Differential equations

hi..
i'm newbies in labview..just want to ask a few questions. i have 4 differential equations (non-linear), and it is a mass balance eqn. of activated sludge process. my question is how to design the block diagram(diff eqn) and then connect all together to get one output?

Hi,
You can use formula node to write equations.
Check here
Gaurav k
CLD Certified !!!!!
Do not forget to Mark solution and to give Kudo if problem is solved.

Similar Messages

Solving differential equations

I m working on a project of fluids and i wannu use java programming for solving various equations..please teel me how to solve differential equation using java(partial diffential equations and integration also).thanx

Hi!!
Thanx for ur reply...but I have seen a program on net called JMatLink...which uses JAVA program to opens MATLAB and get the result from MATLAB and show it on its on GUI.I dont know the exact structure but i suggest u to check it and tell me how it works if u know.Sorry for bothering u again and again...but i need it badly for my project.
explore the following link.
http://www.held-mueller.de/JMatLink/
Thanx

Differential Equations - Data from file

Hi
I am trying to solve a differential equation in LabVIEW. I have tried to modify an example from NI help and attached my VI to this email.
I have a set on constants for the equation but I also have variables to which the values are stored in a lvm file V and dV. i want to use the value of V for each iteration of t and also the derivitive of V for each value of t. This does not appear to be working.
Thanks
Message Edited by scottcolston on 02-27-2008 04:08 AM
Message Edited by Support on 02-28-2008 08:40 AM

Hi Ravi,
I think you need to use this.
DATA:
        server type string VALUE 'Read the data.
Server Path'.
CLEAR itab. REFRESH itab.
OPEN DATASET dsn FOR INPUT IN BINARY MODE.
DO.
    READ DATASET dsn INTO str.
    IF sy-subrc = 0.
      APPEND itab.
    ELSE.
      EXIT.
    ENDIF.
ENDDO.
CLOSE DATASET dsn.
If you mean application server by network drive.
Thanks,
Sai
Edited by: Sai Krishna Kowluri on Dec 3, 2008 11:13 AM

Need Help Solving a 2nd order Differential Equation

I need to write a computer program in MATLAB to solve the following 2nd order differential equation:
y" + (1/r)y' + (200/80) = 0
I can't remember which method I'm supposed to use to get an equation for y(r)? Once I know the method... I'm sure I can implement it.
Thanks for your time

You can implement Java code in MATLAB??? Is that what you're saying? If so, please tell me how because that would be helpful to me!

Implementing Differential Equations using Labview fpga modules on PXI-7811R

Dear,
I am working on implementing dynamic systems modeled ordinary differential equations on PXI-7811R FPGA using labview FPGA. Is there any body who can help me how to implement differential equation on PXI devices uding Labview FPGA, please? Is there any integrator in Labview FPGA, module. I used Discrete Integerator in LAbview FPGA module in Maths palette, but i hesistated if it really works . I really appreciate your help,
Gammee

Thank you for posting on the discussion forum.
You can solve differential equations using LabVIEW FPGA but you may run into some significant difficulties in doing so. If you are not tied to using FPGA, you could try using LabVIEW real-time, which may make things much easier. But if you would like to stick with FPGA, see the link below for a list of examples that may be helpful:
http://search.ni.com/nisearch/app/main/p/bot/no/ap/tech/lang/en/pg/1/sn/ssnav:ipn/q/differential%20e...
Below is a link that you can review to better understand the functionality of the discrete integrator should you choose to go that route:
http://zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/371599B-01/lvfpga/discrete_normalized_integrator/
I hope that helps.
Best,
Rachel
Rachel D.
Applications Engineer
National Instruments

How can i do parameter evaluation of nonlinear differential equation?

here is my equations:
dx/dt = u*x-a*x
ds/dt = b*u*x+c*x
dp/dt = d*u*x+e*x+f*p
and u = um*s/(km+s+s^2/ki)
the parameters a,b,c,d,e,f is already known, and i have 3 arrays of data of x,s,p, and the parameter i want to identify is um,km,and ki.
i tried Nonlinear Curve fitting ,but i don't know whether it can deal with the differential equation

Hope you are executing the commands in the following order:
1. sdm jstartup mode=standalone
2. sdm registerjstartup sdmhome=<...> jstartupdir=<...> mshost=<...> msport=<...>
where:
        jstartupdir the directory in which the JStartup Framework software is installed
        mshost the host name of the message server
        msport the port on which the message server waits for requests
3. sdm jstartup mode=integrated
by the way, which OS u r using?
Regards,
Ravi.

