Foreign functions

Qs: To call or use a foreign function from a dll file from forms, using the foreign function PL/SQL interface and ORA_FFI pachage, does the function's language, the code its written in, have to be standard C language, or can the dll and its functions be coded or written using C++ or Visual C++?
Urgent!!HELP!NOW!!

Puzzling that you're getting a Java Exception with ORA_FFI as that is all C calls and nothing to do with Java - unless you have Java calls in the Library you are using?
Anyway - in general terms always use ORA_FFI.FIND_LIBRARY() first then if the handle is null use ORA_FFI.LOAD_LIBRARY() to load it.
I tend not to explicitly use ORA_FFI.Unload_Library() that will happend automatically when the app closes down.
Hope that helps Thanks Duncan,
That worked. Used the find_library before doing any loads and it doesn't hang anymore with the Jave EOFexception error.
rgds

Similar Messages

How to find the foreign function source code of srw.user_exit in report?

Hi,
We know that srw.user_exit can invoke a foreign function,for example SRW.USER_EXIT('FND SRWINIT').
But how can I find the source code of the foreign function in SRW.USER_EXIT(e.g. the source code of FND SRWINIT)?
Thanks in advance,

Hi,
You build user exits when you want to pass control from Report Builder to a program you have written, which performs some function, and then returns control
to Report Builder.
So you will have to know the foreign function you want to invoke.
For information on writing a user exit, see the following note on Metalink:
179324.1
And the "Programmer's Guide to the Oracle Precompilers, 1.8"
Navneet.

FRM-40734 when calling a foreign function requiring more than 1 dll

I have been experiencing difficulties in calling external DLL functions from SECURSIGN.DLL. This time no peculiar type of parameter is involved, just four varchar2.
A dump file "ifrun60_dump_nnn" is generated by FORMS every time I issue the aborted call to the foreign function.
Inside the form dump file, apart from useless info like Registers and so on, the message: "Could not find Module32First"
I know for sure that SECURSIGN.DLL needs also other DLLs, and that the first foreign function I call, calls other functions in other DLLs. I found that Module32First is a routine within each of the following DLLs:
Cl32
d2kwut32
d2kwut60
I copied all those DLLs in the current work directory along with my FMB/FMX, in ORANT\BIN, in C:\WINNT\SYSTEM.
I modified the PROCEDURE LoadLibrary (part of the FFI-generated PLL code) to load those DLLs along with SECURSIGN.DLL: no problem in loading all the DLLs that I wish, but the error persists.
How can I avoid all that mess and the FRM-40734 error?? Is there a specific problem in resolving the references to other DLLs?
Please notice that - on the same computer - in Visual Basic everything (and the very same call in particular) works perfectly.

I have noticed just now that a dump file having a name like ifrun60_dump_299, is generated by FORMS every time I issue the aborted call to the foreign function.
Inside the form dump file, apart from useless info like Registers and so on, the message:
"Could not find Module32First"
By a FILE/FIND/CONTAINING TEXT I searched all the DLLs, and I noticed that Module32First is a routine that can be found within each of the following DLLs:
Cl32
d2kwut32
d2kwut60
I tried to load those DLLs along with SECURSIGN.DLL by modifying the PROCEDURE LoadLibrary into the FFI-generated PLL code, and I have apparently no problem in loading all the DLLs that I wish, but the error persists, and that dump file is constantly generated, always looking for the "Module32First" routine.
How can I avoid all that mess and the FRM-40734 error??

Forms hanging after multiple calls to Foreign Function Interface

Hi,
Can anyone help me with this problem. I'm getting a 'FRM-92100:
Your connection to the server was interrupted ... Details ...
Java Exception:java.io.EOFException' error message when i make
two calls to a c share object file using the ORA_FFI package.
Forms will hang with that error message when I call the foreign
function more than once and when the ORA_FFI.LOAD_LIBRARY
function is executed twice.
I've tried using the ORA_FFI.UNLOAD_LIBRARY function at the end
straight after the load library plus my processes and it still
hangs with that error message.
I've got a temporary work around which is not ideal but it
works. I've made another copy of the C shared object file and
renamed it and made my second call to load this library.
I would prefer to have one shared object file and make multiple
calls to it from forms. Any suggestions?
note : running forms 6.0 on three tier architecture with web
browser.

"Mush15" <[email protected]> wrote in
message
news:g7hela$flo$[email protected]..
> Ok the issue is a stack overflow caused by calling the
function
> recursivly.
>
> I have tried creating 2 functions and have each call the
other but still
> recieve a stack overflow.
>
> Any ideas help??
Try incrementing a counter every time you call the function
and decrementing
it on the way out. When you hit 2640 times, stop calling it.

