Group by clause will try to group the primay key's
hi all,
For my requiremments and to avoid the the subquery i am using join and group by clause in my sql query in oracle 10g r2 database.my question is if i put a primary column the group clause then oracle try to group the records?.
i know if we use a primary key column in group by clause there is no grouping will occur.
but i have doubt oracle will try to group ? because it will take some amount of time to achive?
else due presense of primay key column in group by clause oracle won't try?
Please advice ??
My query return the records less then the min v_date(date datatype) column.
i check this condition in having clause
my old query is
select emp_id,emp_name,voldate,volume,productivity
from volume v1
where v1.voldate<=(select min(v2.voldate) form volume v2 where v2.emp_id=1)
and v1.emp_id=1
i change it as
select emp_id,emp_name,voldate,volume,productivity
from volume v1,volume v2
where v1.emp_id=v2.emp_id
having v1.voldate<=min(v2. voldate)
group by emp_id,emp_name,voldate,volume,productivity
above the query's emp_id is primay key for volume table
comparing both query's which one is the best while looking th response time.
else any other alternative for both the queries.??
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Aggregate fuction with group by clause
Hello,
Following is assignment is given but i dont get correct output
so please i am request to all of us write code to solve my problem.
There can be multiple records for one customer in VBAK tables with different combinations.
Considering that we do not need details of each sales order,
use Aggregate functions with GROUP BY clause in SELECT to read the fields.
<garbled code removed>
Moderator Message: Please paste the relevant portions of the code
Edited by: Suhas Saha on Nov 18, 2011 1:48 PMSo if you need not want all the repeated records, then you select all the values to an Internal table,
and declare an internal table of same type and Usee COLLECT
for ex:
itab1 type <xxxx>.
wa_itba like line of itab1.
itab2 type <xxxx>. "<-This should be same type of above.
select * from ..... into table itab1.
and now...
loop at itab1 into wa_itab.
collect wa_itab1 into itab2.
endloop.
then you will get your desired result.. -
Output not sorted when using group by clause
Recently we migrated our application from Forms5 to Forms10g and database from 7.3.2 to 10gR2.
More than 400 applications using sql stmt with "group by" clause and without "order by".
In Earlier version of oracle 7.3.2 "group by" clause in SQL stmt sorts the output by order of the column in the "group by"
stmt, where new version of oracle 10g (10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production) doesnt behave like older version.
eg select div_cd,dept_cd,count(*) from class group by div_cd,dept_cd
Output of the above query in Oracle7
DIV_CD DEPT_CD COUNT(*)
0 1 120
0 9 131
1 4 938
1 6 1
4 1 1490
5 2 59
6 6 848
6 9 295
8 1 45
9 5 19
Output of same query in Oracle10g
DIV_CD DEPT_CD COUNT(*)
0 6 120
0 9 131
4 1 1490
6 9 295
8 1 45
9 5 19
1 4 938
1 6 1
5 2 59
6 6 848
My question is
a) Does the oracle behave in that manner?.
b) if so, Any patch set available for this?
c) if no patch set how to resolve this issue.
if i use "order by" clause
along with group by then i can get the output how i want.
BUt problem is more than 400 applications (forms) using above method.
Identify Forms/Reports and rectifing is a tedious job.
Anyone can give me a good solution to solve the above issueGroup By does not, and never has guaranteed order. Just because it happened that way on the past does not mean it will continue to do so.
In the past, the algorithm used for Group By invoked a sort. It was convenient for the system to simply dump the output in that resulting order. These days, Group By could also be accomplished using a hash algorithm. Walking through the hash can easily result in a completely different ordering, as you have seen.
Your problem is that the assumptions made previously are now invalid. Oracle is still working correctly. No patch, but you might be able to work around it by crippling your database and using the COMPATIBLE parameter (although the official lower limit is 9.2.0) -
Hi,
I have four columns in group by clause. I want to add conditional group by clause.
Case 1 : If one of the column's value is null, I don't want to include it in group by clause. Means, Now GROUP BY clause will have only 3 columns.
Case 2 : If not null, then GROUP BY clause with all four columns.
Please help me out on this.
Thanks in advance.Hi
I think it won't matter, all group functions by default ignore NULLs so your result won't differ.
