Converting an applet into a frame

Question

hello.
this is james mcfadden. I am developing a 2-player BlackJack card game in java. how do i convert the following 2 pieces of code from an applet into a frame?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class Blackjack extends Applet implements ActionListener,Runnable{
     private Deck deck;     //The deck...
     private Hand player_hand;//player hand
     private Hand dealer_hand;//dealer hand.
     private Button bHit=new Button("Hit");
     private Button bStay=new Button("Stay");
     private Button bRestart=new Button("New Game");
     //lets do some double buffering.
     Image offIm=null;
     Graphics offGraphics=null;
     Dimension offDimension=null;
     Image[] card_images = new Image[52];
     private boolean cards_loaded = false;
     private int current_card_loading = 0;
     String message;                         //print a message...
     int width;          //The width of the applet
     int height;          //The height of the applet
     int card_width = -1;
     int card_padding = -1;     //How much should we pad the cards by..?
     private int games=-1;     //How many games have been played?
     public void init() {
          Thread card_loader = new Thread(this);
          card_loader.start();
     public void newGame(){
          bHit.setEnabled(true);
          bStay.setEnabled(false);
          player_hand = new Hand();     //Create new hands...
          dealer_hand = new Hand();
          //shuffle the deck.
          deck.shuffleCards();
          games++;
     public void hit(){
          bStay.setEnabled(true);
          player_hand.addCard(deck.dealCard());
          if(player_hand.getValue() > 21){
               message = "You loose! (score:"+player_hand.getValue()+")";
               //disable the hit and stay buttons...
               bHit.setEnabled(false);
               bStay.setEnabled(false);
               return;
          message = "Score: "+player_hand.getValue();     
     public void stay(){
          while(dealer_hand.getValue() < 17){
               dealer_hand.addCard(deck.dealCard());
          if(dealer_hand.getValue() <= 21 && player_hand.getValue() < dealer_hand.getValue())
               message = "You loose! (" + player_hand.getValue()+
                         " - "+dealer_hand.getValue()+")";
          }else if (player_hand.getValue() == dealer_hand.getValue())
               message = "You draw! (" + player_hand.getValue()+")";
          }else {
               message = "You win! (" + player_hand.getValue()+
                         " - "+dealer_hand.getValue()+")";
          bHit.setEnabled(false);
          bStay.setEnabled(false);
     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
          if(e.getSource() == bRestart)
               newGame();
          }else if (e.getSource() == bHit)
               hit();
          }else if (e.getSource() == bStay)
               stay();
          repaint();
     public void paint(Graphics g) {
          update(g);
     public void update(Graphics g) {
          //lets sord out double buffering
          if(offGraphics==null){
               offIm=createImage(getSize().width,getSize().height);
               offGraphics=offIm.getGraphics();
          if(!cards_loaded){
               //display a message saying we're loading the cards...
               offGraphics.setFont(new Font("Arial",Font.PLAIN,14));
               offGraphics.setColor(new Color(171,205,239));
               offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,getSize().width,getSize().height);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
               offGraphics.drawString("Loading cards... ",5,20);
               offGraphics.drawRect(15,40, 102 ,10);
               offGraphics.drawRect(13,38, 106 ,14);
               offGraphics.setColor(new Color(171,205,239));
               offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,150,35);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
               offGraphics.fillRect(15,40, (current_card_loading)*2 ,10);
               offGraphics.drawString("Loading card: "+current_card_loading+1,15,20);
          }else{
               Image currentCard;
               while(card_width == -1)
                    card_width = deck.getCard(0).getImage().getWidth(this);
               if(card_padding == -1)
                    card_padding = (width - (card_width * 2) - 4) / 4;
               //clear the background...