Foreign Function calls on Web

I have employed foreign function calls to several COM objects (dll's) within my forms application. It works fine as a client /server product but when i attempt to deploy it across the web the forms cannot locate the dll's.
I have have installed and registered all the dlls on both the webserver machine and the client machine. No information is passed to the FF's - they are doing internal validation of licenses.
Has anyone else tried something similar or am i chasing ghosts in hoping that i can do this across the web

Flex Beta 3
Also, is there a way of debugging or dumping
objects/variables?? and in CF we can do a <cfdump
var="#session#" /> or whatever. I figured that is why you asked
which version of Flex?
It would be nice to inspect objects and see whats inside. I
finally got CF and Flex to work together and I can now populate my
data grids from query objects, but it would be nice to be able to
say dump the object before I populate my datagrid or whatever just
to see. I have learned just using <cfdump> in CF.
-weStSide

Oracle Foreign function interface

Hi All,
we have a form from which we invoke a second form using the CALL_FORM procedure as follows
CALL_FORM(:GLOBAL.FILE_NAME,NO_HIDE, NO_REPLACE, NO_QUERY_ONLY, pl_Id );
we cannot query in the called form i.e the second form.
After debugging , we found that this FFI doesn't initialize.
here "ue_select_item" is a PLL and "orf_init_ffi" is a C function.
ffi_return := ue_select_item.orf_init_ffi(temp, proj_param,
proj,lst_name,own,pass,scol,env,frm,session,select_state);
does not initialize in the second form.
Is there any limitation on the ffi?
Has the application to be started only as a piped application instead?
Thanks & Regards
Gurjeet

No there is no limitation in ORA_FFI in thie regard, but you've not been very precise as to what your problem is.
In the called form I would still do a FIND_LIBRARY to get the handle to the .so / .dll even though Forms will have the library loaded, you need to get the handle to re-register the function etc, you can't just call the function directly without goings through the steps of getting the Library handle and registering the function again as pl/sql in the second form generally doesn't know what pl/sql in the first has done.

When i export schema Packages,function will export or not??

Hi,
i am importing schema so in that schema, i have Packages,function, Procedure, is there, so all packages and proedure etc.. will export or not??? pls tell me sir...
Thank you,

Hi,
>>will export or not??? pls tell me sir...
Yourself can see the results ...
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set (possible charset conversion)
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user LEGATTI
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user LEGATTI
About to export LEGATTI's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export LEGATTI's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table TEST
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
. exporting operators
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. exporting indextypes
. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes
. exporting posttables actions
. exporting materialized views
. exporting snapshot logs
. exporting job queues
. exporting refresh groups and children
. exporting dimensions
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully without warnings.Cheers

Exp/imp procedures, functions and packages question

Hi
I've a 9i R2 version Oracle database. I would like to export procedures, functions and packages from a schema. How do I do that?
Is there any script or command lines can provide?
Thanks

Hello user12259190.
You can do an export of the user itself, excluding table data as inH:\>exp
Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Dec 22 11:22:52 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Username: db_user@db_sid
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Enter array fetch buffer size: 4096 >
Export file: EXPDAT.DMP >
(2)U(sers), or (3)T(ables): (2)U > 2
Export grants (yes/no): yes > no
Export table data (yes/no): yes > no
Compress extents (yes/no): yes > no
Export done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
Note: grants on tables/views/sequences/roles will not be exported
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user DB_USER
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user DB_USER
About to export DB_USER's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export DB_USER's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table TABLE_NAMEs
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
. exporting operators
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. exporting indextypes
. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes
. exporting posttables actions
. exporting materialized views
. exporting snapshot logs
. exporting job queues
. exporting refresh groups and children
. exporting dimensions
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully with warnings.Unfortunately, you can't export just the objects you want to unless they are tables.
Using import (imp) you can list the content of your packages, procedures, functions, views, etc. and perhaps that will give you what you need.
Another choice would be to useSELECT * FROM user_source ORDER BY 2, 1, 3;to list the code.
Hope this helps,
Luke

FRM-40734 when calling external DLL Function from Forms 6

Even though some answers were given to my previous help request ("Again: Forms 6 and user-defined data types") I wasn't able to solve the problem of passing a parameter of an user-defined type to an external DLL function residing in the SECURSIGN.DLL library (the closest solution was to declare that "composite" parameter using the ROWTYPE clause referencing a custom-made table created just for the sake of defining that perticular datatype).
So I concentrated on SECURSIGN.DLL functions using more trivial data types, like a function requiring just four character strings as parameters.
I generated the necessary PL/SQL support using the FFI.
I discovered that also the simplest calls to external functions fail at runtime with the generic error FRM-40734.
I located the error: it happens just at the moment of calling the function from within the FFI-generated package body. Before that, the DLL is loaded with no problem, the function is correctly registered, and a function handle is regularly returned.
As long as I can regularly issue the very same call with the very same parameters from Visual Basic, I can't understand what's going wrong (ALL the needed DLL are in the same directory as the FMB/FMX forms).
I will greatly appreciate any help that You may be able to provide.

I have noticed just now that a dump file having a name like ifrun60_dump_299, is generated by FORMS every time I issue the aborted call to the foreign function.
Inside the form dump file, apart from useless info like Registers and so on, the message:
"Could not find Module32First"
By a FILE/FIND/CONTAINING TEXT I searched all the DLLs, and I noticed that Module32First is a routine that can be found within each of the following DLLs:
Cl32
d2kwut32
d2kwut60
I tried to load those DLLs along with SECURSIGN.DLL by modifying the PROCEDURE LoadLibrary into the FFI-generated PLL code, and I have apparently no problem in loading all the DLLs that I wish, but the error persists, and that dump file is constantly generated, always looking for the "Module32First" routine.
How can I avoid all that mess and the FRM-40734 error??

