CYAN");
bspanel.add(col);
JLabel tl = new JLabel("Time");
tl.setFont(new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,12));
bspanel.add(tl);
JTextField tlag = new JTextField("0",4);
bspanel.add(tlag);
start =new JButton("Start");
bspanel.add(start);
ref =new JButton("Refresh");
bspanel.add(ref);
JButton end =new JButton("End");
bspanel.add(end);
start.addActionListener(this);
nor.addActionListener(this);
col.addActionListener(this);
ref.addActionListener(this);
end.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
dispose(); // Closes the dialog
contentPane.add(bspanel,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
JLabel count = new JLabel("No of Transfer reguired:");
count.setFont(new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,16));
bnpanel.add(count);
no = new JLabel("7");
no.setFont(new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,16));
bnpanel.add(no);
JLabel moved = new JLabel("Moved:");
moved.setFont(new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,16));
bnpanel.add(moved);
no1 = new JLabel("0");
no1.setFont(new Font("Serif",Font.BOLD,16));
bnpanel.add(no1);
contentPane.add(bnpanel,BorderLayout.NORTH);
contentPane.add(p,BorderLayout.CENTER);
     String r = (String)nor.getSelectedItem();
rings = Integer.valueOf(r).intValue();
p.draw(rings,1) ;
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt)
{ Object source = evt.getSource();
if(source == start)
r3 = Integer.valueOf((String)nor.getSelectedItem()).intValue();
p.transfer(false);
t.initialise(rod1,rod2,rod3,0);
t.towerOfHanoi(r3);
     //repaint();
     if(source == ref)
{ rod1.removeAllElements() ;
rod2.removeAllElements() ;
rod3.removeAllElements() ;
count=0;
          r3 = Integer.valueOf((String)nor.getSelectedItem()).intValue();
          p.draw(r3,1);
p.transfer(true);
no1.setText(""+0);
p.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
t.initialise(rod1,rod2,rod3,0);
          System.out.println("");
          repaint();
if(source == nor)
{ JComboBox j = (JComboBox)source;
String item = (String)j.getSelectedItem();
int ring1 = Integer.valueOf(item).intValue();
int a=1;
for(int i=1;i<=ring1;i++)
{ a = a*2;
a=a-1;
no.setText(""+a);
p.draw(ring1,1);
repaint();
if(source == aboutItem)
{ if (dialog == null) // first time
dialog = new AboutDialog(this);
dialog.setVisible(true);
if(source == exitItem)
{ System.exit(0);
     if (source==col)
     { JComboBox j = (JComboBox)source;
String item = (String)j.getSelectedItem();
          repaint();
TOWER
class tower extends Thread
{ private Vector rod1 = new Vector();
private Vector rod2 = new Vector();
private Vector rod3 = new Vector();
private int count ;
private String elem;
final mainPanel2 z =new mainPanel2();
public void initialise(Vector r1,Vector r2,Vector r3,int c)
{ rod1 = r1;
rod2 = r2;
     rod3 = r3;
     count =c;
public void towerOfHanoi(int rings)
for(int i=0;i<rings;i++)
rod1.add(" "+(i+1));
System.out.println("rod1:"+rod1.toString());
hanoi(rings,1,2);
public void hanoi(int m,int i, int j)
if(m>0)
{ hanoi(m-1,i,6-i-j);
if(i==1 && j==2 && rod1.isEmpty()==false)
{ count++;
//no1.setText(""+count);
elem = (String)rod1.remove(0);
rod2.add(0,elem);
     //z.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
repaint(); //NOT ABLE TO USE METHOD HERE...WHY??
//z.hanoi_paint();
try
          this.sleep(2000);
          catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() ; }
System.out.println(count+". ROD 2:"+rod2.toString());
if(i==1 && j==3 && rod1.isEmpty()==false)
{ count++;
     //no1.setText(""+count);
