Cumulative Incremental?

Hopefully you all can resolve a question for me. I was under the impression that a CUMULATIVE backup and an INCREMENTAL backup were two separate things.
INCREMENTAL LEVEL : Copies only those data blocks that have changed since the last incremental integer backup, where integer is 0 or 1 (see Example 2-16).
CUMULATIVE : Copies the data blocks used since the most recent level 0 backup (see Example 2-16).
So I go to "Example 2-16"...
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/backup.111/b28273/rcmsynta007.htm
Example 2-16 Performing a Cumulative Incremental Backup
This example backs up all blocks changed in the database since the most recent level 0 incremental backup. If no level 0 backup exists when you run a level 1 backup, then RMAN makes a level 0 backup automatically. Any inaccessible files are skipped.
BACKUP
INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE
SKIP INACCESSIBLE
DATABASE;I am confused. I thought that cumulative/incremental were exclusive backup types. How can they both be referenced in the same code block?
Thanks

Hi,
please donot be confuse In the same document it written
Incremental Backups:
An INCREMENTAL backup at level 0 backs up all data blocks in datafiles being backed up. An incremental backup at level 0 is identical in content to a FULL backup,
but unlike a full backup the level 0 backup is a part of the incremental backup strategy.
A level 1 backup copies only changed blocks. A level 1 incremental backup is either differential or CUMULATIVE.
*If cumulative, RMAN backs up all blocks changed since the most recent level 0 backup.*
*If differential, RMAN backs up blocks updated since the most recent level 0 or level 1 incremental backup.*
HTH :)

Similar Messages

Larger backups for cumulative incremental level 1 backups

I am noticing some strange behaviour for backup of data files in the RMAN cumulative incremental level 1 backup for certain days. I would explain that with an elaboration- the cumulative backup sizes are around 2GB, 19GB, 19GB, 1GB for the dates of 10th Dec, 5th Dec, 3rd Dec and 28th Nov respectively.
Can there be so much difference between the values of backup size for the RMAN cumulative incremental level 1 backup as they are fluctuating from 19GB->1GB?
I hope, my question is clear.
Please revert with the reply to my query.
Regards

975148 wrote:
Thanks for your reply. Level 0 backup happened twice between 5th Dec and 10th Dec. I guess, a block which has changed multiple times would be backed up once with all the changes done in a backup on a particular day. The same changes should get reflected in the subsequent level 0 backup.
Regards
Yes, obviously any backup (of any kind, of any product) is only capable of backing up the state of things as they exist at the time of the backup.
The recoverability of "intermediate" states (say a given block was modified 5 times between backups, the next backup only gets the 5th state of the block) is done by applying redo - archived or online, as is needed.
So to make an example to replicate what you report
Day 1 - backup level 0
- block # 1 modified
Day 2 - backup level 1 - backs up Block #1 - backup size 8k
- block # 1 modified
- block # 2 modified
- block # 1 modified
- block # 3 modified
- block # 1 modified
- block # 4 modified
Day 3 - backup level 1 - backs up Blocks 1,2,3,4 - backup size 32k
- block # 5 modified
- block # 2 modified
- block # 7 modified
- block # 3 modified
- block # 6 modified
- block # 4 modified
Day 4 - backup level 1 - backs up Blocks 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 - backup size 56k
- block # 5 modified
Day 4 - backup level 1 - backs up Blocks 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 - backup size 56k
Day 6 - backup level 0 - all blocks - size ???
- block # 3 modified
Day 7 - backup level 1 - backs up block 3 - backup size 8 k

EM12c Create non-cumulative incremental (level 1) backups against target DB

Is this not available? It appears that we can only create cumulative RMAN incremental backups through Cloud 12c (this is against an 11gR2 DB). Are non-cumulative incrementals no longer supported?

When scheduling a backup through the wizard, the last step displays the RMAN script the wizard has generated for you. Have you tried clicking the 'Edit RMAN Script' and removing the word "cumulative" from the generated script?
I run backups using scripts stored in the recovery catalog so I don't use the click-through backup wizard, but does it not result in a differential incremental backup if you edit the script?

