Difference between batch and lot size

What is the difference between batch size and lot size. How do these quantities relate to production planning & machine capacity planning.
Regards

Hi,
Lot size: Some times specific materials are not referred individually but are represented in groups or lots.
When we maintian BOM/production version/routing it is sometime convinenit to maintain compoenent qty / operaion times ect.. for speciifc lots .. we also call them base qty.
we can create different master data for different lot sizes and it is consider in auto selection of this master data in production orders.
MRP can also intiate procurement / production in speciifc lots and this lot size in size is maintained in material master ans lot sizing procedure is maintianed in MRP customiziation.
Batch Size: some times batch size and lot size can be interheprited same in busienss langauge but they have fundamental
difference from SAP point of view. .
In SAP Batch is homoginious non reproducible Unit of material. The batch zise depends on GR qty of the specific batch.

Similar Messages

Difference between Batch and Serial Numbers

Hi,
Can anybody explain the difference between Serial numbers and Batches. Which business process use these and their advantages.
Rewards for the right answers.
Regards
Goutham

>
goutham p wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Can anybody explain the difference between Serial numbers and Batches. Which business process use these and their advantages.
>
> Rewards for the right answers.
>
> Regards
> Goutham
HI Goutham,
Serial Number: is nothing but normal numbering to uniquely identify every single piece of product.
Say in mobile industry every mobile has unique IMSI number that can be thought of as its serial number.
Given a serial number you can pin point the particular piece of product.
Batch Number:
Is Nothing but combining the products produced under certain conditions in a batch.
For Example in Oil industry if we talk about 2T oil etc the viscosity, Density etc are quite important.
Now due to slight variations in production the Viscosity Density would not be exactly same for 2 different lots.
So we maintain Batch where we put classification Criteria in Classification view in Material Master.
If the criteria are for example Viscosity and density
Batch1 could be Viscosity=100 density=10
Batch2 Could be Viscosity=110.5 Density=9.71
So while selling by knowing Batch number we can tell the customer about the properties.
Also you would have heard about recall of all the vehicles of Batch so and so from toyota.
Recently Nokia called off all the Batteries BL-5C batteries of a batch.
The reason is they were all manufactured at one time and hence since one of them had that error all would have had the same. So the whole batch can be recalled.
Reward if helpful
-Abhishek

'Start of Lot Size Grouping' and 'Lot Size Strategy' parameters

Hello,
For "by period" lot sizing procedure, could anyone explain the difference between:
- "Start of Lot Size Grouping" flagged with "Lot Size Strategy": 1
- "Start of Lot Size Grouping" flagged with "Lot Size Strategy": blank ?
I have played around with both options and both produced the same result. If anyone could provide some insight , I would appreciate it.
Many thanks in advance.

Hi Datta,
Thank you for your help.
You indicated that the "The first period of the grouping horizon can be different than the period in which demand exists".
How would the first period be different? What other elements could be considered for the start of the horizon?
For example,   Periodic Lot of 4 weeks, Lot Size Strategy 1 or blank and Start of Lot Sizing Group Flagged produced the exactly same result. What is interesting about it, is that with Lot Size Strategy "blank" the group production quantity is placed in a bucket where there is no demand. The results with Lot Size Strategy "1" makes sense as I have the grouped quantity placed in a bucket where I have shortage due to Safety Days requirement and not necessarily demand.
                             w1     w2     w3     w4     w5     w6         w7            w8
Total Demand     125     42     42     41          110     37     73
Production (Planned)     223                    244
Days´ Supply     58     53     48     43     58     53     48     43
Safety Days´ Supply     43     43     43     43     43     43     43     43
Any thoughts? Many thanks in advance.

Difference between batch input method and batch input recording in LSMW?

hi,
plz tell me the difference between batch input method and batch input recording in LSMW?
thanks & regards
Ruban

Hi Ruban,
The main difference between the two is in lsmw we can view the code status at any time just by coming to prvious steps, but whereas in batch input method unless the recording is finished we cant view the code.
second diff is tht we need to do lot of coding in batch inptu whereas here in lsmw we need not do much coding and mapping to data.
third diff is that batch input is both inbound and outbound where as lsmw is only inbound.
hope u got the differences.....
Regards,
sana M...

Looking for new laptop what are the differences between pro and air? Besides size. Does the air preform like the pro?

Looking for new laptop what are the differences between pro and air? Besides size. Does the air preform like the pro?