How to call api functions

Hi
I have a problem in form6i.i wrote a c++ program calling forms bjects and changing properties .The code gets complied(let file name be some.cpp file).now how can i use this file .where should i use this file .please replay
from
Pradeep

gang lee (guest) wrote:
: sir:
: For some reasons,I want to call the windows api functions
: from developer/2000 2.1,I want to know how to do that?
: thanks for your help!
There are two ways to invoke windows api functions: First, and I
believe the simplest of the two is the Forms package ORA_FFI,
which stands for Foreign Function Interface. This allows you to
load the dll and call any function in that dll as long as its
arguments uses standard data type (e.g. int, floats, chars), but
it does not support complex datatype such as structures and
pointers to structures.
Thoe other alternative is writing your own C function in a dll
and calling the windows api from the user exit. This is more
flexible as it can call functions that pass complex data types.
Either approach will require time and tinkering to get it to
work. A good knowledge of C would be helpful.
null

ORACLE SERVER AND UNIX TP MONITOR-2

제품 : ORACLE SERVER
작성날짜 : 1995-01-24
Subject: Oracle Server and UNIX Transaction Processing Monitors-2
Page(3/4)
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle7 Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
     o Oracle Parallel Server and TP Monitors
     o Oracle and DCE-based TP Monitors
     o Other commonly asked questions
The questions answered in part 3 provide additional detail to the information
provided in part 1.
Oracle Parallel Server and TP Monitors
======================================
How does Oracle Parallel Server (OPS) work with TP Monitors?
If you are using Oracle-managed transactions, there are no special
considerations. But if you are using TPM-managed transactions, and
thus need to use the XA interface, then Oracle requires release 7.1.3
or later and a special version of the Distributed Lock Manager, called
the session-based lock manager. This version of the DLM is not yet
available for all platforms. To understand this restriction, let's take
a look at one of the technical details of XA.
The XA specification requires that the Resource Manager be able to
move a transaction from one process to another, and even to be
able to commit in a separate process. In Oracle, transactions are
attached to sessions, so that means that we also have to be able to
move sessions. Therefore, the session/transaction can't have any state
which is tied to a particular process. The first generation distributed
lock managers were all built to use the process id as the lock owner,
which doesn't work for locks which need to move with the transaction.
Oracle and DCE-based TP Monitors
================================
How does Oracle interface to the Encina TP monitor? To CICS/6000? I've
heard that they require OSF DCE facilities in order to run?
Oracle interfaces to Encina and CICS/6000 just as it does to any other
TP Monitor. The TP Monitor issues XA commands to control transactions, and
Oracle executes the commands. Encina and CICS/6000 do use DCE features for
their own operation. However, this use is transparent to the Oracle Server.
What DCE facilities can Oracle products take advantage of when working with
a DCE-based TP Monitor?
The two most commonly mentioned DCE features which might be useful
to Oracle users are multi-threading and security. We look at these in
the subsequent questions in this section.
Encina documentation suggests that a Resource Manager such as Oracle can
be either single-threaded or multi-threaded? Which way is Oracle XA
implemented?
The Oracle XA implementation is single-threaded, as is any Oracle client.
Within a single process, at most one thread can access Oracle at a time.
Does that mean that only a single Encina application can access an instance
of Oracle transactionally at any given moment?
No. Oracle XA is only single-threaded within a single application server
process. Multiple applications can access Oracle simultaneously using XA
by using different application processes. Encina allows
(1) serial reuse of a single server by different clients. There are
two options for this. The server can use long term reservation
but be defined to be in shared or concurrent access mode, which
allows the server to be used by another client as soon as an RPC
completes. Alternatively, the server can use default reservation
and exclusive mode, which allows the server to be used by another
client as soon as the current transaction ends.
(2) concurrent execution by multiple servers, even if they are accessing
the same Oracle database. These may be executing the same or different
procedures.
These two features should let you get as much concurrency as you need.
Why isn't the Oracle XA library multi-threaded?
The XA specification specifically states that its use of the phrase
"thread of control" means a process. If an RM were to multi-thread its
XA, it would be in violation of the specification. This restriction
was put place in because at the time the specification was written,
there were numerous thread packages: if the TM used one, the application
another, and perhaps the RM yet a third, there's no way it could work.
As threads standards settle down, the later versions of XA will probably
relax this restriction.
Will Oracle change if the XA specification changes?
Very likely. The exact time frame will of course depend on the priority of
all work items at that time.
Does Oracle use DCE security via the TP Monitors?
The integrity of the connection between a DCE TP Monitor client and DCE
TP Monitor server is protected by the DCE security functionality.
Theoretically, the TP Monitor could make the DCE-protected client security
information available to Oracle. Unfortunately, there's no standard way
for a TP Monitor to pass security information information to a Resource
Manager such as Oracle. Oracle is leading an effort to extend the X/Open
model to allow use of the security information provided by the Monitor.
In the meantime, the basic DCE security features such as encryption are
useful within TP Monitors.
Effective use of DCE security would normally also mean that the security of
the TP Monitor client be passed through the TP Monitor, through the Oracle
client (application server), to the Oracle Server, and possibly on
to other Oracle Servers through database links. The ability to transfer
security information to other processes, called delegation, is missing
in DCE version 1.0. DCE version 1.1, expected to emerge in late 1994,
has some delegation features. Oracle is examining these features to see
how they might be used.
Are there any special considerations for CICS/6000?
There are two:
(1) It is inefficient to run without XA. CICS/6000 is designed to
use XA. It uses XA so that the CICS server can log on to Oracle
when it starts, after which it makes that Oracle connection available
to any transaction it executes. If you don't use XA, the CICS server
does not itself log on to Oracle so each transaction has to log on
and log off - a very expensive mode of operation. Also, it is very
un-cics-like in that the application does the log{on,off} and also
commits - in a mainframe CICS database program CICS would implicitly
do these operations. Oracle does not recommend this mode because of the
performance penalty.
(2) CICS servers are generic and dynamically load application modules.
In order for these modules to access the Oracle connection made by
CICS, the applications must be built with a shared object version of
the Oracle libraries. This is an installation option on platforms which
support CICS/6000 and other products using its architecture such as
CICS 9000.
Other commonly asked questions
==============================
What other Resource Managers can be included in an Oracle XA transaction?