Backup incremental level 0 cumulative database

On RMAN Level 0 backup when I say cumulative like below what the difference that command make;
backup filesperset 1 format '<%d_%s:%t:%p:%f>.df' incremental level 0 cumulative database;Edited by: Sivaprasad S on Sep 1, 2012 12:42 AM
Edited by: Sivaprasad S on Sep 1, 2012 12:44 AM

In a cumulative level 1 backup, RMAN backs up all blocks used since the most recent level 0 incremental backup in either the current or parent incarnation. Cumulative incremental backups reduce the work needed for a restore by ensuring that you only need one incremental backup from any particular level. Cumulative backups require more space and time than differential backups because they duplicate the work done by previous backups at the same level.

Incremental cumulative backup solution?

Hi to all,
I want to use rman cumulative incremental backup strategy i.e.I want to take one full database backup LEVEL0 every week (Sunday), and one incremental cumulative LEVEL1 database backup every day.
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;* *// I did this to avoid doing backup on the same archivelogs files, in this case RMAN will backup only files that were not backed up.*
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;# default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F';# default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\DATABASE\SNCFORCL.ORA'; # default
Here are my RMAN scripts:
weekly.rman
+run {+
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
INCREMENTAL LEVEL = 0 CUMULATIVE
DEVICE TYPE DISK
TAG = 'LEVEL0-SUNDAY'
FORMAT 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\DB_%d_%u_%s_%T'
DATABASE;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete expired archivelog all;
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\arch_%d_%u_%s_%T';
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE; // To delete backup (LEVEL0 and LEVEL1) and archivelogs files because RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1 and to make free space for new LEVEL0 backup.
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete expired archivelog all;
DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG UNTIL TIME "SYSDATE-3";
+}+
daily.rman
+run {+
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET
INCREMENTAL LEVEL = 1 CUMULATIVE
DEVICE TYPE DISK
TAG = 'LEVEL1-MONDAY'
FORMAT 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\DB_%d_%u_%s_%T'
DATABASE;
BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET ARCHIVELOG ALL FORMAT 'D:\RMAN_BACKUP\arch_%d_%u_%s_%T';
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete expired archivelog all;
DELETE NOPROMPT ARCHIVELOG UNTIL TIME "SYSDATE-3"; *//To delete archivelog files older than 3 days, I do not have enough space to store archive files from all week.*
+}+
What do you think about this RMAN scripts?
Do you have a better solution?
Thanks in advance for any proposal or suggestion!

Your script looks good. As an alternative, you can also use the following command:
Backup archivelog until time 'sysdate-3' backedup 1 times to 'sbt_tabe';
Any suggestions are highly appreciated.
Thanks,
Sai.

RMAN Cumulative and differential level 1taking too much time

hi,
I am attempting to HOT backup my 600 GB database to backup into Tape using NMO 5 EMC Networker 7.6.
My networker server is on Win Serv 2003.
My oracle database is on RHEL 4.5 Architecture ia64
Oracle DB Version 10.2.0.4.0
Using ASM
Using EMC Storage as Databse storage
Using tape backup media type LTO-Ultrium-5
No of chaneels used same for bothLevel 0 & 1 is 4
there are 60 Datafiles fior the database
i am atttempting incremental backup[Hot] backup
for Incrementa Level 0 is taking 90 Minutes to complete.
BUT leve1 backup [Both differential and cumulative] are taking almost the same time as taken for Level 0 backup
almost 80Mins.
but the backup Set size for Level 0 is almost 500 GB and Sizes for any Level 1 backup not more than 200MB.
i am confused if both LEVEL 0 AND LEVEL 1 BACKUP should take the same span of time.
please help to reduce the time to complete the Level 1 backups..
thanks in advance