The NEW macbook Pro and Air are EXTREMELY close in form factor
The newest macbook Pro is essentially a larger macbook Air with Retina display and options for speed in increasing prices up to an independent graphics and quad core processor.
both Air and new Pro now have PCIe SSD and permanent RAM.
The Air is the lightweight portable form factor, fast to boot and shut down, but with longer battery life than any of the macbook pro in 13"
Now the new macbook Pro and macbook Air are extremely close in form factor and nature.
both have 802ac wifi
both have permanent RAM, no superdrive
both are slim profiles and SSD
The only real differences now are (in the most expensive Pros) faster processors and quadcore processors and top end model autonomous graphics.
....and of course the retina display
both are now "very good for travel"
Other than features the form factor of the Air and Pro are VERY close now,....so now its merely a matter of features and price more than anything.
You need an external HD regardless of what you get for backups etc. Drop into an Apple store and handle both and make your choice based on features, such as Retina or non-retina, .... both at a distance now look like the same computer.
The Pro weighs more, ....but nowhere near what it used to just a month ago on the older macbook Pros
The NEW macbook Pro is a different creature entirely than the older macbook Pro, .....the new Pro is thicker than the Air, but id frankly call the NEWEST Pro a "macbook Air with Retina display" , or
Maybe a “macbook Air PRO with Retina display”
Instead of Air VS Pro now,.....its really a smooth transition from Air to pro without comparing say, 2 different creatures, now its like contrasting a horse from a race horse.
Either one in 8gig of RAM (preferably)... the 4gig upgrade costs very little, the I7 you will notice only 15% faster on heavy applications over the I5, and NOTHING on most APPS.....I5 has longer battery life.
As you see below, the non-Retina 13" AIR is 82% of the Macbook with Retina display in resolution
there is no magical number of pixels per inch that automatically equates to Retina quality.
http://www.cultofmac.com/168509/why-you-might-be-disappointed-by-the-resolution- of-those-new-retina-display-macs-feature/
A huge internal SSD isnt a game changer for anything, you need an external HD anyway
what you WONT READ on Apple.com etc. is that the larger SSD are MUCH FASTER due to SSD density
"The 512GB Samsung SSD found in our 13-inch model offers roughly a 400MB/s increase in write speeds over the 128GB SanDisk/Marvell SSD"
http://blog.macsales.com/19008-performance-testing-not-all-2013-macbook-air-ssds -are-the-same
Here is an excellent video comparison between the 11” I5 vs. I7 2013 Macbook Air.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDqJ-on03z4
http://www.anandtech.com/show/7113/2013-macbook-air-core-i5-4250u-vs-core-i7-465 0u/2
I5 vs. I7 performance 13” Macbook Air 2013
Boot performance
11.7 I5 ……11.4 I7
Cinebench
1.1 I5….1.41 I7
IMovie Import and Opt.
6.69 I5….5.35 I7
IMovie Export
10.33 I5…8.20 I7
Final Cut Pro X
21.47 I5…17.71 I7
Adobe Lightroom 3 Export
25.8 I5….31.8 I7
Adobe Photoshop CS5 Performance
27.3 I5…22.6 I7
Reviews of the newest Retina 2013 Macbook Pro
13”
Digital Trends (13") - http://www.digitaltrends.com/laptop-...h-2013-review/
LaptopMag (13") - http://www.laptopmag.com/reviews/lap...play-2013.aspx
Engadget (13") - http://www.engadget.com/2013/10/29/m...-13-inch-2013/
The Verge (13") - http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/30/5...ay-review-2013
CNet (13") - http://www.cnet.com/laptops/apple-ma...-35831098.html
15”
The Verge (15") - http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/24/5...w-15-inch-2013
LaptopMag (15") - http://www.laptopmag.com/reviews/lap...inch-2013.aspx
TechCrunch (15") - http://techcrunch.com/2013/10/25/lat...ok-pro-review/
CNet (15") - http://www.cnet.com/apple-macbook-pro-with-retina-2013/
PC Mag (15") - http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2426359,00.asp
Arstechnica (15") - http://arstechnica.com/apple/2013/10...-pro-reviewed/
Slashgear (15") - http://www.slashgear.com/macbook-pro...2013-26303163/

What's the difference between batch class type 022 and 023?

Hi Guys,
I find that some of my SAP client only have class 022 and some have 023, but no client has them all. I don't know why it happed.
So what's the difference between batch class type 022 and 023? Which setting decide which class to be used ?
Thanks.

Hi nitin,
Read http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=212819&highlight=022 you will know the difference between 022 and 023 .
Use tcode OMCT you can switch batch level .

The difference between batch class type 022 and 023

what's difference between batch class type 022 and 023? 023 is described as standard batch class type, but there is only 022 type exists in my system. can i use 022?

Hi,
both classes mean the same, but which class is used is decieded by batch level. In case of material level or client level the system use automatically only class 023. If you define batch level to plant the system use automatically class 022.
Regards,
Abhee.

Difference between batch input method and direct input method in LSMW.

Hi all,
what is difference between batch input method and direct input method in LSMW. are they same?if differences are there tell me with details?

Hi,
Here are few differences bw Batch Input and Direct Inputs methods.
Batch Input: Uses classical BDC approach, but doesn't required an ABAP program to be written to format the BDC DATA. The user has to format the data using predefined structures and store it in a flat file. Yet it is a slower updation method.
Direct Input: Works similar to Batch Input programs. The difference is, instead of processing screens they validate fields and directly load the data into tables using standard function modules. Much faster and suits for large volume of data.
Thanks.
DhanaLakshmi M S

What is the difference between Batch determination and Batch derivation?

Please explain the difference between batch determination and batch derivation.

Hello Kishore,,
Please refer below thread for your issue
Batch derivation
Batch Derivation Overview with exampl
SAP Batch Derivation - SAPs'WORD - We SAP For Your Cause
Batch Determination
SAP Batch Determination - SAPs'WORD - We SAP For Your Cause
I hope this document provide you enough knowledge of batch derivation and Determination
I hope this information help to you
Regards
Umesh Mali

Difference between Batch input and Direct Input

Hi please tell me the difference between Batch Input and Direct Input in BDC?