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.blue);
               offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
               offGraphics.fillRect(1,1,width-2,height-2);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.white);
               offGraphics.drawString("PLAYER:",card_padding,40);
               offGraphics.drawString("DEALER:",(width/2) + card_padding,40);
               offGraphics.drawString(message,5,height - 20);
               if(games > 0)
                    offGraphics.drawString(games + " game(s) played...",5,height - 10);
               //Draw the players hand...
               for(int i=0;i<player_hand.getCardCount();i++){
                    currentCard = player_hand.getCards().getImage();
                    offGraphics.drawImage(currentCard, card_padding, 70+(20*(i-1)), this);
               //now draw the dealers hand...
               for(int i=0;i<dealer_hand.getCardCount();i++){
                    currentCard = dealer_hand.getCards()[i].getImage();
                    offGraphics.drawImage(currentCard, (width/2 ) + card_padding, 70+(20*(i-1)), this);
          //draw buffered image.
          g.drawImage(offIm,0,0,this);
public void run(){
          MediaTracker t=new MediaTracker(this);
          System.out.println("Applet getting cards...");
          for(current_card_loading=0; current_card_loading < 52; current_card_loading++){
          //try{
               card_images[current_card_loading] = getImage(getCodeBase(),
                                                            "cards/" + (current_card_loading+1) + ".gif");
               if(card_images[current_card_loading] == null){
                    System.out.println("Null card... ["+current_card_loading+"]");
               }else{
                    t.addImage(card_images[current_card_loading],0);
               try{
                    t.waitForID(0);
               }catch(InterruptedException e){
                    System.err.println("Interrupted waiting for images..>");
               //lets show our new status.
               repaint();
          //create the deck object now
          deck = new Deck(this,card_images);     //Create a new deck object.
          card_width = deck.getCard(0).getImage().getWidth(this);
          bHit.addActionListener(this);
          bStay.addActionListener(this);
          bRestart.addActionListener(this);
          bHit.setEnabled(false);
          bStay.setEnabled(false);
          width = getSize().width;
          height = getSize().height;
          this.add(bHit);
          this.add(bStay);
          this.add(bRestart);
          player_hand = new Hand();     //Create the hands...
          dealer_hand = new Hand();
          //make sure that the buttons appear properly.
          this.validate();
          message = "";
          cards_loaded = true;
          System.out.println("End of thread...");
          repaint();
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
class Deck {
     Card[] cards = new Card[52];
     int currCard;
     public Deck(Blackjack myApplet,Image[] card_images) {
          // These are the (initial) values of all the cards
          int[] values = {11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10,
               11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10,
               11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10,
               11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10};
          // Make all the cards, getting the images individually
          for (int i=0; i<52; i++) {
//               Image image = myApplet.getImage(myApplet.getCodeBase(), "cards/" + (i+1) + ".gif");
               cards[i] = new Card(card_images, values[i]);
          // Shuffle the cards.
          shuffleCards();
     public void shuffleCards(){
          Card temp;
          //loop through each card in the deck and swap it with some random card.
          for (int i=0; i<52; i++) {
               int rand = (int)(Math.random()*52);
               temp = cards[51-i];//take the current card...
               cards[51-i] = cards[rand];//and swap it with some random card...
               cards[rand] = temp;
          //now, reset the currentCard to deal...
          currCard = 0;
     public Card dealCard() {
          Card card = cards[currCard];
          currCard++;
          return card;
     public Card getCard(int i) {
          return cards[i];

Answer 1

thanks for the advice.
i've done what you suggested. but when i went try to compile the 2 programs i get error messages (shown below along with the modified code). do you know what are causing these error messages?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Blackjack extends JFrame implements ActionListener,MouseListener{
     private Deck deck;     //The deck...
     private Hand player_hand;//player hand
     private Hand dealer_hand;//dealer hand.
     //private Button bHit=new Button("Hit");
     JButton bHit=new JButton("Hit");
     //private Button bStay=new Button("Stay");
     JButton bStay=new JButton("Stay");
     //private Button bRestart=new Button("New Game");
     JButton bRestart=new JButton("New Game");
     //lets do some double buffering.