RMAN incremental level 1 and up will have to verify every block in the data files to identify if any modifications have occurred. The time it takes to complete the incremental backup will depend on how much changed. Are you using the latest patches? There are known bugs that can affect performance problems with RMAN backup and recovery. Otherwise, check the Oracle documentation to troubleshoot RMAN.
Block change tracking as already mantioned, introduced in 10g, can greatly speed up your incremental level 1 and up backups.
From what I understand:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING USING FILE '/mydir/rman_change_track.f';
As soon as block change tracking is enabled, Oracle starts to record every block that updates. The information is stored in a bitmap inside the BCT file. Every incremental backup causes a bitmap swtich in the BCT file.
If there exists a previous bitmap beside the current bitmap, then an incremental level 1 backup will only backup the blocks according to the current bitmap. Incremental level 1 backups are differential backups by default. If there is no previous bitmap, the RMAN backup will perform a conventional scan of the database as usual.
The bitmap logic applies also to cumulative level 1 incremental backups, which will use all the bitmaps recorded since the last bitmap switch from a level 0 incremental backup. Due to the limit of 8 bitmaps, a cumulative incremental level 1 backup will have to perform a conventional scan of the database, if you make a level 0 database backup followed by 7 differential incremental backups.

Quesion about the Basic concept of RMAN incremental backup

I have a problem in understanding the basic concept of two types RMAN Incremental backup ie. Differential and Cumulative. I just don't understand how cumulative incremental backup consumes more space than Differential backup.
Have a look at the scenario in which Differential backup is used.
1. On Sunday midnight, a LEVEL0 backup is taken.
2. On Monday midnight all the blocks that was changed since Sunday midnight are stored in the backup media (tape or disk)
3. On Tuesday midnight all the blocks that was changed since monday midnight are stored in the backup media.
4. On Wednesday midnight, all the blocks that was changed since tuesday midnight are stored in the backup media.
At this point, in the backup media, you have all the changed blocks from sunday midnight to wednesday midnight eventhough it was stored in a daily basis. If you had taken a cumulative backup at wednesday midnight the backup media would have contained the same changed blocks from sunday midnight(LEVEL0) to wednesday midnight, but all at one go instead of daily basis. I don't understand how cumulative backup consumes more space when the backup media contains the same amount of changed blocks as it were in the case of the Differential backup.

Considering the Scenario you given:
Sunday : Level 0 backup.
Monday : You have taken an incremental backup then there will not be any difference in size of backup set for differential or cumulative as the changes from last Level0 backup are considered.
Tuesday : A cumulative backup (n-1) will have changed blocks since Sunday's Level0 backup but a differential backup(n) will only have changed blocks since Monday. So definitely there will be more space consumed by cumulative backups compared to differentials.
Hope it helps ...
Bhupinder

Monthly Backup Plan using Incremental Backups

I would like to have a monthly backup plan as explained in the oracle documentation:
First Friday of the month: Full Backup (Incremental Level 0)
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday: Incremental Level 1
2nd, 3rd, 4th Friday: Cumulative Incremental Backups Level 1
As I understand is that the 4th cumulative incremental backup will contain all the changes from the full backup.
Is there any way so that the 4th friday backup will contain only the changes since the 3rd Friday and so on?

user12075536123 wrote:
Thank you for advice.
I understand Oracle has "backup level 0-4"
I checked the document
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/backup.112/e10643/rcmsynta007.htm#i78895
INCREMENTAL LEVEL integer
Copies only those data blocks that have changed since the last incremental integer backup, where integer is 0 or 1
I understand Oracle has only level 0 and 1
I tested
==================================================
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;
Starting backup at 18-SEP-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=64 instance=orcl device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
Finished backup at 18-SEP-13
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;
Starting backup at 18-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
Finished backup at 18-SEP-13
RMAN> backup incremental level 2 database;
Starting backup at 18-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 2 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
Finished backup at 18-SEP-13
RMAN> backup incremental level 3 database;
Starting backup at 18-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 3 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
Finished backup at 18-SEP-13
RMAN> backup incremental level 4 database;
Starting backup at 18-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 4 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
Finished backup at 18-SEP-13
RMAN> backup incremental level 5 database;
Starting backup at 18-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 09/18/2013 21:32:58
RMAN-06011: invalid level specified: 5
==================================================
why！！
Since there is no documentation of any level beyond 1, I can only guess that it is for backward compatibility.