Several other relational database vendors have an XA implementation
available or in progress. There is an XA C-ISAM product from
Gresham Telecomputing. There are also Resource Managers contained
within some of the TP Monitors which can be coordinated in the same
transaction. For example, CICS/6000 has VSAM files and other data
stores, Encina has its RQS queuing system, and Tuxedo has its /Q queuing
system.
What is Recoverable Queuing Service (RQS) and how does it interoperate with
Oracle7 and Encina? What about /Q?
Recoverable Queuing Service is a feature provided by Encina which allows
transactional, distributed queuing (enqueue/dequeue). Tuxedo has a similar
product called /Q. Because these products are themselves coordinated by the
TM component of the TP Monitor, their queue operations are atomically
coordinated with with operations on XA Resource Managers such as Oracle7
Server. That is, they can atomically put something on one of their queues
and commit an Oracle transaction, then at some later time dequeue an
entry atomically with doing some other Oracle transaction. The queue
system guarantees that the message will not be lost or transmitted twice.
Can I mix TP Monitor applications with standard Oracle7 Server applications?
Yes, you can have existing Oracle applications connected to the database
with alongside TPM applications against the same database. The TPM does
not manage the whole database, just those transactions which are started
by the TPM. The Oracle Server will properly handle concurrency control
between the transactions managed by itself and those managed by the TPM.
Is Oracle planning to change its tools to be more suitable for TP Monitors?
With Oracle Procedure Builder 1.5, to be available with CDE2,
Oracle will provide a foreign function interface that allows you to
dynamically set up PL/SQL calls that access C functions. In other
words, you can access C routines in Windows DLLs from within your
PL/SQL procedures. This will allow PL/SQL under Windows easy access to
TP Monitor APIs.
Does Oracle7 Server itself use XA-compliant TPMs as the interface to
foreign RMs?
No, for this purpose Oracle Server uses the SQL*Connect products or the new
Transparent and Procedural Gateway products.
Does Oracle7 Server use XA to coordinate Oracle7-only distributed
transactions?
No, it uses an internal mechanism.
Can database links be used with XA?
If an Oracle7 database is running under XA, it can access other Oracle7
databases through database links, with some restrictions. First, the
access to the other database must use SQL*Net V2 and be running MTS.
Second, it must currently be to another Oracle7 database. Assuming those
restrictions, the Oracle 7 database can do distributed update to another
Oracle 7 database by using a database link, whether it is started by an
Oracle application or a TP Monitor application. The TPM will see Oracle
as only a single RM, but Oracle7 will propagate all the transaction
commands to the other database, including the two-phase commit. If
the transaction is started by a TP Monitor application and is using XA,
it can also update non-Oracle resources managed by the TPM. If it
is started from an Oracle application, it can only include resources
managed by Oracle.
Here's a sample configuration:
| TPM | | TPM |
| client | | client |
| |
| |
| TPM |
| |
| |
| Oracle | Forms, Forms, | Oracle | | non-XA | | XA |
| client | Plus, Plus, | client | | TPM | | TPM |
--------- Pro, Pro, --------- | server | | server |
| Financials, Financials, | |(note 1)| ----------
| etc. etc. | ---------- |
| | | |
| SQL | SQL | SQL | XA
| commit | commit | commit | commit
| | | |
| Oracle | | Oracle | | Oracle | | Oracle |
| server | | server | | server | | server |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Database 1 | | Database 2 |
| | | |
| A | A
| | dblink to database 1 | |
| ------------------------------------ |
| |
dblink to database 2
Note 1: Oracle will work having both XA and non-XA servers but some TPMs
may have restrictions on this.
Are multiple direct connections possible from a Pro* program?
Using XA, you can not only specify multiple direct connections to Oracle7
databases, you can also update them both in the SAME transaction. The
way to do this is to use a precompiler feature called a named database.
When you use a named database, you qualify the SQL statement with the
database name. For example, you write EXEC SQL AT dbname UPDATE emp ....
We have a complementary feature in the xa open string to let the user
associate the name with a particular RM instance, called the DB clause.
You will also want to use the SqlNet clause in the open string so you
can give the two different SIDs. This clause does not require the use of
the SQL*Net product, it is just a naming convention. For more information,
see Oracle7 Server for UNIX Administrator's Reference Guide.
Some TP Monitors may not support having multiple Resource Mangers in the
same server; check with the TPM vendor.
Is there any collateral available for XA or TP Monitors?
Oracle At Work 52684.0692
Oracle7 Server for UNIX Administrator's #A10324-1
Reference Guide
Guide to Oracle's Products and Services #A10560
Oracle7 Server and CICS/6000               #A14200
Where can I get more information on the DTP model?
X/Open's address is
X/Open company Ltd (Publications)
P O Box 109
Penn
High Wycombe
Bucks HP10 8NP
Tel: +44 (0)494 813844
Fax: +44 (0)494 814989
Request
G307 Distributed Transaction Processing: Reference Model Version 2
X/Open Guide G307 ISBN 1-859120-19-9 28cm.44p.pbk.220g.11/93
Page(4/4)
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
     o Performance with Oracle Server and TP monitors
     o Performance using Oracle's XA Library
The questions answered in part 4 provide additional detail to the information
provided in part 1.
Performance with Oracle Server and TP Monitors
==============================================
I have heard that Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs) will increase
Oracle Server performance. Is this true?
Several hardware and TPM vendors have made the claim that TPMs
will increase RDBMS performance. This claim is based on TPC-A
benchmarks. The key point to understand about TPC-A is that it
requires, for every transaction-per-second, ten times that many
users to be connected. For example, to get 600 TPS, you need 6000
users. The next question will answer in more detail how the the
three-tier architecture addresses this requirement, but first let's
look more generally at what TP Monitors can and can't do to improve
performance.
TP Monitors can provide better performance:
(1) When there are more than several hundred users connected.
     This is because of the TP Monitor's role in the three-tier
     architecture, described in the next question. In this
     architecture, terminal handling is offloaded to one or more
     separate machines, freeing up those cycles to do database work.
     Note that this does NOT mean that Oracle itself runs faster,
     just that we've given it more CPU cycles to use.
(2) When, because of the high potential concurrency of requests,
     significant resource contention exists. Use of a TP Monitor can
     limit the degree of concurrency and thus reduce contention.
TP Monitors can not provide better performance:
(1) For existing applications. The applications must be designed
     to fit the TP Monitor architecture.
(2) For applications which are highly interactive in their use of
     the database. These applications put many messages
     through the transport system, and the TP Monitor is not as
     efficient as SQL*Net for point-to-point communication.
(3) For CPU intensive single-query decision support. When executing
     a single large command, Oracle query facilities work efficiently,
     especially with the use of Oracle Parallel Query, available in 7.1.