hi aparna,
DIRECT INPUT
TO ENTER THE DATA INTO THE CORRESPONDING DATABASE TABLES DIRECTLY, THE SYSTEM CALLS A NUMBER OF FUNCTION MODULES THAT EXECUTE ANY NECESSARY CHECKS. IN CASE OF ERRORS, THE DIRECT INPUT TECHNIQUE PROVIDES A RESTART MECHANISM. HOWEVER, TO BE ABLE TO ACTIVATE THE RESTART MECHANISM, DIRECT INPUT PROGRAMS MUST BE EXECUTED IN THE BACKGROUND ONLY. DIRECT INPUT CHECKS THE DATA THOROUGHLY AND THEN UPDATES THE DATABASE DIRECTLY.
TO MAINTAIN AND STRAT THESE PROGRAMS, USE PGM RBMVSHOW OR THE TRANSACTION BMVO.
BATCH INPUT
TYPES SESSION METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, DIRECT INPUT.
TO SAVE DATA IN THE BDCTAB, USE THE FIELDNAME BDC_OKCODE AND FIELD VALUE OF /11.
BDCDATA
THIS IS A STRUCTURE WHICH CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING FIELDS.
PROGRAM NAME OF TH MOD PROG ASSOCIATED WITH THE SCREEN. SET ONLY FOR THE FIRST RECORD OF THE SCREEN.
DYNPRO SCREEN NUMBER. ALSO SET ONLY FOR FIRST RECORD.
DYNBEGIN INDICATES THE FIRST RECORD OF THE SCREEN. SET X FOR FIRST RECORD OTHERWISE .
FNAM FIELD NAME.
FVAL VALUE FOR THE FIELD NAMED IN FNAM.
THE FIRST STEP IN BDC IS TO UPLOAD DATA FROM THE FLAT FILE OR SEQUENTIAL FILE TO THIS BDCTABLE.
SESSION METHOD
WE USE 3 FUNCTION MODULES IN THIS SESSION METHOD.
1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP
 USER NAME: USER NAME
 GROUP: NAME OF THE SESSION
 LOCK DATE: THE DATE ON WHICH YOU WANT TO PROCESS THE SESSION.
 KEEP: THIS PARAMETER IS PASSED AS X WHEN YOU WANT TO RETAIN SESSION AFTER PROCESSING IT OR TO DELETE IT AFTER PROCESSING.
THIS CREATES A SESSION
2) BDC_INSERT
 TCODE: TRANSACTION NAME
 DYNPROTAB: BDC DATA
THIS CREATES A SEESION AND DATA IS TRANSFERRED O SESSION.
3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP THIS CLOSES THE BDC GROUP.
ONLY ONE SESSION CAN BE CREATED USING BDC_OPEN_GROUP. BUT MULTIPLE TRANSACTIONS CAN BE PROCESSED USING BDC_INSERT.
CALL TRANSACTION
CALL TRANSACTION <TCODE> USING <BDCTAB>
 MODE <A/N/E>
 UPDATE <S/A>
 MESSAGES INTO <MSGTAB>.
A ALL SCREEN MODE. ALL THE SCREEN OF THE TRANSACTION ARE DISPLAYED.
N NO SCREEN MODE. NO SCREEN IS DISPLAYED WHEN YOU EXECUTE THE TRANSACTION.
E ERROR SCREEN. IF THE SCREEN HAS ERROR RECORD, THEN THAT SCREEN WILL BE DISPLAYED.
S - IF YOU CHANGE DATA OF ONE TABLE THEN ALL THE RELATED TABLES GETS UPDATED. AND SY-SUBRC IS RETURNED I.E., SY-SUBRC IS RETURNED FOR ONCE AND ALL.
A - WHEN YOU CHANGE DATA OF ONE TABLE, THE SY-SUBRC IS RETURNED. AND THEN UPDATING OF OTHER AFFECTED TABLES TAKES PLACE. SO IF SYSTEM FAILS TO UPDATE OTHER TABLES, STILL SY-SUBRC RETURNED IS 0 (I.E., WHEN FIRST TABLE GETS UPDATED
WHEN YOU UPDATE DATABASE TABLE, OPERATION IS EITHER SUCCESSFUL OR UNSUCCESSFUL OR OPERATION IS SUCCESSFUL WITH SOME WARNING. THESE MESSAGES ARE STORED IN INTERNAL TABLE, WHICH YOU SPECIFY ALONG WITH MESSAGE STATEMENT. THIS INTERNAL TABLE SHOULD BE DECLARED LIKE BDCMSGCOLL, A STRUCTURE AVAILABLE IN ABAP/4. IT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING FIELDS: TCODE, DYNAME, DYNUMB, MSGTYP, MSGID.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SESSION AND CALL TRANSACTION
 SESSION METHOD CALL TRANSACTION
1. DATA IS NOT UPDATED IN DATABASE TABLE UNLESS SESSION IS PROCESSED. IMMEDIATE UPDATION IN DATABASE TABLE.
2. NO SY-SUBRC IS RETURNED. SY-SUBRC IS RETURNED.
3. ERROR LOG IS CREATED FOR ERROR RECORDS. ERRORS NEED TO BE HANDLED EXPLICITLY
4. UPDATION IN DATABASE TABLE IS ALWAYS SYNCHRONOUS
 UPDATION IN DATABASE TABLE CAN BE SYNCHRONOUS OR ASYNCHRONOUS.
5. ASYNCHRONOUS PROCESSING SYNCHRONOUS PROCESSING
6. TRANSFERS DATA FOR SINGLE TRANSACTIONS TRANSFERS DATA FOR MULTIPLE TRANSACTIONS
ERROR HANDLING IN CALL TRANSACTION
1) CREATE AN INTERNAL TABLE SIMILAR TO THE STRUCTURE OF YOUR LOCAL FILE.
2) CREATE BDCTAB LIKE BDCDATA.
3) CREATE BDCMSG LIKE BDCMSGCOLL.
4) CREATE AN INTERNAL TABLE SIMILAR TO THE 1ST INTERNAL TABLE.
5) UPLOAD FN UPLOADS DATA FROM THE LOCAL FILE TO THE ITAB.
6) LOOP AT ITAB.
POPULATE BDCTAB TABLE.
CALL TRANSACTION STATEMENT.
PERFORM CHECK.
REFRESH BDCTAB.
ENDLOOP.
7) FORM CHECK.
IF SY_SUBRC <> 0.
CALL FUNCTION FORMAT_MESSAGE.
APPEND ITAB2.
ENDFORM.
TRANSACTION FOR RECORDING SHDB.
MAX TIME ALLOWED FOR ONLINE EXECUTION 300 SECONDS.

Pls reward if helpful.

Office 2013 installed with KB2817430, windowsupdate still finds KB2850036. difference between KB2817430 and KB2850036

Hi,
I've made a silent Office 2013 installer with /admin and put SP1 MSP's in the updates folder.
After deployment under installed updates it shows: Service Pack 1 for Microsoft Office 2013 (KB2817430) 32-Bit Edition
But when I check for new updates, "ServicePack 1 for Microsoft Office 2013 (KB2850036) 32-Bit Edition" is ready for download and install.
What is the difference between KB2817430 and KB2850036?
It seems that I cannot download KB2850036 and also integrate it in the silent installation.
Another question: Is the updates folder from Office only for servicepacks? or can I put also updates and patches MSP files in here? If yes then i've got a lot of files with the same name and different files sizes. For example After extracting SP1 I've got
the file "proofsp-en-us.msp" which is 10MB and when extracting another patch also i've got a proof-en-us.msp and is 8MB.
So which one need to go in the updates folder?
Can anyone help me out?
thanks