Cumulative Problem

Hi all,
We have a table of incidents with a Date Opened and a Date Closed.
The report needed is a cumulative report month by month giving the number of open incidents from the start of the current year
So - we need to start with all open (open date before 1st Jan but no close date) incidents.
Then there will be calls opened in January, and some calls closed in January (and some of these will be calls that were from last year) - so the January cumulative total is (Original) + (Calls opened in Jan) - (Calls closed in Jan) .
SImilarly for Feb, March and up to date.
I'm sure this must be a common request, but I can't think of a way of getting these figures into a report - preferably a cross-tab so we can get a nice bar chart of the totals.
Thanks
Malcolm

I've never actually used incremental backups with a RETENTION POLICY of 'REDUNDANCY', always with a RECOVERY WINDOW.
REDUNDANCY 1 will aim to keep one copy of each backup it takes (as far as I'm aware), therefore it won't really have any awareness of the recovery sequentials involved, i.e., since you're deleting manually it will only check that it has a single copy of each backup for those backups that haven't expired.
On the other hand, if you were operating with a RECOVERY WINDOW of, say, 3 days, you wouldn't need the CROSSCHECK and DELETE EXPIRED, just the DELETE OBSOLETE, and that would retain only what it needs to effect a recovery from the backups from any time over the last 3 days (incomplete) to the present (complete).
Therefore, it would automatically know which level 0s and 1s to keep for that purpose, but the oldest one would never be a level 1, it would always have to be a level 0 plus the subsequent level1s. So say that you take a weekly level 0, and a level 1 on the days in between, on the 6th day after the level 0, you will have one level 0, plus each incremental since then to satisfy the RECOVERY WINDOW of 3 days.
You could also look at taking level 2s, to reduce your backup footprint even further, i.e, weekly level 0, followed by a level 1, followed by a level 2, followed by a level 1, etc...
Here's an example of a cumulative-incremental backup strategy:
[Multi-level RMAN Backup Strategy|http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96566/rcmconc1.htm]

Can we take Incremental backups without Level 0 backups

Kindly share the procedure if any by which we can initiate an incremental backup without Level 0 backup

Kindly share the procedure if any by which we can initiate an incremental backup without Level 0 backup
There is NO such procedure.
You can't 'increment' something that doesn't exist can you?
Please increment the previous number by 1. Can you do that? Of course not because there IS no previous number.
BY DEFINITION (see the doc) an incremental backup for any level but 0 REQUIRES a previous backup:
an incremental backup copies only those data blocks that have changed since a previous backup
A level 1 incremental backup can be either of the following types:
A differential incremental backup, which backs up all blocks changed after the most recent incremental backup at level 1 or 0
A cumulative incremental backup, which backs up all blocks changed after the most recent incremental backup at level 0
Incremental backups are differential by default.

Question about using an incremental backup to update a standby

We have a 2TB Oracle 10g database with a standby and the application that uses it is about to be updated. We're using cumulative incremental backups with block change tracking to back it up with weekly level 0 backups. The application upgrade will be making a lot of changes (several hundred GB) and we have stop the standby during the upgrade process as a quick way to get back (we don't have the space for a flashback recovery) in the event that there are issues with the upgrade. We can just let the archivelogs back up and get them over to the standby and applied once they decide they like the upgrade but, it looks like it would be simpler and perhaps quicker to use an incremental backup to update the standby. I probably won't but, If we do that, it looks like we can turn off archivelogs in the primary and not deal with them at all. I've never tried this but, I do have some questions.
Does it make sense to take this approach?
If we were to turn off archivelogs in the primary, would that have any effect on block change tracking? I don't see why it would but, had to ask. Of course, we would turn archivelogs back on and take a level 1 backup after the upgrade.
Thanks in advance for the education.

Funny you should mention that rolling upgrade, I'm actually planning to do that in another environment. My testing says it works pretty well and I'll be able to move a 400GB database to new hardware and upgrade it to 11g with very little downtime. However, in this case, the database is not being upgraded. The application is. It's just that, as part of that upgrade, there are a lot of updates and I'd just as soon not deal with the archivelogs for that. Here's what I was thinking about:
Set logs shipping to defer in the primary.
Stop log apply in the standby.
Turn off archivelogs in the primary.
Do the application update.
If they like the results, turn archivelogs back on in the primary.
Take an rman incremental backup from scn in the primary.
Apply the incremental backup to the standby.
Start log log apply in the standby.
Start log shipping in the primary.
The process for getting and using the incremental is described here:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14191/rcmdupdb.htm#BGBCEBJG
This isn't your regular incremental backup.
So, am I the only crazy one? Has anyone else tried this?