How does the three-tier solution help TPC-A, or other situations with
thousands of on-line users?
The TPC-A test calls for a large number of users to produce a given
result. In the high-end results we produced in June, 1992, for example,
6150 terminals were simulated to produce 618 TPC-A transactions.
Thus, terminal concentration accounts for a large portion of the total
processing time used.
First, let's look at how the Multi Threaded Server would work for
this benchmark. In this case, there are many client processes,
but only a few server processes, which handle client requests on a
first-come first serve basis. When they are done with a request,
they take another client's request.
ORACLE7 CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE WITH MULTI THREADED SERVER
| Client | | Server |
| __________ |______________|_____ _____________ _____________ |
| | Client | | SQL*Net | |_|Dispatcher | | | |
| | Process| | | ____| Process |___| | |
| |________| | | | __|___________| | | |
|____________| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Oracle7 | |
______________ | | | __|__|____ | Server | |
| Client | | | | __|_|_____ | | | |
| __________ | | | | | Shared | |____| | |
| | Client | | SQL*Net | | | | Server |_|____| | |
| | Process|_|______________|__| | | Process|_| | | |
| |________| | | | |________| |___________| |
|____________| | | |
| | |
______________ | | |
| Client | | | |
| __________ | | | |
| | Client | | SQL*Net | | |
| | Process|_|______________|____| |
| |________| | | |
|____________| | |
|_______________________________________|
Client processes = N Dispatcher processes >= 1
Shared server processes >= 1
If there are 500 clients in this environment, there will be one or more
dispatcher processes, dynamically tunable, and one or more shared
server processes, dynamically tunable, on the server. The reduction
in the total number of processes handled by the server system
results in more processing time available for RDBMS activity. Thus
higher RDBMS transaction throughput can be obtained on the
server system.
But the problem for the TPC-A, and for certain large customer
configurations, is not the only ability of the Oracle Server to
process transactions, but also the ability of the operating
system to handle huge numbers of incoming connections.
There is one incoming connection for each client. Most UNIX
operating systems have a limit on how many such connections they can
handle. Even if a particular operating system allows a large number of
connections, each takes some amount of overhead to manage.
In order to service all 6150 terminals, we selected a 3-tier hardware
environment where the middle tier, using a TPM, acted as a terminal
concentrator. The high-end TPC-A architecture looked like the following.
The Application Servers, which contain the Pro*C statements used to
perform the transaction also run on the terminal concentrator machine
in order to offload as much work from the database serve as possible.
They send the compiled SQL over SQL*Net to the Oracle7 Server processes.
ORACLE7 TPS-A CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE
| Client | | Terminal | | Server |
| ________ | | Concentrator | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | |
| | Process|_|_____|__ _____ | | |
| |________| |Comm | | | | | | |
|____________| | | | | | | |
| |__| | | | |
____________ | | TPM | | | |
| Client | | ___| | _______ | | ________ _______ |
| ________ | | | | |_| |__|_______|__| Oracle | | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | | |Appl. | |SQL*Net| | Server |__| | |
| | Process|_|_____|_| |_____| |Server | | | | Process| | | |
| |________| |Comm | |_______| | | |________| | | |
|____________| | | | | | |
|_______________________| | | | |
| | | |
____________ _______________________ | |Oracle7| |
| Client | | Terminal | | |Server | |
| ________ | | Concentrator | | | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | | | |
| | Process|_|_____|__ _____ | | __________ | | |
| |________| |Comm | | | | _______ |SQL*Net| | Oracle | | | |
|____________| | | | |_| |__|_______|__| Server |__| | |
| |__| | |Appl. | | | | Process| | | |
____________ | | TPM | |Server | | | |________| |_______| |
| Client | | ___| | |_______| | | |
| ________ | | | | | | | |
| | Client | |TPM | | | | | | |
| | Process|_|_____|_| |_____| | | |
| |________| |Comm | | | |
|____________| | | | |
|_______________________| |________________________|
Clients = 6150 Terminal concentrators = 17
TP Monitor instances = 17
Application server processes Oracle Server processes
= 17*8 = 17*8
The TPM is the software component of the terminal concentrator. In this role
it offloads terminal handling from the the machine running Oracle Server.
Since more than one terminal concentrator can be configured, whereas the
database in this case had to run on a single machine, concentrator machines
can be added until the performance of the back-end machine was optimized.
This three-tier solution resulted in the outstanding transaction throughput
announced with Oracle7 Server. Even with Oracle Parallel Server, it may pay
to offload the terminal handling so that the cluster can be exclusively used
for database operations.
Can you summarize the performance discussion for me?
Depending on the number of users required, different architectures may be
used in a client/server environment to maximize performance:
1) For a small number of users, the traditional Oracle two-task
architecture can be used. In this case, there is a one-to-one
correspondence between client processes and server processes. It's
simple, straightforward, and efficient.
2) For a large number of users, Multi Threaded Server might be a better
approach. Although some tuning may be required, Multi Threaded Server
can handle a relatively large number of users for each machine size
compared to the traditional Oracle approach. Using this approach,
customers will be able to handle many hundreds of users on many
platforms. Furthermore, current Oracle applications can move to this
environment without change.
3) For a very large number of users, where transactions are simple and
terminal input concentration is the overriding performance issue, a
3-tier architecture incorporating a TPM may be useful. In this case,
terminal concentration is handled by the TPM in the middle tier. As
     you might expect, it is a more complex environment requiring more
     system management. For existing Oracle customers, significant Oracle
application modifications will be required.
Oracle provides all of these choices.
Performance using Oracle's XA Library
=====================================
Are there any performance implications to using the XA library (in other
words, to using TPM-managed transactions)?
(1) The XA library imposes some performance penalty. You should use
TPM-managed transactions only if you actually need them. Even if you
are getting the one-phase commit optimization, the code path is
longer because we need to map back and forth between external
formats and internal ones. Also, prior to 7.1, XA requires you
to release all cursors at the end of a transaction, which results
in extra parsing. Even with shared cursors, there is time spent
looking up the one you need and re-validating it. This has been
improved for 7.1.
(2) If you need to use two-phase commit, this will incur additional cost
since extra I/Os are required. If you do need 2PC, you need to account
for that when sizing the application.
(3) Although some TPMs allow parallel execution of services (such as Tuxedo's
"tpacall"), this will not normally enhance performance unless different
resource managers are being used. In fact, Oracle Server must serialize
accesses to the same transaction by the same Oracle instance, and the
block/resume code will in fact degrade performance in that case compared
to running the services sequentially.