Hi,
As can be seen from below KB articles, KB2817430 only contains Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Office 2013, whereas KB2850036 also contains Service Pack 1 (SP1) updates for other Office 2013 related desktop products. For example, Microsoft Office 2013
Language Pack, Project 2013, SharePoint Designer 2013, Office Proofing Tools 2013, etc.:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2850036
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2817430
So if you have any of these products on your computer, Windows Update might offer related updates to you.
Regarding the Updates folder issue, you can put any Office software updates in it during the initial installation, such as service packs or hotfixes. A newer patch might make changes to a specific file, you can check the version number of that file, and keep
the newer one in the folder.
Here is the reference you will need:
http://blogs.technet.com/b/office_resource_kit/archive/2011/05/05/using-the-updates-folder-to-deploy-software-updates-with-an-office-2010-installation.aspx
(Note, it was created against Office 2010, however the steps should hold good for Office 2013)
Regards,
Ethan Hua
TechNet Community Support
It's recommended to download and install
Configuration Analyzer Tool (OffCAT), which is developed by Microsoft Support teams. Once the tool is installed, you can run it at any time to scan for hundreds of known issues in Office
programs.
Please remember to mark the replies as answers if they help, and unmark the answers if they provide no help. If you have feedback for TechNet Support, contact
[email protected]

Difference between logical and virtual terms

Hello,
This is not purely oracle question; but in documentation so many times we find 2 terms:
A. Logical
B.Virtual.
So what is the principle difference between logical and virtual? As I know physical is that which I can see and touch; while logical/virtual is that is imaginary. We say tablespace is logical not virtual; while Java Virtual Machine; not Java Logical Machine. So I want to know; what is the principle difference; why two words for an imaginary thing. Before posting question; I searched in google as “Difference between virtual and logical” but I couldn’t found the answer.
Please quote your comments.
Thanks & Kind Regards
Girish Sharma

Girish,
I wont say that I am correcting you as this is like that half glass full/empty thing.May be what I see is half empty , you would see the same as half full.
Well now coming to the explanation.I am saying honestly , I got more confused after reading your definitions.What do you mean by saing that tablespace is not virtual.I see it as purely virtual.We don't say it as virtual tablespace or logical tablespace but it is actualy logical/virtual, having no existance but just the definition right?
How can you say that the size of virtual is larger than logcial?The size of tablespace is actualy the sum total of size of datafiles.So it actualy becomes very larger right?Much larger than JVM which is of few megs only.
The point 3 totally knocked me out.I have no idea what you said.
Ok I tell you this.Just remember the definition that Hans gave already.If you ask me than its the best definition that we can have. Just remember this and if some one asks you more further than give them your point 3 definition and tell them understand this ;-).Please don'tmind I am just kidding. Its just semantics.Don't get lost into it.You will find many people using both the terms interchangibly. So its ok.I shall stick with Hans's defintion,simple and concise.There are lot more other topics to dig upon in oracle.I can mail you lots of them.Spend time on those.Don't think that I am demotivating you.I understand you asked only because you have a doubt.But we got a good resolution of it and beyond that, its not of much use to dig it atleast not in the technial terms.
Cheers
Aman....
PS:Are you on oraclecommunity.net?

Differences between standard and pro versions

I was reading the comparision of these two Acrobat versions and for Pro it says:
Edit and enhance photos to add to your PDF communications with Adobe Photoshop® CS5.
Quickly transform static PowerPoint slides into compelling, interactive PDF presentations with Adobe Presenter
Rapidly combine screen recordings, narration, video, slides, and more into a rich media experience with Adobe Captivate® 5
Does that mean that the Pro version includes Photoshop, Presenter and Captivate programs as well? Or, what are the differences? As an aside, the new look and feel of the Adobe website is confusing at best. Seems geared to being flashy, not useful.
Regards, David

Acrobat does not included those other packages. One of the pages that always struck me funny (maybe I have a twisted mind) but has this artistic background is the updates page. The background looks like a lacy bra to me. It is the first thing that comes to mind every time I see it. That is a problem with abstract images (that are typically unnecessary and waste bandwidth), that a lot is in the eye of the beholder. Actually, I have heard from many others that also see the bra.
OK, back to Acrobat. There are several aspects of Acrobat that allow you to have links to the other products built in, but they are not included. The page at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobatpro/buying-guide.html?promoid=JIJYS provides some info, but a lot is missing. For instance there are differences with PDF Optimize and Reduce File Size I think (sorry, I do not have Std to check). One important one that is part of pro is the preflight option. Apparently Std does not include portfolios or allow PDF comparison according to the chart.
If you are into forms, then Std apparently will do them as AcroForms (my preference, partially because of familiarity), but does not include Designer if that was your preference. Some of the enabling for Reader is not available in Std. Also, Std does not allow embedding Flash. Std is limited for some of the products that include PDF Maker (not a big one for me, but might be important to you).
That is a quick summary based on the chart. However, be aware there are some other features that the chart does not seem to cover. For the difference between Std and Pro, I would suggest getting Pro. The big hit is the initial cost of the product, not the step up to Pro. In a business plan consider the time that might be wasted trying to do some of the things in Pro that are not in Std. Those are the types of issues to consider. Many folks consider the cost to be large, and for a small business it is. However, in the long term it may be worth the cost.
Keep in mind that many large CAD packages in engineering run about $30,000 for a single license, half the cost of the engineer that would use it. Some other tools are about $15,000. In that view, Acrobat is cheap (except for cheapskates like me).

MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PARALLEL AND SEQUENTAIL PRCESSING???

HI PALS,
I WANT THE COMPLETE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PARALLEL AND SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING!
IN THE CONTEXT OF RFC.