Solving Differential Equation - getting strange results.

Hi, i am using LabView to model the mathematic pendulum which comes down to solving the quation numericaly:
where w is constant and 0 is an angle between the pendulum's cord and the vertical which i want to plot against time. I built this very simple model to solve this equation (this is what our teacher showed us) [x is the angle]
and this is what i get:
"fi" is the starting angle. The result is a cosine , as it is to be expected, with the right period, but why the amplitude is so low? Am i missing something here? No matter how i change the initial value, the amplitude is always 5 oders of magnitude lower. It wouldnt be a problem, since what we are required is to solve the equation, but when i want to factor that in the equation above 0 should be sin0 , the problem arises - sinx for so low x , is...x. So my questions are:
- am i setting the initial conditions wrong?
- has the value of dt anything to do with it?
- is the method correct?
- am i clueless?
A week ago i had no idea what LabView is. We were all thrown into the deep water, we were shown the method, but were not teached how the LabView works,so please, be kind.
Thank You in advance .
Attachments:
pendulum.vi ‏14 KB

Hello;
Noise is a difficult issue to advise about.
There are some things you can try, but the result will depend on different factors, such as, environment, lenght of cables, equipment on vicinity, etc.
Anyways, you can try to hook up a BIAS resistor in between the ch- and AIGND on your BNC device. That resistor will bleed out the common voltage current and help on noise balancing. Another thing you can try is to hook up a simple RC low pass filter at the analog input. That might help to get rid of that noise.
I'm also attaching an App Note that talks about Noise and some ways to get around it.
Hope this helps.
Filipe A.
Applications Engineer
National Instruments
Attachments:
Field_Wiring_and_Noise_Considerations.zip ‏196 KB

Nonlinear Differential Equation solver

Hello..
I am trying to slove first order DE of the form.. dP/dz = A ln{ [1+[(P(z)/B)*exp(-C)]] / 1+P(z)/B } where A,B and C are numerical values. I tried to plot Z vs P(z) using ODE slovers but didnt get the result. I am attaching the expected plot also. I found some examples like ODE circuit in LV help but end up in empty graph after trying to slove this above equation. which methode is correct to slove this equation, please suggest some way.. Thank you very much.
Attachments:
solution plot.png ‏6 KB

It's been a long time since I thought about diffEQ. Please post what you think should be a solution -- it's probably easier for me to figure out why your graph is empty than it is to figure out how to solve an ODE from scratch.

How to insert input into diffrential equation models in LabVIEW

Hi,
I am trying to model a system expressed in a set of differential equations.
using the differential equation function in LabVIEW you can define
a differential equation of the form:
dy/dt +y=0
Into LabVIEW. But How do you insert the input u(t) into that.
Even in example in the student edition of LabVIEW (the book) in pages 437-443
it explains the differential equation set up, but where the input function u(t) will go?
Thanks

Chances to get a good answer for this question will increase largly if you post it to the LabVIEW board rather than to the motion control board.
Best regards,
Jochen Klier
National Instruments Germany

List of examples in pid controlling a firstorder differential equation

Sir,
I would like to view some of the examples in labview that the pid controller controlling a system of firstorder differential equation or a transfer function.
Thanks as kudos only

Sir,
why not helping me to solve this problem???plz help
Thanks as kudos only

How do I use a Frame to set up an applet animation?