hello,
the role is the same on all plattforms. the reports server takes requests for running reports, spawns an engine that executes the request. in addition to that, the server also provides scheduling services and security features for the reports environment.
regards,
the oracle reports team

Characterset mismatch error while export

Hi,
I am getting characterset mismatch error while exporting a schema.
select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter in('NLS_LANGUAGE','NLS_TERRITORY','NLS_CHARACTERSET')
PARAMETER
VALUE
NLS_LANGUAGE
AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY
AMERICA
NLS_CHARACTERSET
AL32UTF8
i have set nls_lang on OS level
NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
C:\oracle\ora92\bin>
C:\oracle\ora92\bin>
C:\oracle\ora92\bin>exp hrtemp_v6/hrtemp_v6@testdb file=c:\hrtemp_v6 statistics=
none
Export: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 14 11:55:58 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Export done in WE8ISO8859P1 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
About to export specified users ...
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user HRTEMP_V6
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 6552 encountered
ORA-06552: PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated
ORA-06553: PLS-553: character set name is not recognized
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
please suggest , whats wrong here
thanks & regards

i have set nls_lang on OS level
NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8How and where?
C:\oracle\ora92\bin>At this command prompt, what do you get back from "set nls"
You can use
c:\> set nls_lang=.al32utf8
...right before you issue exp command.

New Effective CAL essay: How do I create an abstract data type in CAL?