Hi
Parallel Processing
To achieve a balanced distribution of the system load, you can use destination additions to execute function modules in parallel tasks in any application server or in a predefined application server group of an SAP system.
Parallel-processing is implemented with a special variant of asynchonous RFC. Itu2019s important that you use only the correct variant for your own parallel processing applications: the CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK DESTINATION IN GROUP keyword. Using other variants of asynchronous RFC circumvents the built-in safeguards in the correct keyword, and can bring your system to its knees
Details are discussed in the following subsections:
·        Prerequisites for Parallel Processing
·        Function Modules and ABAP Keywords for Parallel Processing
·        Managing Resources in Parallel Processing
Prerequisites for Parallel Processing
Before you implement parallel processing, make sure that your application and your SAP system meet these requirements:
·        Logically-independent units of work:
The data processing task that is to be carried out in parallel must be logically independent of other instances of the task. That is, the task can be carried out without reference to other records from the same data set that are also being processed in parallel, and the task is not dependent upon the results of others of the parallel operations. For example, parallel processing is not suitable for data that must be sequentially processed or in which the processing of one data item is dependent upon the processing of another item of the data.
By definition, there is no guarantee that data will be processed in a particular order in parallel processing or that a particular result will be available at a given point in processing.
·        ABAP requirements:
¡        The function module that you call must be marked as externally callable. This attribute is specified in the Remote function call supported field in the function module definition (transaction SE37).
¡        The called function module may not include a function call to the destination u201CBACK.u201D
¡        The calling program should not change to a new internal session after making an asynchronous RFC call. That is, you should not use SUBMIT or CALL TRANSACTION in such a report after using CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK.
¡        You cannot use the CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK DESTINATION IN GROUP keyword to start external programs.
·        System resources:
In order to process tasks from parallel jobs, a server in your SAP system must have at least 3 dialog work processes. It must also meet the workload criteria of the parallel processing system: Dispatcher queue less than 10% full, at least one dialog work process free for processing tasks from the parallel job.
Function Modules and ABAP Keywords for Parallel Processing
You can implement parallel processing in your applications by using the following function modules and ABAP keywords:
·        SPBT_INITIALIZE: Optional function module.
Use to determine the availability of resources for parallel processing.
You can do the following:
¡        check that the parallel processing group that you have specified is correct.
¡        find out how many work processes are available so that you can more efficiently size the packets of data that are to be processed in your data.
·        CALL FUNCTION Remotefunction STARTING NEW TASK Taskname DESTINATION IN GROUP:
With this ABAP statement, you are telling the SAP system to process function module calls in parallel. Typically, youu2019ll place this keyword in a loop in which you divide up the data that is to be processed into work packets. You can pass the data that is to be processed in the form of an internal table (EXPORT, TABLE arguments). The keyword implements parallel processing by dispatching asynchronous RFC calls to the servers that are available in the RFC server group specified for the processing.
Note that your RFC calls with CALL FUNCTION are processed in work processes of type DIALOG. The DIALOG limit on processing of one dialog step (by default 300 seconds, system profile parameter rdisp/max_wprun_time) applies to these RFC calls. Keep this limit in mind when you divide up data for parallel processing calls.
·        SPBT_GET_PP_DESTINATION: Optional function module.
Call immediately after the CALL FUNCTION keyword to get the name of the server on which the parallel processing task will be run.
·        SPBT_DO_NOT_USE_SERVER: Optional function module.
Excludes a particular server from further use for processing parallel processing tasks. Use in conjunction with SPBT_GET_PP_DESTINATION if you determine that a particular server is not available for parallel processing (for example, COMMUNICATION FAILURE exception if a server becomes unavailable).
·        WAIT: ABAP keyword
WAIT UNTIL
Required if you wish to wait for all of the asynchronous parallel tasks created with CALL FUNCTION to return. This is normally a requirement for orderly background processing. May be used only if the CALL FUNCTION includes the PERFORMING ON RETURN addition.
·        RECEIVE: ABAP keyword
RECEIVE RESULTS FROM FUNCTION Remotefunction
Required if you wish to receive the results of the processing of an asynchronous RFC. RECEIVE retrieves IMPORT and TABLE parameters as well as messages and return codes.
Managing Resources in Parallel Processing
You use the following destination additions to perform parallel execution of function modules (asynchronous calls) in the SAP system:
In a predefined group of application servers:
CALL FUNCTION Remotefunction STARTING NEW TASK Taskname
DESTINATION IN GROUP Groupname
In all currently available and active application servers:
CALL FUNCTION Remotefunction STARTING NEW TASK Taskname
DESTINATION IN GROUP DEFAULT
Sequential Processing
In the following cases, the system chooses sequential (non-parallel) processing:
●      In table RSADMIN, entry QUERY_MAX_WP_DIAG has value (column value) 1.
●      The entire query consists of one sub-access only.
●      The query is running in a batch process.
●      The query was started from the query monitor (transaction RSRT) using various debug options (for example, SQL query display, execution plan display). See, Dividing a MultiProvider Query into Sub-Queries.
●      The query requests non-cumulative key figures.
●      Insufficient dialog processes are available when the query is executed. These are required for parallel processing.
●      The query is configured for non-parallel processing.
●      You want to save the result of the query in a file or a table.
In Release SAP NetWeaver 7.0, the system can efficiently manage the large intermediate results produced by parallel processing. In previous releases, the system terminated when it reached a particular intermediate result size and proceeded to read data sequentially. This is no longer the case. Therefore, the RSADMIN parameter that was used in previous releases for reading a MultiProvider sequentially is no longer used.
Reward If Helpfull,
Naresh