     Image offIm=null;
     Graphics offGraphics=null;
     Dimension offDimension=null;
     Image[] card_images = new Image[52];
     private boolean cards_loaded = false;
     private int current_card_loading = 0;
     String message;                         //print a message...
     int width;          //The width of the applet
     int height;          //The height of the applet
     int card_width = -1;
     int card_padding = -1;     //How much should we pad the cards by..?
     private int games=-1;     //How many games have been played?
     public static void main(String[] args){
           Blackjack bj =new Blackjack(); 
          bj.pack();
          bj.setVisible(true);
     public Blackjack(){
        Thread card_loader = new Thread(this);
          card_loader.start();
          bHit.addMouseListener(this);
      bHit.addActionListener(this);
      //bHit.addMouseMotionListener(this);
          add(bHit);
          bStay.addMouseListener(this);
      bStay.addActionListener(this);
      //bStay.addMouseMotionListener(this);
          add(bStay);
          bRestart.addMouseListener(this);
      bRestart.addActionListener(this);
      //bRestart.addMouseMotionListener(this);
          add(bRestart);
          JFrame frame=new JFrame("BlackJack");
          frame.setSize(400,200);
          frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          frame.add(this);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
     public void newGame(){
          bHit.setEnabled(true);
          bStay.setEnabled(false);
          player_hand = new Hand();     //Create new hands...
          dealer_hand = new Hand();
          //shuffle the deck.
          deck.shuffleCards();
          games++;
     public void hit(){
          bStay.setEnabled(true);
          player_hand.addCard(deck.dealCard());
          if(player_hand.getValue() > 21){
               message = "You loose! (score:"+player_hand.getValue()+")";
               //disable the hit and stay buttons...
               bHit.setEnabled(false);
               bStay.setEnabled(false);
               return;
          message = "Score: "+player_hand.getValue();     
     public void stay(){
          while(dealer_hand.getValue() < 17){
               dealer_hand.addCard(deck.dealCard());
          if(dealer_hand.getValue() <= 21 && player_hand.getValue() < dealer_hand.getValue()){
               message = "You loose! (" + player_hand.getValue()+" - "+dealer_hand.getValue()+")";
          else if (player_hand.getValue() == dealer_hand.getValue()){
               message = "You draw! (" + player_hand.getValue()+")";
          else{
               message = "You win! (" + player_hand.getValue()+" - "+dealer_hand.getValue()+")";
          bHit.setEnabled(false);
          bStay.setEnabled(false);
     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
          if(e.getSource() == bRestart){
               newGame();
          else if (e.getSource() == bHit){
               hit();
          else if (e.getSource() == bStay){
               stay();
          repaint();
     public void paint(Graphics g){
          update(g);
     public void update(Graphics g){
          //lets sord out double buffering
          if(offGraphics==null){
               offIm=createImage(getSize().width,getSize().height);
               offGraphics=offIm.getGraphics();
          if(!cards_loaded){
               //display a message saying we're loading the cards...
               offGraphics.setFont(new Font("Arial",Font.PLAIN,14));
               offGraphics.setColor(new Color(171,205,239));
               offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,getSize().width,getSize().height);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
               offGraphics.drawString("Loading cards... ",5,20);
               offGraphics.drawRect(15,40, 102 ,10);
               offGraphics.drawRect(13,38, 106 ,14);
               offGraphics.setColor(new Color(171,205,239));
               offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,150,35);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
               offGraphics.fillRect(15,40, (current_card_loading)*2 ,10);
               offGraphics.drawString("Loading card: "+current_card_loading+1,15,20);
          else{
               Image currentCard;
               while(card_width == -1){
                    card_width = deck.getCard(0).getImage().getWidth(this);
               if(card_padding == -1){
                    card_padding = (width - (card_width * 2) - 4) / 4;
               //clear the background...
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.blue);
               offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.black);
               offGraphics.fillRect(1,1,width-2,height-2);
               offGraphics.setColor(Color.white);
               offGraphics.drawString("PLAYER:",card_padding,40);
               offGraphics.drawString("DEALER:",(width/2) + card_padding,40);
               offGraphics.drawString(message,5,height - 20);
               if(games > 0){
                    offGraphics.drawString(games + " game(s) played...",5,height - 10);
               //Draw the players hand...
               for(int i=0;i<player_hand.getCardCount();i++){
                    currentCard = player_hand.getCards().getImage();
                    offGraphics.drawImage(currentCard, card_padding, 70+(20*(i-1)), this);
               //now draw the dealers hand...
               for(int i=0;i<dealer_hand.getCardCount();i++){
                    currentCard = dealer_hand.getCards()[i].getImage();
                    offGraphics.drawImage(currentCard, (width/2 ) + card_padding, 70+(20*(i-1)), this);
          //draw buffered image.