     elem = (String)rod1.remove(0);
rod3.add(0,elem);
//z.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
repaint();//
// z.hanoi_paint();
               try
          this.sleep(2000);
          catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() ; }
System.out.println(count+". ROD 3:"+rod3.toString());
if(i==2 && j==1 && rod2.isEmpty()==false)
{ count++;
     //no1.setText(""+count);
     elem = (String)rod2.remove(0);
rod1.add(0,elem);
//z.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
repaint();
//z.hanoi_paint();
try
          this.sleep(2000);
          catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() ; }
System.out.println(count+". ROD 1:"+rod1.toString());
if(i==2 && j==3 && rod2.isEmpty()==false)
{ count++;
     //no1.setText(""+count);
     elem = (String)rod2.remove(0);
rod3.add(0,elem);
//z.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
repaint();
//z.hanoi_paint();
try
          this.sleep(2000);
          catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() ; }
System.out.println(count+". ROD 3:"+rod3.toString());
if(i==3 && j==1 && rod3.isEmpty()==false)
{ count++;
     //no1.setText(""+count);
elem = (String)rod3.remove(0);
rod1.add(0,elem);
//z.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
repaint();
//z.hanoi_paint();
     try
          this.sleep(2000);
          catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() ; }
System.out.println(count+". ROD 1:"+rod1.toString());
if(i==3 && j==2 && rod3.isEmpty()==false)
{ count++;
     //no1.setText(""+count);
elem = (String)rod3.remove(0);
rod2.add(0,elem);
//z.trans_vec(rod1,rod2,rod3);
repaint();
//z.hanoi_paint();
try
          this.sleep(2000);
          catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace() ; }
System.out.println(count+". ROD 2:"+rod2.toString());
hanoi(m-1,6-i-j,j);
MAINPANEL
class mainPanel2 extends JPanel //throws IOException
public Vector line = new Vector();
public Vector rod11= new Vector();
public Vector rod22= new Vector();
public Vector rod33= new Vector();
public int no_ring;
public int rod_no;
String pixel;
StringTokenizer st,st1;
int x,y;
public boolean initial =true;
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{ System.out.println("repaint test");
bresenham(100,60,100,360);
     bresenham(101,60,101,360);
bresenham(102,60,102,360);
bresenham(103,60,103,360);
bresenham(104,60,104,360);
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
while(line.size()>0)
{ pixel = (String)line.remove(0);
st = new StringTokenizer(pixel);
x = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
y = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
g.drawLine(x,y,x,y);
bresenham(300,60,300,360);
bresenham(301,60,301,360);
bresenham(302,60,302,360);
bresenham(303,60,303,360);
bresenham(304,60,304,360);
while(line.size()>0)
{ pixel = (String)line.remove(0);
st = new StringTokenizer(pixel);
x = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
y = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
g.drawLine(x,y,x,y);
bresenham(500,60,500,360);
bresenham(501,60,501,360);
bresenham(502,60,502,360);
bresenham(503,60,503,360);
bresenham(504,60,504,360);
while(line.size()>0)
{ pixel = (String)line.remove(0);
st = new StringTokenizer(pixel);
x = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
y = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
g.drawLine(x,y,x,y);
bresenham(0,361,615,361);//used to get a pixel according to algo.. . func not provided
bresenham(0,362,615,362);
bresenham(0,363,615,363);
