Converting raw to tiff brings a lose of quality

actually i have converted a canon raw to tiff image using ligthroom 2.6, the matter is... why once converted in tiff highlights, moving exposition ability and more are so capped?
i have converted a raw to tiff 16 bit uncompressed with pro photo rgb... this means that i should preserve all color tone of the image and i would be able to make the same adjoustments that i use normally with raw files...
this in theory... cause if i try to step down the exposure i see whites going to greens and stuff like a damn jpg srgb 8 bit for channel...
what's going wrong in it?

Rubberick wrote:
ok, but why loss of data...
canon say me i have a 14bit a/d converter for channel...
tiff 16 bit uncompressed with prophoto should contain all data included on a raw file...
am i wrong in something?
Rubberick,
When you convert to TIFF in LR you are 'burning-in' the current settings. That is what is shown as white is converted to white and what is shown as black is converted to black; any higher or lower values (off the edges of the histogram) from the raw file are truncated (thrown away) then the values between the black and white points have any tone curves or tonal adjustments set in LR applied and the gamma curve of ProPhoto applied to calculate the values to be used in the TIFF. Note that the original raw file values are in linear space whereas ProPhot is gamma 2.2 encoded, this means that more bits are required to accurately encode the original data, for a 14 bit linear file (16384 levels) you require a 16 bit 2.2 gamma encoded file to accurately represent all the levels, if you have not already thrown some away (a 14 bit 2.2 gamma encoded file would only be able to represent 11752 of the levels with the losses worse in the brighter parts of the image, an 8 bit JPEG can only represent 254 of the levels). [1]
The reason for strange colour casts when trying to reprocess the highlights is that my reference to black and white above oversimplifies the situation; actually what happens is that you are truncating each of the red, green and blue channels (usually by different amounts) when creating the TIFF. When you then try to change the colour balance or recover highlights or shadows LR does not have the data you have thrown away and thus makes a poor guess at the correct colour. You tend to only see this in the highlights although it can also happen in the shadows, however it is difficult to see small colour changes in very dark tones and you are generally losing much less data in the shadows when converting to TIFF.
Using a 16 bit TIFF compared to an 8 bit JPEG allows better representation of the data that has not been truncated so changes within the white and black limits will cause less degradation, however any attempt at highlight recovery or significant white balance changes will be bad for both. You are much better keeping the raw format (or converting to DNG which retains all the raw image data) until you need to print, export for screen use or export to Photoshop for further changes. For photoshop you may still be able to maintain the raw data by use of smart objects.
Nigel
[1] Figures for available levels obtained using Bruce Lindbloom's 'Levels Calculator' at http://www.brucelindbloom.com/
Message was edited by: CFNJ to include reference to Bruce Lindbloom's 'Levels Calculator'.

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