How do I create an abstract data type in CAL? An abstract data type is one whose internal representation can be changed without needing to modify the source code of client modules that make use of that type. For software maintainability, it is a good idea to make a type that is subject to change or enhancement into an abstract data type. Another reason to create an abstract data type is to enforce invariants for values of the type that can only be ensured by using constructor functions (i.e. functions that return values of that type). In principle it is simple to create an abstract data type in CAL. For an algebraic data type, make the type constructor public and all data constructors private. For a foreign data type, make the type constructor public and the implementation scope private. If a scope qualifier is omitted, the scope is taken to be private. For example, the Map algebraic data type has the public type constructor Map and the data constructors Tip and Bin are each private, so it is an abstract data type. /** A map from keys (of type {@code k@}) to values (of type {@code a@}). */ data public Map k a = private Tip | private Bin size :: !Int key :: !k value :: a leftMap :: !(Map k a) rightMap :: !(Map k a); There are a number of invariants of this type: the size field represents the number of elements in the map represented by its Bin value. The keys in leftMap are all less than key, which in turn is less than all the keys in rightMap. In particular, non-empty Map values can only be created if the key parameter type is a member of the Ord type class. Values of the Map type can be created outside the Cal.Collections.Map module only by using constructor functions such as insert: insert :: Ord k => k -> a -> Map k a -> Map k a; public insert !key value !map = ... The owner of the Cal.Collections.Map module must ensure that all invariants of the Map type are satisfied, but if this is done, then it will automatically hold for clients using this function. Some examples of foreign abstract data types are Color, StringNoCase and RelativeDate: data foreign unsafe import jvm private "java.awt.Color" public Color; data foreign unsafe import jvm private "java.lang.String" public StringNoCase; data foreign unsafe import jvm private "int" public RelativeDate; The private implementation scope for Color means that a foreign function whose type involves Color can only be declared in the Cal.Graphics.Color module where the Color type is defined. A foreign function declaration involving the Color type relies on the compiler knowing that the Color type corresponds to java.awt.Color to resolve the corresponding Java entity i.e. it must know about the implementation of the Color type. Having a private implementation scope means that the Color type can be changed to correspond to a different Java class, or indeed to be an algebraic type, without the risk of breaking client code. In all these three cases there are useful, and different, design reasons to adopt a private implementation scope: For RelativeDate, the Java implementation type int represents a coded Gregorian date value in the date scheme used by Crystal Reports. Not all int values correspond to valid dates, and the algorithm to map an int to a year/month/day equivalent is fairly complicated, taking into account things like Gregorian calendar reform. Thus, it is desirable to hide the implementation of this type. For StringNoCase, the implementation is more straightforward as a java.lang.String. The reason to adopt a private implementation scope is to ensure that all functions involving StringNoCase preserve the semantics of StringNoCase as representing a case-insensitive string value. Otherwise it is very easy for clients to declare a function such as: foreign unsafe import jvm "method replace" replaceChar :: StringNoCase -> Char -> Char -> StringNoCase; which does not handle case-insensitivity correctly, but is a perfectly valid declaration. This declaration results in a compilation error when it is placed outside the module in which StringNoCase is defined because of the private implementation scope of StringNoCase. For Color, the issue is somewhat more subtle. The java.awt.Color implementation type is semantically the same as the CAL Color type. The problem is that java.awt.Color is mutable (since it can be sub-classed to create a mutable type). It is preferable for a first-class CAL type to not be mutable, so we simply make the implementation scope private to ensure that this will be the case. A somewhat less encapsulated kind of abstract data type can be created using friend modules and protected scope. For example, if an algebraic type is public, and all its data constructors are protected, then the data constructors can be accessed in the friend modules of the module in which the type is defined. Effectively this means that the implementation of the semantics of the type stretches over the module in which the type is defined, and all of its friend modules. These must all be checked if the implementation of the type is modified. Given the merits of abstract data types discussed above, it is perhaps surprising that most of the core types defined in the Prelude module are not abstract data types. For example: Boolean, Char, Int, Double, String, List, Maybe, Either, Ordering, JObject, JList, and all record and tuple types are non-abstract types. There are different reasons for this, depending on the particular type involved. For example, Boolean, List, Maybe, Either and Ordering are all rather canonical algebraic data types with a long history in functional languages, with many standard functions using them. They are thus guaranteed never to change. In addition, their values have no particular design invariants that need to be enforced via constructor functions. Exposing the data constructors gives clients some additional syntactic flexibility in using values of the type. For example, they can pattern match on the values using case expressions or let patterns. Essentially the same explanation holds for record and tuple types. Although non-tuple record types are less canonical, they do correspond to the fundamental notion of an anonymous named-field product type. The "anonymous" here simply means that the programmer can create an entirely new record type simply by creating a value; the type does not have to be declared anywhere prior to use. Char, Int, Double, String, JObject and JList are foreign types where in fact part of the semantics of the type is that we want clients to know that the type is a foreign type. For example, we want clients to know that Prelude.Int is essentially the Java primitive unboxed int type, and has all the semantics you would expect of the Java int type i.e. this is quite different from RelativeDate which is using int as its implementation type in a very tactical way that we may choose to change. One can think of a public foreign type declaration with public implementation scope as simply introducing the Java type into the CAL namespace. One interesting point here is with CAL's naming convention for public foreign types. We prefix a type name by "J" (for "Java") for foreign types with public implementation type such that the underlying Java type is mutable. This is intended as mnemonic that the type is not a pure functional type and thus some caution needs to be taken when using it. For example, Prelude.JObject has public Java implementation type java.lang.Object. In the case where the underlying Java type is not mutable, we do not use the prefix, since even though the type is foreign; it is basically a first class functional type and can be freely used without concern. For example, Prelude.String has public Java implementation type java.lang.String. In the case where the implementation type is private, then the fact that the type is a foreign type, whether mutable or not, is an implementation detail and we do not hint at that detail via the name. Thus Color.Color has as its private Java implementation type the mutable Java type java.awt.Color. When creating abstract data types it is important to not inadvertently supply public API functions that conflict with the desired public semantics of the type. For example, if the type is publicly a pure-functional (i.e. immutable) type such as Color, it is important not to expose functions that mutate the internal Java representation. A more subtle case of inadvertently exposing the implementation of a type can occur with derived instances. For example, deriving the Prelude.Outputable and Prelude.Inputable type classes on a foreign type, whose implementation type is a mutable Java reference type, allows the client to gain access to the underlying Java value and mutate it
(by calling Prelude.output, mutating, and then calling Prelude.input). The solution in this case is to not derive Inputable and Outputable instances, but rather to define a custom Inputable and Outputable instance that copies the underlying values.