          g.drawImage(offIm,0,0,this);
public void run(){
          MediaTracker t=new MediaTracker(this);
          System.out.println("Frame getting cards...");
          for(current_card_loading=0; current_card_loading < 52; current_card_loading++){
          //try{
               card_images[current_card_loading] = getImage(getCodeBase(),"cards/" + (current_card_loading+1) + ".gif");
               if(card_images[current_card_loading] == null){
                    System.out.println("Null card... ["+current_card_loading+"]");
               else{
                    t.addImage(card_images[current_card_loading],0);
               try{
                    t.waitForID(0);
               catch(InterruptedException e){
                    System.err.println("Interrupted waiting for images..>");
               //lets show our new status.
               repaint();
          //create the deck object now
          deck = new Deck(this,card_images);     //Create a new deck object.
          card_width = deck.getCard(0).getImage().getWidth(this);
          bHit.addActionListener(this);
          bStay.addActionListener(this);
          bRestart.addActionListener(this);
          bHit.setEnabled(false);
          bStay.setEnabled(false);
          width = getSize().width;
          height = getSize().height;
          this.add(bHit);
          this.add(bStay);
          this.add(bRestart);
          player_hand = new Hand();     //Create the hands...
          dealer_hand = new Hand();
          //make sure that the buttons appear properly.
          this.validate();
          message = "";
          cards_loaded = true;
          System.out.println("End of thread...");
          repaint();
----jGRASP exec: javac -g X:\NETPROG\Assignment2\Blackjack.java
Blackjack.java:7: Blackjack is not abstract and does not override abstract method mouseExited(java.awt.event.MouseEvent) in java.awt.event.MouseListener
public class Blackjack extends JFrame /*Applet*/ implements ActionListener,MouseListener/*,Runnable*/{
^
Blackjack.java:53: cannot find symbol
symbol : constructor Thread(Blackjack)
location: class java.lang.Thread
     Thread card_loader = new Thread(this);
^
Blackjack.java:209: cannot find symbol
symbol : method getCodeBase()
location: class Blackjack
               card_images[current_card_loading] = getImage(getCodeBase(),"cards/" + (current_card_loading+1) + ".gif");
^
3 errors
----jGRASP wedge2: exit code for process is 1.
----jGRASP: operation complete.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
class Deck {
     Card[] cards = new Card[52];
     int currCard;
     public Deck(/*Blackjack myApplet*/Blackjack myFrame,Image[] card_images) {
          // These are the (initial) values of all the cards
          int[] values = {11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10,
               11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10,
               11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10,
               11, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10};
          // Make all the cards, getting the images individually
          for (int i=0; i<52; i++) {
               cards[i] = new Card(card_images, values[i]);
          // Shuffle the cards.
          shuffleCards();
     public void shuffleCards(){
          Card temp;
          //loop through each card in the deck and swap it with some random card.
          for (int i=0; i<52; i++) {
               int rand = (int)(Math.random()*52);
               temp = cards[51-i];//take the current card...
               cards[51-i] = cards[rand];//and swap it with some random card...
               cards[rand] = temp;
          //now, reset the currentCard to deal...
          currCard = 0;
     public Card dealCard() {
          Card card = cards[currCard];
          currCard++;
          return card;
     public Card getCard(int i) {
          return cards[i];
----jGRASP exec: javac -g X:\NETPROG\Assignment2\Deck.java
Blackjack.java:6: Blackjack is not abstract and does not override abstract method mouseExited(java.awt.event.MouseEvent) in java.awt.event.MouseListener
public class Blackjack extends JFrame implements ActionListener,MouseListener{
^
Blackjack.java:45: cannot find symbol
symbol : constructor Thread(Blackjack)
location: class java.lang.Thread
     Thread card_loader = new Thread(this);
^
Blackjack.java:201: cannot find symbol
symbol : method getCodeBase()
location: class Blackjack
               card_images[current_card_loading] = getImage(getCodeBase(),"cards/" + (current_card_loading+1) + ".gif");
^
3 errors
----jGRASP wedge2: exit code for process is 1.
----jGRASP: operation complete.