I am working on this program for a physics class. It is supposed to be an applet which animates a spring. I first set the animation with dummy values and it works fine (aside from a little flicker). I set up a frame which pops up and allows a user to input values. The frame looks and collects the information as I wanted; now I am trying to get these values passed to the init() method of my applet to be the basis of the animation. I was thinking something like JOptionPane; but, I wanted it to be more customized.
This is the inner class in Launcher which prepares information and disposes the frame. I would like to pass this array
"out."
     private class Exe implements ActionListener{
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
               String execute = event.getActionCommand();
               if (execute == "Ok"){
                    out = new double[5];
                    for(int c = 0; c < 5; c++){
                         out[c] = Double.parseDouble(input[c].getText());}
                    dispose();}}}}This is the init() method which sets up all the information required for the animation. I want to receive the array here:
public class Spring extends Applet implements Runnable{
     double t = 0;
     double x,v,a,k;
     int s;
     int delay;
     Thread animator;
     double mass, omega, phi,gravity,equilibrium,amplitude, positionI, velocityI, phiHat;
     double scaler;
     Panel buttons;
     Button start;
     Button pause;
     Button back;
     Button forward;
     Button stop;
     Button restart;
     Frame l;
     public void init(){
          //Opens the menu which allows user inputs
          l = new Launcher();
          l.setSize(500,450);
          l.setVisible(true);
          //Sets the ammount of time the system waits to refresh
          //Smaller numbers create a more accurate picture
          //This is in milliseconds
          delay = 100;
          //Calculates info about the system
          mass = 5;
          equilibrium = .5;
          gravity = 9.8;
          k = (mass * gravity)/equilibrium;
          omega = Math.pow(k/mass,.5);
          //Differential Equation
          positionI = .1;
          velocityI = -.1;
          amplitude = Math.pow(Math.pow((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)),2)+
                    Math.pow((velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))),2),.5);
          phiHat = Math.abs(Math.atan((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0))/(velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0)))));
          if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) > 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) > 0){
               phi = phiHat;}
          if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) < 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) < 0){
               phi = Math.PI + phiHat;}
          if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) < 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) > 0){
               phi = (2*Math.PI) - phiHat;}
          if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) > 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) < 0){
               phi = Math.PI - phiHat;}
          //scales the spring to the animation grid
          if (amplitude != 0)
               scaler = amplitude / 105;
          else
               scaler = 1;
          //Adds buttons to applet
          buttons = new Panel();
          buttons.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
          start = new Button("Start");
          buttons.add(start);
          pause = new Button("Pause");
          buttons.add(pause);
          back = new Button("Back");
          buttons.add(back);
          forward = new Button("Forward");
          buttons.add(forward);
          stop = new Button("Stop");
          buttons.add(stop);
          restart = new Button("Restart");
          buttons.add(restart);
          this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
          add(buttons, BorderLayout.SOUTH);}