bresenham(0,364,615,364);
bresenham(0,365,615,365);
while(line.size()>0)
{ pixel = (String)line.remove(0);
st = new StringTokenizer(pixel);
x = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
y = Integer.valueOf(st.nextToken()).intValue();
g.drawLine(x,y,x,y);
if(initial==true)
g.setColor(Color.RED);
for(int i = no_ring;i>0;i--)
{ g.drawLine(100-(i*8),360-(no_ring - i)*10,100+(i*8)+5,360-(no_ring - i)*10);
g.drawLine(100-(i*8),359-(no_ring - i)*10,100+(i*8)+5,359-(no_ring - i)*10);
g.drawLine(100-(i*8),358-(no_ring - i)*10,100+(i*8)+5,358-(no_ring - i)*10);
g.drawLine(100-(i*8),357-(no_ring - i)*10,100+(i*8)+5,357-(no_ring - i)*10);
g.drawLine(100-(i*8),356-(no_ring - i)*10,100+(i*8)+5,356-(no_ring - i)*10);
// draw for each rod
//System.out.println("rod11:"+rod11);
//System.out.println("rod22:"+rod22);
//System.out.println("rod33:"+rod33);
     int r1 = rod11.size();
     int r2 = rod22.size();
     int r3 = rod33.size();
String rd1,rd2,rd3;
int r11,r12,r21,r22,r31,r32;
if(initial == false)
     { g.setColor(Color.RED);
     while(rod11.size()>0)
{ r12 = rod11.size()-1;
          rd1 = (String)rod11.remove(r12);
r11 = Integer.valueOf(rd1).intValue();
g.drawLine(100-((r11+1)*8),360-(r1 - (r11+1))*10,100+((r11+1)*8)+5,360-(r1 - (r11+1))*10);
g.drawLine(100-((r11+1)*8),359-(r1 - (r11+1))*10,100+((r11+1)*8)+5,359-(r1 - (r11+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(100-((r11+1)*8),358-(r1 - (r11+1))*10,100+((r11+1)*8)+5,358-(r1 - (r11+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(100-((r11+1)*8),357-(r1 - (r11+1))*10,100+((r11+1)*8)+5,357-(r1 - (r11+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(100-((r11+1)*8),356-(r1 - (r11+1))*10,100+((r11+1)*8)+5,356-(r1 - (r11+1))*10);
     while(rod22.size()>0)
{ g.setColor(Color.RED);
          r22 = rod22.size()-1;
     System.out.println("TEST *************************:"+r22);
          try
     // e.printStackTrace();
          InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
     BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr)      ;
     br.readLine() ;
     }catch(Exception f) {}
          rd2 = ((String)rod22.remove(r22)).trim();
r21 = Integer.valueOf(rd2).intValue();
g.drawLine(300-((r22+1)*8),360-(r2 - (r22+1))*10,300+((r22+1)*8)+5,360-(r2 - (r22+1))*10);
g.drawLine(300-((r22+1)*8),359-(r2 - (r22+1))*10,300+((r22+1)*8)+5,359-(r2 - (r22+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(300-((r22+1)*8),358-(r2 - (r22+1))*10,300+((r22+1)*8)+5,358-(r2 - (r22+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(300-((r22+1)*8),357-(r2 - (r22+1))*10,300+((r22+1)*8)+5,357-(r2 - (r22+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(300-((r22+1)*8),356-(r2 - (r22+1))*10,300+((r22+1)*8)+5,356-(r2 - (r22+1))*10);
     while(rod33.size()>0)
{ g.setColor(Color.RED);
          r32 = rod33.size()-1;
          rd3 = (String)rod33.remove(r32);
r31 = Integer.valueOf(rd3).intValue();
g.drawLine(500-((r32+1)*8),360-(r3 - (r32+1))*10,500+((r32+1)*8)+5,360-(r3 - (r32+1))*10);
g.drawLine(500-((r32+1)*8),359-(r3 - (r32+1))*10,500+((r32+1)*8)+5,359-(r3 - (r32+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(500-((r32+1)*8),358-(r3 - (r32+1))*10,500+((r32+1)*8)+5,358-(r3 - (r32+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(500-((r32+1)*8),357-(r3 - (r32+1))*10,500+((r32+1)*8)+5,357-(r3 - (r32+1))*10);
          g.drawLine(500-((r32+1)*8),356-(r3 - (r32+1))*10,500+((r32+1)*8)+5,356-(r3 - (r32+1))*10);
why i m not able to use repaint() method in tower class? from where i can use repaint() method