Differences between awt and swing

Ive written the following code, however Ive implemented the gui in awt rather then swing. Ive been told it hs too be in swing. What is the difference between swing and awt what will I need to change in my program so that its done using swing rather then the awt? Heres the code:
// pp.java
// Grant Brown
// 22/02/02
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
// =========================================================
// Class: pp
// This class drives the customer manager. It contains the
// main method which gets called as soon as this application
// begins to run.
// =========================================================
class pp extends Frame implements ActionListener
// Container of customer objects
private Vector customers = new Vector (100);
// List of names component. (Must specify java.awt in
// front of List to distinguish the List class in the
// java.awt package from the List class in the java.util
// package.)
private java.awt.List names = new java.awt.List ();
// Delete and update button components.
private Button delete;
private Button update;
// Default constructor.
public pp ()
// Assign "Paper Round Manager" to title bar of frame window.
super ("Paper Round Manager");
// Add a listener that responds to window closing
// events. When this event occurs (by clicking on the
// close box in the title bar), save customers and exit.
addWindowListener (new WindowAdapter ()
public void windowClosing
(WindowEvent e)
saveCustomers ();
System.exit (0);
// Place an empty label in the north part of the frame
// window. This is done to correct an AWT positioning
// problem.
Label l = new Label ();
add ("North", l);
// Place the names component in the center part of the
// frame window.
add ("Center", names);
// Create a panel object to hold four buttons.
Panel p = new Panel ();
Button b;
// Add an Insert button to the Panel object and register
// the current pp object as a listener for button events.
p.add (b = new Button ("Insert"));
b.addActionListener (this);
// Add a Delete button to the Panel object and register
// the current pp object as a listener for button events.
p.add (delete = new Button ("Delete"));
delete.addActionListener (this);
// The Delete button should be disabled until there is at
// least one customer to delete.
delete.setEnabled (false);
// Add an Update button to the Panel object and register
// the current pp object as a listener for button events.
p.add (update = new Button ("Update"));
update.addActionListener (this);
// The Update button should be disabled until there is at
// least one customer to update.
update.setEnabled (false);
// Add a Finish button to the Panel object and register
// the current customer object as a listener for button events.
p.add (b = new Button ("Finish"));
b.addActionListener (this);
// Add the panel object to the frame window container.
add ("South", p);
// Set the background of the frame window container to
// lightGray
setBackground (Color.lightGray);
// Set the size of the frame window container to 400
// pixels horizontally by 200 pixels vertically.
setSize (400, 200);
// Allow the user to resize the frame window.
setResizable (true);
// Load all contacts.
loadCustomers ();
// Make sure that the frame window is visible.
setVisible (true);
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Delete"))
delete ();
else
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Finish"))
saveCustomers ();
System.exit (0);
else
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Insert"))
insert ();
else
update ();
public Insets getInsets ()
// Return an Insets object that describes the number of
// pixels to reserve as a border around the edges of the
// frame window.
return new Insets (10, 10, 10, 10);
public static void main (String [] args)
// Create a new pp object and let it do its thing.
new pp ();
private void delete ()
// Obtain index of selected contact item from the names
// component.
int index = names.getSelectedIndex ();
// If no item was selected, index is -1. We cannot update
// a contact if no contact item in the names component was
// selected - because we would have nothing to work with.
if (index != -1)
// Remove the contact item from the names component.
names.remove (index);
// Remove the Customer object from the contacts Vector
// object.
customers.remove (index);
// If there are no more customers ...
if (customers.size () == 0)
delete.setEnabled (false);
update.setEnabled (false);
else
// Make sure that the first contact item in the names
// list is highlighted.
names.select (0);
private void insert ()
// Create an Insert data entry form to enter information
// for a new customer.
DataEntryForm def = new DataEntryForm (this, "Insert");
// If the bOk Boolean flag is set, this indicates the user
// exited the form by pressing the Ok button.
if (def.bOk)
// Create a Contact object and assign information from
// the form to its fields.
Customer temp = new Customer ();
temp.name = new String (def.name.getText ());
temp.publication = new String (def.publication.getText ());
temp.round = new String (def.round.getText ());
temp.address = new String (def.address.getText ());
temp.phone = new String (def.phone.getText ());
// Add a new customer item to the names component.
names.add (temp.name + ", " + temp.publication);
// Add the Customer object to the contacts Vector
// object.
customers.add (temp);
// Make sure that the Delete and Update buttons are
// enabled.
delete.setEnabled (true);
update.setEnabled (true);
// Destroy the dialouge box.
def.dispose ();
// Make sure that the first customer item in the names list
// is highlighted.
names.select (0);
// ===========================================================
// Load all contacts from contacts.dat into the contacts
// Vector object. Also, make sure that the last name/first
// name from each contact is combined into a String object and
// inserted into the names component - as a contact item.
// ===========================================================
private void loadCustomers ()
FileInputStream fis = null;
try
fis = new FileInputStream ("Customers.dat");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream (fis);
int nCustomers = dis.readInt ();
for (int i = 0; i < nCustomers; i++)
Customer temp = new Customer ();
temp.name = dis.readUTF ();
temp.publication = dis.readUTF ();
temp.round = dis.readUTF ();
temp.address = dis.readUTF ();
temp.phone = dis.readUTF ();
names.add (temp.name + ", " + temp.publication);
customers.add (temp);
if (nCustomers > 0)
delete.setEnabled (true);
update.setEnabled (true);
catch (IOException e)
finally
if (fis != null)
try
fis.close ();
catch (IOException e) {}
// Make sure that the first contact item in the names list
// is highlighted.
names.select (0);
// ========================================================
// Save all Customer objects from the customer Vector object
// to customer.dat. The number of customerss are saved as an
// int to make it easy for loadCustomers () to do its job.
// ========================================================
private void saveCustomers ()
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try
fos = new FileOutputStream ("customers.dat");
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (fos);
dos.writeInt (customers.size ());
for (int i = 0; i < customers.size (); i++)
Customer temp = (Customer) customers.elementAt (i);
dos.writeUTF (temp.name);
dos.writeUTF (temp.publication);
dos.writeUTF (temp.round);
dos.writeUTF (temp.address);
dos.writeUTF (temp.phone);
catch (IOException e)
MsgBox mb = new MsgBox (this, "PP Error",
e.toString ());
mb.dispose ();
finally
if (fos != null)
try
fos.close ();
catch (IOException e) {}
private void update ()
// Obtain index of selected customer item from the names
// component.
int index = names.getSelectedIndex ();
// If no item was selected, index is -1. We cannot update
// a customer if no customer item in the names component was
// selected - because we would have nothing to work with.
if (index != -1)
// Obtain a reference to the customer object (from the
// customers Vector object) that is associated with the
// index.
Customer temp = (Customer) customers.elementAt (index);
// Create and display an update entry form.
DataEntryForm def = new DataEntryForm (this, "Update",
temp.name,
temp.publication,
temp.round,
temp.address,
temp.phone);
// If the user pressed Ok...
if (def.bOk)
// Update the customer information in the customers
// Vector object.
temp.name = new String (def.name.getText ());
temp.publication = new String (def.publication.getText ());
temp.round = new String (def.round.getText ());
temp.address = new String (def.address.getText ());
temp.phone = new String (def.phone.getText ());
// Make sure the screen reflects the update.
names.replaceItem (temp.name + ", " + temp.publication,
index);
// Destroy the dialouge box.
def.dispose ();
// Make sure that the first customer item in the names
// list is highlighted.
names.select (0);