I was trying to tweak my animation and I have ran into some problems:
To refresh, I have an applet which animates a spring. The equation which drives the animation is taken from user input which is entered in a frame that launches when the applet loads. The user has the option to control the animation with buttons as opposed to the applet running itself. Anyway, everything worked fine until I rewrote the applet with an image buffer. Now, the frame launches and is automatically placed in the background (on the desktop). The start, stop, and pause buttons work; but the step back and forward buttons do not work. If you have time to offer suggestions they would be appreciated.
Set Up Buttons and Frame:
     public void init(){
          l = new Frame("Information About Your Spring");
          l.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1));
          directions = new TextArea(text);
          directions.setEditable(false);
          l.add(directions);
          GravityHandler a = new GravityHandler();
          gravityButtons = new Container();
          gravityButtons.setLayout(new GridLayout(bodies.length/4,4));
          gravityL = new JRadioButton[bodies.length];
          g = new ButtonGroup();
          for(int x = 0; x < bodies.length; x++){
               if(bodies[x].equals("Earth")){
                    gravityL[x] = new JRadioButton(bodies[x], true);
                    gravityL[x].addActionListener(a);}
               else{
                    gravityL[x] = new JRadioButton(bodies[x], false);
                    gravityL[x].addActionListener(a);}
               g.add(gravityL[x]);
               gravityButtons.add(gravityL[x]);}
          l.add(gravityButtons);
          lables = new TextField[5];
          input = new TextField[5];
          otherInput = new Container();
          otherInput.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,4,5,5));
          lables[0] = new TextField("Mass:");
          lables[0].setEditable(false);
          otherInput.add(lables[0]);
          input[0] = new TextField(20);
          otherInput.add(input[0]);
          lables[1] = new TextField("Gravity:");
          lables[1].setEditable(false);
          otherInput.add(lables[1]);
          input[1] = new TextField("9.81",20);
          input[1].setEditable(false);
          otherInput.add(input[1]);
          lables[2] = new TextField("Equilibrium:");
          lables[2].setEditable(false);
          otherInput.add(lables[2]);
          input[2] = new TextField(20);
          otherInput.add(input[2]);
          lables[3] = new TextField("Displacement:");
          lables[3].setEditable(false);
          otherInput.add(lables[3]);
          input[3] = new TextField(20);
          otherInput.add(input[3]);
          lables[4] = new TextField("Initial Velocity:");
          lables[4].setEditable(false);
          otherInput.add(lables[4]);
          input[4] = new TextField(20);
          otherInput.add(input[4]);
          l.add(otherInput);
          Exe now = new Exe();
          buttonPlace = new Container();
          buttonPlace.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
          Ok = new Button("Ok");
          Ok.addActionListener(now);
          buttonPlace.add(Ok);
          l.add(buttonPlace);
          l.setSize(425,500);
          l.setResizable(false);
          l.toFront();
          l.setVisible(true);
          delay = 100;
          buttons = new Panel();
          buttons.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
          start = new Button("Start");
          buttons.add(start);
          pause = new Button("Pause");
          buttons.add(pause);
          back = new Button("Back");
          buttons.add(back);
          forward = new Button("Forward");
          buttons.add(forward);
          stop = new Button("Stop");
          buttons.add(stop);
          restart = new Button("Restart");
          buttons.add(restart);
          this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
          add(buttons, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
          display = createImage(size().width, size().height);
          dspl = display.getGraphics();
          l.toFront();}The frame is handled by ActionListener
Action based on the buttons:
     public boolean action(Event e, Object args){
          if (e.target == start){
               animator = new Thread(this);
               animator.start();}
          if (e.target == stop){
               animator.stop();
               animator = null;
               t = 0;
               repaint();}
          if (e.target == pause){
               animator.stop();
               animator = null;}
          if (e.target == restart){
               animator.stop();
               animator = null;
               t = 0;
               repaint();
               animator = new Thread(this);
               animator.start();}
          if (e.target == back){
               animator.stop();
               animator = null;
               t -= .1;
               repaint();}
          if (e.target == forward){
               animator.stop();
               animator = null;
               t += .1;
               repaint();}
          return true;}
draw animation:
     public void run(){
          while(Thread.currentThread() == animator){
               try{
                    Thread.sleep(delay);}
               catch(InterruptedException e){}
               if(animator != null){
                    t+= .1;}
               else{
                    repaint();}
               dspl.setColor(Color.black);
               dspl.fillRect(0,0,size().width,size().height);
               dspl.setColor(Color.white);
               k = (mass * gravity)/equilibrium;
               omega = Math.pow(k/mass,.5);
               amplitude = Math.pow(Math.pow((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)),2)+
                         Math.pow((velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))),2),.5);
               phiHat = Math.abs(Math.atan((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0))/(velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0)))));
               if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) > 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) > 0){
                    phi = phiHat;}
               if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) < 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) < 0){
                    phi = Math.PI + phiHat;}
               if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) < 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) > 0){
                    phi = (2*Math.PI) - phiHat;}
               if((positionI/Math.cos(omega*0)) > 0 && (velocityI/(omega*Math.cos(omega*0))) < 0){
                    phi = Math.PI - phiHat;}
               if (amplitude != 0)
                    scaler = amplitude / 105;
               else
                    scaler = 1;
               dspl.drawRect(5, 5, 442, 240);
               dspl.drawLine(200,5,200,245);
               dspl.drawLine(200,120,447,120);
               dspl.drawLine(20,20, 20, 230);
               dspl.drawLine(20, 20, 24, 20);
               dspl.drawString( String.format("%.2f m", amplitude) , 24,21);
               dspl.drawLine(20, 230, 24, 230);
               dspl.drawString( String.format("%.2f m", amplitude) , 24,231);
               dspl.drawLine(20, 125, 24, 125);
               dspl.drawString( "0 m", 24, 126);
               x = amplitude*Math.sin((omega*t)+phi); //Calculate position
               v = (amplitude*omega)*Math.cos((omega*t)+phi); //Calculate velovity
               a = -(Math.pow(omega,2)*amplitude)*Math.sin((omega*t)+phi); //Calculate acceleration
               dspl.drawString("Kinematics:", 210,20);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Time: %.1f Seconds",t), 210, 40);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Position: %.2f m",x), 210,60 );
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Velocity: %.2f m/s",v), 210,80 );
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Acceleration: %.2f m/sec sq",a),210,100 );
               dspl.drawString("Atributes:", 210, 140);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Equation: x(t) = %.2fsin(%.2ft + %.3f)",amplitude,omega,phi),210,160);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Spring Constant: %.2f n/m",k),210,180);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Period: %.2f Seconds", (2*Math.PI)/omega), 210,200);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Frequency: %.2f Hz",omega/(2*Math.PI)),210,220);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("Amplitude: %.2f",amplitude),210,240);
               s = (int) (x/scaler + 126);
               dspl.drawLine(128,5,128,s-12);
               dspl.drawString(String.format("%.0f kg Mass",mass), 104, s);
               repaint();}}
     public void update(Graphics g){
          paint(g);}
     public void paint(Graphics g){
          g.drawImage(display,0,0,this);}Thanks

