Custom Designed Font Drawing

Er - I feel really dumb because I really have NO idea how fonts
work or how theyre implemented.
I was wondering if anyone had a good conceptual grasp on
font files and how they are made into graphics.
For example...
I look in C:\Windows\Fonts and there is the Arial TTF file 359 Kb
When im in a program and I set the font to Arial -
when I press a button is the corresponding letter looked up
in this file every time or is it loaded into the program somehow?
Is the font shape defined by a pixel array... like, each pixel
on off?
Im doing a custom graphics program and im implementing
something "font-like".
but using the font example: say i stored 26 letters + 10 numbers
as a 8 * 12 pixel pic, each represented as a boolean
that is (26 + 10) * ( 8 * 12 ) * ( 2 ) = 6912 bits and
1kb = 1024 bytes = 8192 bits
so its almost a kb.
I guess im more worried about how fast a form can be read /
converted from a file and drawn.
Has anyone else implemented any custom font / image drawing?

so no font experts huh, lol?

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