Ive doen pretty much what you said burt now my program isnt working at all. The window comes up but instead of doing something when you click the button it just throws shit loads of exceptions. Heres my abridged code
// pp.java
// Grant Brown
// 22/02/02
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
// =========================================================
// Class:PP
// This class drives the Paper Round manager. It contains the
// main method which gets called as soon as this application
// begins to run.
// =========================================================
class pp extends JFrame implements ActionListener
// Container of customer objects (one object per customer)
private Vector customers = new Vector (100);
// List of names component. (Must specify java.awt in
// front of List to distinguish the List class in the
// java.awt package from the List class in the java.util
// package.)
private java.awt.List names = new java.awt.List ();
// Delete and update button components.
private JButton delete;
private JButton update;
// Default constructor.
public pp ()
// Assign Contact Manager to title bar of frame window.
super ("Paper Round Manager");
// Add a listener that responds to window closing
// events. When this event occurs (by clicking on the
// close box in the title bar), save contacts and exit.
addWindowListener (new WindowAdapter ()
public void windowClosing
(WindowEvent e)
saveCustomers ();
System.exit (0);
// Place an empty label in the north part of the frame
// window. This is done to correct an AWT positioning
// problem. (One thing that you'll come to realize as
// you work with the AWT is that there are lots of bugs.)
JLabel l = new JLabel ();
getContentPane().add ("North", l);
// Place the names component in the center part of the
// frame window.
getContentPane().add ("Center", names);
// Create a panel object to hold four buttons.
JPanel p = new JPanel ();
JButton b;
// Add an Insert button to the Panel object and register
// the current cm object as a listener for button events.
p.add (b = new JButton ("Insert"));
b.addActionListener (this);
// Add a Delete button to the Panel object and register
// the current cm object as a listener for button events.
p.add (delete = new JButton ("Delete"));
delete.addActionListener (this);
// The Delete button should be disabled until there is at
// least one contact to delete.
delete.setEnabled (false);
// Add an Update button to the Panel object and register
// the current cm object as a listener for button events.
p.add (update = new JButton ("Update"));
update.addActionListener (this);
// The Update button should be disabled until there is at
// least one contact to update.
update.setEnabled (false);
// Add a Finish button to the Panel object and register
// the current cm object as a listener for button events.
p.add (b = new JButton ("Finish"));
b.addActionListener (this);
// Add the panel object to the frame window container.
getContentPane().add ("South", p);
// Set the background of the frame window container to
// lightGray (to give a pleasing effect).
setBackground (Color.lightGray);
// Set the size of the frame window container to 400
// pixels horizontally by 200 pixels vertically.
setBounds (50, 100, 400, 200);
// Do not allow the user to resize the frame window.
loadCustomers ();
// Load all contacts.
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
// Make sure that the frame window is visible.
setVisible (true);
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Delete"))
delete ();
else
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Finish"))
saveCustomers ();
System.exit (0);
else
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Insert"))
insert ();
else
update ();
public Insets getInsets ()
// Return an Insets object that describes the number of
// pixels to reserve as a border around the edges of the
// frame window.
return new Insets (10, 10, 10, 10);
public static void main (String [] args)
// Create a new cm object and let it do its thing.
new pp ();
private void delete ()
// Obtain index of selected customer item from the names
// component.
int index = names.getSelectedIndex ();
// If no item was selected, index is -1. We cannot update
// a contact if no contact item in the names component was
// selected - because we would have nothing to work with.
if (index != -1)
// Remove the customer item from the names component.
names.remove (index);
// Remove the Customer object from the contacts Vector
// object.
customers.remove (index);
// If there are no more customers ...
if (customers.size () == 0)
delete.setEnabled (false);
update.setEnabled (false);
else
// Make sure that the first contact item in the names
// list is highlighted.
names.select (0);
private void insert ()
// Create an Insert data entry form to enter information
// for a new contact.
DataEntryForm def = new DataEntryForm (this, "Insert");
// If the bOk Boolean flag is set, this indicates the user
// exited the form by pressing the Ok button.
if (def.bOk)
// Create a Customer object and assign information from
// the form to its fields.
Customer temp = new Customer ();
temp.name = new String (def.name.getText ());
temp.publication = new String (def.publication.getText ());
temp.address = new String (def.address.getText ());
temp.round = new String (def.round.getText ());
temp.phone = new String
(def.phone.getText ());
// Add a new customer item to the names component.
names.add (temp.publication + ", " + temp.address);
// Add the Customer object to the contacts Vector
// object.
customers.add (temp);
// Make sure that the Delete and Update buttons are
// enabled.
delete.setEnabled (true);
update.setEnabled (true);
// Destroy the dialog box.
def.dispose ();
// Make sure that the first customer item in the names list
// is highlighted.
names.select (0);
// ===========================================================
// Load all customers from customers.dat into the customers
// Vector object. Also, make sure that the last name/first
// name from each contact is combined into a String object and
// inserted into the names component - as a contact item.
// ===========================================================
private void loadCustomers ()
FileInputStream fis = null;
try
fis = new FileInputStream ("customers.dat");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream (fis);
int nCustomers = dis.readInt ();
for (int i = 0; i < nCustomers; i++)
Customer temp = new Customer ();
temp.name = dis.readUTF ();
temp.publication = dis.readUTF ();
temp.address = dis.readUTF ();
temp.round = dis.readUTF ();
temp.phone = dis.readUTF ();
names.add (temp.publication + ", " + temp.address);
customers.add (temp);
if (nCustomers > 0)
delete.setEnabled (true);
update.setEnabled (true);
catch (IOException e)
finally
if (fis != null)
try
fis.close ();
catch (IOException e) {}
// Make sure that the first customer item in the names list
// is highlighted.
names.select (0);
// ========================================================
// Save all customer objects from the contacts Vector object
// to customers.dat. The number of contacts are saved as an
// int to make it easy for loadCustomers () to do its job.
// ========================================================
private void saveCustomers ()
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try
fos = new FileOutputStream ("customers.dat");
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (fos);
dos.writeInt (customers.size ());
for (int i = 0; i < customers.size (); i++)
Customer temp = (Customer) customers.elementAt (i);
dos.writeUTF (temp.name);
dos.writeUTF (temp.publication);
dos.writeUTF (temp.address);
dos.writeUTF (temp.round);
dos.writeUTF (temp.phone);
catch (IOException e)
MsgBox mb = new MsgBox (this, "PP Error",
e.toString ());
mb.dispose ();
finally
if (fos != null)
try
fos.close ();
catch (IOException e) {}
private void update ()
// Obtain index of selected customer item from the names
// component.
int index = names.getSelectedIndex ();