Creating Complex Math Formulas in IDCS4 (Mac)

I have to create a 180 page Engineering handbook for a company, with LOTS of complex mathematic formulas. It also has a lot of engineering drawings, sketches, tables, etc. I'll use IDCS4 on a Mac platform, OSX 10.6.7. I also have Acrobat Pro, PS and Illustrator from the CS4 Suite. Their final deliverable will be a PDF, which the customer will make available for download, so I definitely want to convert text, images drawings, etc, to the smallest possible size.
Unfortunately, my customer has no electronic documents to work with. My current plan is to scan the original printed book, clean up the scans in Photoshop, then use OCR in Acrobat to convert characters to text. I will probably export to RTF, DOC, TXT or some other format so I can import into IDCS4 and create an electronic version (suggestions welcome).
Unfortunately, Acrobat OCR butchers the formulas and turns them into goobledegook. What plugins or programs are people using to create fairly complex mathematical formulas inside IDCS4? Can I do it inside IDCS4, or do I need to work in Word, Pages, or a dedicated mathematical formula program? I will need Greek symbols, integrals, differential equation capability, etc.
My main concern at this time is the formulas, but I am open to any suggestions on converting scanned images to vectors, handling tables, and the best way to get my text content into IDCS4 with the least amount of time and effort.
Thanks for your help.
Lou Dina

Try these resources:
http://www.unics.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/mathematics.html
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/math/
Alec Fehl, MCSE, A+, ACE, ACI
Adobe Community Expert
AUTHOR:
Microsoft Office 2007 PowerPoint: Comprehensive Course
(Labyrinth
Publications)
Welcome to Web Design and HTML (Labyrinth Publications)
CO-AUTHOR:
Microsoft Office 2007: Essentials (Labyrinth Publications)
Computer Concepts and Vista (Labyrinth Publications)
Mike Meyers' A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs
(McGraw-Hill)
Internet Systems and Applications (EMC Paradigm)

HP Prime calculating bug

Hi, I'll get right to the issue i'm having with my HP Prime calculator. Recently during an exam where i was calculating the moments of inertia of certain bodies i encountered what i can only describe as a bug in the software because I can't figure any other reason why it would kick out the answer it did for such a seemingly simple function. After I had done all the laboreous work of simplifying the differential equations I just needed to add some simple fractions. As i have been operating this calculator for several weeks now, the only way i can get it to show a fraction in exact form is to type (number) / (number) and it shows it in exact form. In my case and for this particular calcuation I input (3/20) - (1/7) "enter". the answer Prime gave me was noticably unsimplified given that i needed it in simplified form. although the numerical, non-exact value was almost correct (.00714285714309 instead of the correct value of .00714285714286), generally Prime kicks out a simplified value. What it gave me was 214500215/30030030099 instead of 1/140. i'm just curious if i need to do something different to get a simplified/correct answer on the first go rather than having to do a work-around.
Thanks in advance

If you want an exact and simplified answer on the first go, do your calculation in CAS view rather than Home view. Try this experiment.
1. Go to CAS view, and enter your calculation (3/20)-(1/7). The Prime will respond with 1/140, the exact answer. Now press the a b/c key. The Prime will respond with 0.00714285714286, the approximate decimal equivalent. Keep pressing the a b/c key, and the Prime will toggle between the two answers.
2. Now try the same steps in Home view. The Prime will toggle between 0.007142857143 and 214500215/30030030099.
Remember, the true decimal value for 1/140 is an infinite repeating number. Since every calculator can store only a finite number of digits, it must truncate the value after a set number of digits, and this introduces a small error. The big fraction you got in Home view is not wrong, and it's certainly not a bug. It's just that Home view is not designed to handle exact values. The CAS, on the other hand, is designed to handle exact values, so when you tell it to show an approximate answer, its decimal form will be closer to the exact value, namely, 1/140.
The moral of the story is, use CAS view when you want exact values and Home view when you want approximate values. I tell my students to use fractions whenever possible (since those are usually exact) rather than converting them to decimal values. It's far easier to use 1/3 than 0.33333....[infinite number of 3s go here].