Hi Pandra801,
When you create a the external content type, please try to add a filter based on your select statement.
http://arsalkhatri.wordpress.com/2012/01/07/external-list-with-bcs-search-filters-finders/
Or, try to create a stored procedure based on your select statement, then create ECT using the SQL stored procedure.
A step by step guide in designing BCS entities by using a SQL stored procedure
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sharepointdev/archive/2011/02/10/173-a-step-by-step-guide-in-designing-bcs-entities-by-using-a-sql-stored-procedure.aspx
I hope this helps.
Thanks,
Wendy
Wendy Li
TechNet Community Support

How can i import a dmp file.

Hi
i am uzma. i m using oracle 8i. i m facing a big
problem in import/ export utitlity.
Description of my problem
i created 4 users and grant them dba role.
now i want to export only one user named DBC that user is very
important and contains 7 tables and 25,000 records.
when i start exporting user dbc it export all the user eg
system, sysdba, scott, dbc, uzma, other....
and i received this message that export terminated successfully.
but when i import abc.dmp file in another computer i recevied
such type of messages.
* unrecongnized Export file or these obecject are already exsist.
sholud i drop all users except system, scott, dbc
what should i do plz help me in this regard and tell me the
right way to export and import.
with lots of regards
a helpless user

if you run export as a user with DBA privs, you can export only specific users that you need:
Export file: EXPDAT.DMP >
(1)E(ntire database), (2)U(sers), or (3)T(ables): (2)U > U
Export grants (yes/no): yes >
Export table data (yes/no): yes >
Compress extents (yes/no): yes >
Export done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
About to export specified users ...
User to be exported: (RETURN to quit) > scott
User to be exported: (RETURN to quit) >
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user SCOTT
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user SCOTT
About to export SCOTT's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export SCOTT's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                          BONUS          0 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table                           DEPT          4 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table                            EMP         14 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table                       SALGRADE          5 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
. exporting operators
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. exporting indextypes
. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes
. exporting posttables actions
. exporting materialized views
. exporting snapshot logs
. exporting job queues
. exporting refresh groups and children
. exporting dimensions
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
F:\>When you want to import to other database, have that user created already with correct privs, and then do the import:
Import file: EXPDAT.DMP >
Enter insert buffer size (minimum is 8192) 30720>
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in WE8MSWIN1252 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
List contents of import file only (yes/no): no >
Ignore create error due to object existence (yes/no): no >
Import grants (yes/no): yes >
Import table data (yes/no): yes >
Import entire export file (yes/no): no >
Username: scott
Enter table(T) or partition(T:P) names. Null list means all tables for user
Enter table(T) or partition(T:P) name or . if done:
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing table                        "BONUS"          0 rows imported
. . importing table                         "DEPT"          4 rows imported
. . importing table                          "EMP"         14 rows imported
. . importing table                     "SALGRADE"          5 rows imported
About to enable constraints...
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
F:\>Message was edited by:
Kamal Kishore

Error while using exp utility

Hi,
I am getting the following oracle error while using exp,
can someone please suggest on this,
About to export specified users ...
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user SIEBEL
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user SIEBEL
About to export SIEBEL's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export SIEBEL's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table EIM_ACCDTL_TNT
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 904 encountered
ORA-00904: "MAXSIZE": invalid identifier
. . exporting table EIM_ACCNTROUTE
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 1003 encountered
ORA-01003: no statement parsed
. . exporting table EIM_ACCNT_CUT
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 904 encountered
ORA-00904: "MAXSIZE": invalid identifier
. . exporting table EIM_ACCNT_DTL
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 1003 encountered
ORA-01003: no statement parsed

Satish is right, there exists bug for 11.1.0.6.
Look at metalink note 741984.1.
Bug number is 5872788 - there exists patch as well.

Foreign functions

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