Mix Incremental Backups?

Hi all,
can I mix incremental backups. for example, some days do differential incremental backups and other days do cumulative incremental backups?
thanks!!!!

Up to which point in time do you want to restore? If you have a failure after the differential backup on Thursday and you want to perform a complete recovery, RMAN needs the level 0 backup, the cumulative backup from Wednesday and the differential backup from Thursday. RMAN ignores the differential backups from Monday and Tuesday.
For a point in time recovery before the Wednesday cumulative backup, RMAN would need the level 0 backup and both differential backups from Monday and Tuesday.
That's the principle,if there's a cumulative backup available,all differential backups made before this backup are not needed for recovery AFTER the cumulative backup was made.
Werner

Rman level

hi all
i would like to know the how many level of rman backup is available
increment level 0 and increment level 1 and increment level 2
how all this are differ from each other or what is the difference between this and what name we can use for instance differential incremental or cumulative incremental for level 1 and level 2
Regards

<from-documentation>
Incremental backups can be either level 0 or level 1. A level 0 incremental backup, which is the base for subsequent incremental backups, copies all blocks containing data, backing the datafile up into a backup set just as a full backup would.
The only difference between a level 0 incremental backup and a full backup is that a full backup is never included in an incremental strategy.
</from-documentation>
Oracle® Database Backup and Recovery Basics
RMAN Incremental Backups
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14192/bkup004.htm

How do you plan RMAN backup for small and Large DBs ?

DB version:11.2.0.3/RHEL 5.8
I have 2 scenarios for which I was asked to come up with Backup strategies by the application stakeholders.
I have devised the following strategies . Any comments ?
Scenario 1
===========
I have a large DB of 4TB in size. This DB is very critical and acceptable downtime for this DB is only 30 minutes.My Backup strategy: Incrementally updated Backup using Image copy to FRA
Scenario2:
===========
DB sizes vary from 40gb to 800gb. Acceptable downtime : 1 hour
My Backup strategy : cumulative incremental backup to tape

Only testing you will get the answer.
I've seen many cases the technology is adequate but the procedure is wrong.
Oracle provides multiple ways to perform database recovery.
You need to create recovery scenario for each type of failure. (such as Storage failure, block corrupted, Human errors,etc)
Eg: The User deleted data from a table causing major outage in its application.
What is the procedure to be followed?
The simplest is to restore the data using flashback (based Undo) which can take seconds.
(note: Flashback using undo based does not need feature flashback database enabled).
Believe the main cause of failures in databases today are caused by human error and that sometimes can be resolved simply and quickly.
About Backup/Restore strategies:
"Speed" you usually depends on the hardware resources available to you achieving the desired time.
I can post here a ton of options, but I think your answer will be answered in the tests and procedures (scripts) already prepared to perform this restore.

Level 0 & level 1

Hi,
Below is example backup strategy.
Sunday - Level 0 (Full)
Monday - Level 1 (Difference between 0 & 1)
Tuesday - Level 1
Question 1:
now on Tuesday will it take backup from last level 0 or last level 1?
Question 2:
Does backup of archive log follows retention policy?
Thanks in advance.

Hi Sohil!
Your first question depends on what kind of incremental backup you do. There are two kinds of incremental backups:
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 database;This will start a differential backup which means that only the differences from the preceding backup, which is the a level 1 backup in your example but it may also be a level 0 backup, will be taken.
BACKUP CUMULATIVE INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 database;This second example starts a cumulative incremental backup wich means that all differences between now and the last level 0 backup will be backed up.
To your second question: All backups including the backups of your archive logs follow your retention policy.
I hope that will help you along.
yours sincerely
Florian W.

Cumulative Incremental?

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