Transfer Function Block Component not working properly

When using a Transfer Function Block, and you enter in the polynomial coefficients for a simple RC Passive Low-Pass Circuit, and perform an AC analysis side-by-side to its circuit equivalent, it works great. The 2 frequency response waveforms are identical. However, when you add another RC Low-Pass section in cascade with the 1st one, making it a 2-pole RC Passive Low-Pass Circuit, and you put its polynomial coefficients into the transfer function block the results of the AC Frequency Response is not identical to its 2-pole circuit equivalent. I double checked my math to make sure my transfer function math was correct. Since 2 transfer functions are in cascade, the transfer function from the 1st RC stage is multiplied times the transfer function of the 2nd RC stage, and the result is the overall transfer function. I even went as far as creating 2 transfer function blocks, each of them, with a single RC transfer function and connecting them in a cascade fashion. The results were the same....the trasnfer function block(s) do not resemble their circuit equivalent models for a >=2pole Passive RC Low-Pass filter.

The transfer function of a RC ist not retroactively-free, this is the reason why the transfer function of 2 RC Circuits is not 1 / (1 + RC*s)^2 ! You can not multiply the one function of one RC with the other!
You have to solve the differential equation of the RC circuits, to get the real transfer function.

Using Dynamic Text to tell a Hyperlink where to go.

So I am having a little trouble on my site, and this community seems like a good place to go for help, and I am sure someone out here can help me.
I have a webpage that uses dynamic text and images, and it serves as my user profile page. I know the database and all of that stuff is set up correctly because all of the dynamic text shows up as it should.
Here is the problem I am having. I have an area where a user will be able to view files he has uploaded, and click on the name of a file to view it.
The way I have it set up, is the clickable text is dynamic text from the server, called uploadname1. I want to make this text into a link, that sends them to the file stored as fileupload1.
Here is my code that I thought should do it.
"<a href="<?php echo $row_Recordset1['fileupload1']; ?>"/><?php echo $row_Recordset1['uploadname1']; ?></a>" (minus the quotes of course)
The text underlines and changes the color as it should, but it is not clickable. Can someone out there help me?
Tyler

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Profile - NoteScoop</title>
<style type="text/css">
body {
background-image: url(../bgg.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
color: #FFF;
#bio {
font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;
height: 213px;
width: 460px;
left: 404px;
top: 53px;
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<div class="sponsored" id="sponsored">
<div class="ad1" id="ad1"><a href="http://www.xfactordesigns.com"><img src="xfactor_designs_badge.jpg" /></a></div>
Sponsored Links
</div>
<div class="groups" id="groups">
<p>Study Halls, a feature which we are waiting to bring out until it is fully ready, will change the way you study forever. </p>
<p>Study Halls will allow you to create a worldwide network of people in the same class, school, or major as you.</p>
<p>Study Halls will contain useful note listings, chatrooms, tutors and more! </p>
<p>We look forward to being able to open these to you soon!</p>
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<div class="notes" id="notes"><a href="az.doc"/>tester</a></div>
<div class="blog" id="blog"><a href="http://www.quincycreations.com">Blog</a></div>
<div class="contact" id="contact"><a href="contact.php">Contact</a></div>
<div class="photo" id="photo"><img src="profilephotos/twhite.jpg" alt="UserPhoto" width="205" height="220" /></div>
<div class="abouthead" id="abouthead"><a href="About.php">About</a></div>
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<div class="editlink" id="editlink"><a href="editprofile.php">Edit Profile</a></div>
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    <p><h3>Tyler      White</h3>
    </p>
    <p>College: Xavier University of Louisiana </p>
    <p>Major: Mathematics</p>
    <p>Not only am I the creator of NoteScoop, but I am also a college student. I study Mathematics and am doing research in Differential Equations. When I am not doing work or math, I am spending time with my wonderful girlfriend, most likely on Minecraft.</p>
    <p> </p>
    <p> </p>
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    <p> </p>
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    <p> </p>
    <p> </p>
    <p> </p>
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</html>

Differential equations

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