// If no item was selected, index is -1. We cannot update
// a customer if no customer item in the names component was
// selected - because we would have nothing to work with.
if (index != -1)
// Obtain a reference to the Customer object (from the
// customer Vector object) that is associated with the
// index.
Customer temp = (Customer) customers.elementAt (index);
// Create and display an update entry form.
DataEntryForm def = new DataEntryForm (this, "Update",
temp.name,
temp.publication,
temp.address,
temp.round,
temp.phone);
// If the user pressed Ok...
if (def.bOk)
// Update the customer information in the customers
// Vector object.
temp.name = new String (def.name.getText ());
temp.publication = new String (def.publication.getText ());
temp.address = new String (def.address.getText ());
temp.round = new String (def.round.getText ());
temp.phone = new String (def.phone.getText ());
// Make sure the screen reflects the update.
names.replaceItem (temp.publication + ", " + temp.address,
index);
// Destroy the dialog box.
def.dispose ();
// Make sure that the first customer item in the names
// list is highlighted.
names.select (0);
// ========================================================
// Class: Customer
// This class describes the contents of a business customer.
// ========================================================
class Customer
public String name;
public String publication;
public String address;
public String round;
public String phone;
// ==========================================================
// Class: DataEntryForm
// This class provides a data entry form for entering customer
// information.
// ==========================================================
class DataEntryForm extends JDialog implements ActionListener
// bOk is a boolean flag. When true, it indicates that
// the Ok button was pressed to terminate the dialog box
// (as opposed to the Cancel button).
public boolean bOk;
// The following components hold the text that the user
// entered into the visible text fields.
public JTextField name;
public JTextField publication;
public JTextField address;
public JTextField round;
public JTextField phone;
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
// If the user pressed the Ok button, indicate this
// by assigning true to bOk.
if (e.getActionCommand ().equals ("Ok"))
bOk = true;
// Destroy the dialog box and return to the point
// just after the creation of the DataEntryForm object.
dispose ();
public DataEntryForm (JFrame parent, String title)
// Call the other constructor. The current constructor
// is used for insert operations. The other constructor
// is used for update operations.
this (parent, title, "", "", "", "", "");
public DataEntryForm (JFrame parent, String title,
String name, String publication,
String address, String round,
String phone)
// Initialize the superclass layer.
super (parent, title, true);
// Choose a grid bag layout so that components can be more
// accurately positioned. (It looks nicer.)
setLayout (new GridBagLayout ());
// Add appropriate first name, last name, phone, fax, and
// email components to the current DataEntryForm container.
// (Remember, DataEntryForm is a subclass of Dialog.
// Dialog is a container. Therefore, DataEntryForm
// inherits the ability to be a container.)
addComponent (this, new JLabel ("Name: "), 0, 0, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.WEST);
this.name = new JTextField (15);
addComponent (this, this.name, 1, 0, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
if (title.equals ("Update"))
this.name.setText (name);
addComponent (this, new JLabel ("Publications: "), 0, 1, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.WEST);
this.publication = new JTextField (15);
addComponent (this, this.publication, 1, 1, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
if (title.equals ("Update"))
this.publication.setText (publication);
addComponent (this, new JLabel ("Address "), 0, 2, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.WEST);
this.address = new JTextField (15);
addComponent (this, this.address, 1, 2, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
if (title.equals ("Update"))
this.address.setText (address);
addComponent (this, new JLabel ("Round No "), 0, 3, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.WEST);
this.round = new JTextField (15);
addComponent (this, this.round, 1, 3, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
if (title.equals ("Update"))
this.round.setText (round);
addComponent (this, new JLabel ("Phone Number "), 0, 4, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.WEST);
this.phone = new JTextField (15);
addComponent (this, this.phone, 1, 4, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
if (title.equals ("Update"))
this.phone.setText (phone);
addComponent (this, new JLabel (""), 0, 5, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
addComponent (this, new JLabel (""), 1, 5, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
JButton b;
// Add an Ok button to this container.
addComponent (this, b = new JButton ("Ok"), 0, 6, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
b.addActionListener (this);
// Add a Cancel button to this container.
addComponent (this, b = new JButton ("Cancel"), 1, 6, 1, 1,
GridBagConstraints.NONE,
GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
b.addActionListener (this);
// Set the size of the dialog window to 250 pixels
// horizontally by 200 pixels vertically.
setSize (250, 200);
// Do not allow users to resize the dialog window.
setResizable (false);
// Make sure that the dialog window is visible.
setVisible (true);
private void addComponent (Container con, Component com,
int gridx, int gridy,
int gridw, int gridh, int fill,
int anchor)
// Get the current layout manager. It is assumed to
// be a GridBagLayout object.
LayoutManager lm = con.getLayout ();
// Create a GridBagConstraints object to make it
// possible to customize component positioning.
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints ();
// Assign the x and y grid positions.
gbc.gridx = gridx;
gbc.gridy = gridy;
// Assign the number of grid blocks horizontally and
// vertically that are occupied by the component.
gbc.gridwidth = gridw;
gbc.gridheight = gridh;
// Specify the component's resize policy (fill) and
// the direction in which the component is positioned
// when its size is smaller than available space (anchor).
gbc.fill = fill;
gbc.anchor = anchor;
// Set the new constraints that the grid bag layout
// manager will use.
((GridBagLayout) lm).setConstraints (com, gbc);
// Add the component to the container.
con.add (com);
// ===========================================================
// Class: MsgBox
// This class displays a message box to the user. The message
// is usually an error message. The user must press the Ok
// button to terminate the message box.
// ===========================================================
class MsgBox extends JDialog implements ActionListener
public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e)
// Terminate the dialog box in response to the user
// pressing the Ok button.
dispose ();
public MsgBox (JFrame parent, String title, String msg)
// Initialize the superclass layer.
super (parent, title, true);
// Store the msg argument in a Label object and add
// this object to the center part of the dialog window.
JLabel l = new JLabel (msg);
add ("Center", l);
// Create a Button object and add it to the south part
// of the dialog window.
JButton b = new JButton ("Ok");
add ("South", b);
// Make the current object a listener to events that
// occur as a result of the user pressing the Ok
// button.
b.addActionListener (this);
// Make sure that the Ok button has the focus.
b.requestFocus ();
// Do not allow users to resize the dialog window.
setResizable (false);
// Allow the layout manager to choose an appropriate
// size for the dialog window.
pack ();
// Make sure that the dialog window is visible.
setVisible (true);
}

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