i can't read your code - not formatted with code tags
I have no chance of getting it to compile (AboutDialog class?? p.draw() ??)
here's a basic routine - add a couple of things to this to demonstrate what is not
being redrawn
(compare the readability of below code (using tags) to yours)
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
class Testing extends JFrame
public Testing()
    setSize(400,300);
    setLocation(400,300);
    setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    final DrawPanel dp = new DrawPanel();
    JButton btn = new JButton("Change Text Location/Repaint");
    getContentPane().add(dp,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    getContentPane().add(btn,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
        dp.x = (int)(Math.random()*300);
        dp.y = (int)(Math.random()*150)+50;
        repaint();}});
public static void main(String[] args){new Testing().setVisible(true);}
class DrawPanel extends JPanel
int x = 50, y = 50;
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)
    super.paintComponent(g);
    g.drawString("Hello World",x,y);
}

Can't get extended class to work with asbstract class

I am having trouble working an extended class to work with my base abstract class. I keep getting this error message: "Fiction.java:4: invalid method declaration; return type required" public FictionBook()" Can someone give me some advice and or guidance on what I need to do? Thanks.
Here is my abstract class:
import javax.swing.*;
public abstract class Book
     protected String bookTitle;
     protected double bookPrice;
     public abstract double setPrice();
public Book()
          setBookPrice();
public double getBookPrice()
          return bookPrice;
public abstract void setBookPrice();
Here is the extended class that I have:
import javax.swing.*;
public class Fiction extends Book
     public Fiction()
          super();
          setBookPrice();
     public void setBookPrice();
          bookPrice = 24.95;
     public String toString()
          return("Fiction Book Price is $" + bookPrice);
}

Fiction.java:2: Fiction is not abstract and does not override abstract method setPrice() in BookThis one is pretty straightfoward: Book declares an abstract setPrice() method. In effect is promises "every concrete subclass of Book will define an implementation of setPrice()". But your Fiction class does not do this - it does not give an implementation of setPrice() even though as a Book it is required to do so. That is what the compiler is complaining about.
Fiction.java:6: call to super must be first statement in constructorThis one is slightly cryptic. If you use super() it must be as the first line of a constructor. You are using it as the first line of Fiction() so that looks OK - until you realise that Fiction() is not a constructor! That's because you declare it as a method returning void. Remove the "void" and the compiler will recognise it as a constructor and will be happy about your use of super().
Edited by: pbrockway2 on Sep 13, 2008 12:13 PM
Just a general point: it might be worth writing very brief comments for your abstract class to say what the methods are supposed to do. It isn't really clear what setBookPrice() is supposed to do given that it isn't passed any argument. Likewise setPrice(), how does it differ from setBookPrice()? what is the double value that it returns?

Set fields of derived class in base class constructor via reflection?

Does the Java Language Specification explicitly allow setting of fields of a derived class from within the base class' constructor via reflection? The following test case runs green, but I would really like to know if this Java code is compatible among different VM implementations.
Many thanks for your feedback!
Norman
public class DerivedClassReflectionWorksInBaseClassConstructorTest extends TestCase {
abstract static class A {
    A() {
        try {
            getClass().getDeclaredField("x").setInt(this, 42);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
static class B extends A {
    int x;
    B() {
    B(int x) {
        this.x = x;
public void testThatItWorks() {
    assertEquals(42, new B().x);
    assertEquals(99, new B(99).x);
}

why not just put a method in the superclass that the subclasses can call to initialize the subclass member variable?In derived classes (which are plug-ins), clients can use a field annotation which provides some parameter metadata such as validators and the default value. The framework must set the default value of fields, before the class' initializer or constructors are called. If the framework would do this after derived class' initializer or constructors are called, they would be overwritten:
Framework:
public abstract class Operator {
    public abstract void initialize();
}Plug-In:
public class SomeOperator extends Operator {
    @Parameter(defaultValue="42", interval="[0,100)")
    double threshold;
    @Parameter(defaultValue="C", valueSet="A,B,C")
    String mode;
    public void setThreshold(double threshold) {this.threshold = threshold;}
    public void setMode(String mode) {this.mode = mode;}
    // called by the framework after default values have been set
    public void initialize() {
}On the other hand, the default values and other metadata are also used to create GUIs and XML I/O for the derived operator class, without having it instantiated. So we cannot use the initial instance field values for that, because we don't have an instance.

Cannot use super(msg) in asbstract class constructor!!

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