select dept, loc, sum(sal)
from (
select 'A' emp , 1 dept , 'P' loc , 100 sal from dual union all
select'B',1,'P',200 from dual union all
select'C',2,'P',300 from dual union all
select'D',2,'P',400 from dual union all
select'E',3, 'P',500 from dual union all
select'F',3, 'P',600 from dual union all
select'G',4, 'Q',700 from dual union all
select'H', null,'Q' , 1000 from dual union all
select'I',null ,'Q', 2000 from dual union all
select 'J' ,null, 'Q',300 from dual)
group by dept,loc;
Output
DEPT LOC SUM(SAL)
1 P 300
2 P 700
3 P 1100
Q 3300
4 Q 700
Now by doing grouping only for NOT NULL values,
select dept,loc, sum(sal)
from (
select 'A' emp , 1 dept , 'P' loc , 100 sal from dual union all
select'B',1,'P',200 from dual union all
select'C',2,'P',300 from dual union all
select'D',2,'P',400 from dual union all
select'E',3, 'P',500 from dual union all
select'F',3, 'P',600 from dual union all
select'G',4, 'Q',700 from dual union all
select'H', null,'Q' , 1000 from dual union all
select'I',null ,'Q', 2000 from dual union all
select 'J' ,null, 'Q',300 from dual)
where dept is not null --------------NOT NULL Condition
group by dept, loc;
Output
DEPT LOC SUM(SAL)
1 P 300
2 P 700
3 P 1100
4 Q 700
Now by doing grouping only for NULL values,
select dept,loc, sum(sal)
from (
select 'A' emp , 1 dept , 'P' loc , 100 sal from dual union all
select'B',1,'P',200 from dual union all
select'C',2,'P',300 from dual union all
select'D',2,'P',400 from dual union all
select'E',3, 'P',500 from dual union all
select'F',3, 'P',600 from dual union all
select'G',4, 'Q',700 from dual union all
select'H', null,'Q' , 1000 from dual union all
select'I',null ,'Q', 2000 from dual union all
select 'J' ,null, 'Q',300 from dual)
where dept is null --------------NULL Condition
group by dept, loc;
Output
DEPT LOC SUM(SAL)
Q 3300
The output is same for both the conditions. -
-- SQL -- GROUP BY clause: non-aggregate fields mandate
Hello,
I was studying Databases, (particularly the retrieval of the data), and found something interesting.
While using an Aggregate Function in the SELECT clause, it is mandatory to have all the non-aggregate fields in the SELECT clause to be there in the GROUP BY clause.
For example,
SELECT dept_no, SUM(salary)
FROM employee
GROUP BY dept_no;
The above SQL works fine.
But, what if the user misses the dept_no in the GROUP BY clause or he/she misses the GROUP BY clause itself?
Certainly, it is an error.
Why is this error not handled by the database. I mean, the database should be smart/intelligent enough to add the GROUP BY clause by itself. So suppose, if I miss out the GROUP BY clause or miss a non-aggregate field from the SELECT clause when I am having at least one aggregate function on a field with at least one non-aggregated field in the SELECT clause, the database should check the GROUP BY clause at time of compilation and add the mandate missed out fields in the GROUP BY clause.
Example,
SQL1:_
SELECT dept_no, SUM(salary)
FROM employee
GROUP BY dept_no;
SQL2:_
SELECT dept_no, SUM(salary)
FROM employee;
Here, the SQL1 and SQL2, both should give me same outputs without an error.
I am unable to understand why is this not handled?Hi,
998478 wrote:
... If we mix aggregate and non-aggregate values then there must be a GROUP BY clause containing all the non-aggregate values. Why is this not handled by the database/compiler itself? It IS handled by the compiler itself. The compiler handles it by raising an error. The compiler has no way of knowing whether you want to remove something from the SELECT clause, or to add something to the GROUP BY clause, or not to use aggregate functions, or to use more aggregate functions, or some combination of the above. If the compiler re-wrote your code, and did any of these things automatically, it would be wrong more often than it was right, and you would (rightly) be complaining about its behavior.
For example, this is clearly wrong:
SELECT deptno
, job
, SUM (sal)
FROM scott.emp
GROUP BY deptno
;What is the right way to fix it?
<h3>1. Remove something from the SELECT clause</h3>
SELECT deptno
, SUM (sal)
FROM scott.emp
GROUP BY deptno
;<h3>2. Add something to the GROUP BY clause</h3>
SELECT deptno
, job
, SUM (sal)
FROM scott.emp
GROUP BY deptno
, job
;<h3>3. Not use aggregate functions</h3>
SELECT deptno
, job
, sal
FROM scott.emp
;<h3>4. Use more aggregate functions</h3>
SELECT deptno
, MIN (job)
, SUM (sal)
FROM scott.emp
GROUP BY deptno
;These aren't all the options, either. For example, the correct fix might be to use analytic functions instead of aggregate functions.
How can anybody say which of these is right? All of them are the right answer for some problem.
By the way, saying that everying in the SELECT clause must be an aggregate or in the GROUP BY clause is a bit over-simplified.
More completely, here are the ABC's of GROUP BY:
When you use a GROUP BY clause and/or an aggregate function, then everything in the SELECT clause must be:
(A) an <b>A</b>ggregate function,
(B) one of the "group <b>B</b>y" expressions,
(C) a <b>C</b>onstant, or
(D) something that <b>D</b>epends entirely on the above. (For example, if you "GROUP BY TRUNC(dt)", you can SELECT "TO_CHAR (TRUNC(dt), 'Mon-DD')").
Edited by: Frank Kulash on Apr 13, 2013 1:44 PM
Added code examples. -
Removing an attribute from a group by clause
This concerns a web application developed by JDeveloper 10.1.2 (adf, uix). I have viewobject with a query, written in expert mode, that has a group by clause. I removed an attribute from the select statement that was included in the group by clause and removed it from the bindings of the page that displays the data from the view. When I test the application module the data is grouped correctly. But when I run the view the attribute is not shown on the page but the data is still grouped by the attribute. The same query works fine in SQL plus, it looks like JDeveloper 'remembers' the old group by clause somewhere. I checked the xml file of the view object and it looks ok. Where can the old group by clause be written? How comes it is still applied?
joni1129 wrote:
I am trying to place a shape on an image and remove it from the photo, creating just the picture within the shape. When I follow instructions, I get a lovely shape around my image, but the image isn't removed. It just sits in a white-checkered background.
How do I get rid of the white background?
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