How do I flag a partition as bootable?

I'm trying to install Ubuntu on my old Macbook Pro. I can't get it to work.
1. This is what I did first:
I boot my portable up as a hard drive. I do this by holding down T upon startup, and see it as a hard drive on my working computer.
2. This is what I did second:
In the terminal of my working computer, after having created a disk image from the Ubuntu ISO, I typed sudo dd if=/path/to/downloaded.img of=/dev/rdisk3 bs=1m
After rebooting the Macbook Pro, it automatically launched the Ubuntu installation program and everything went smooth. Until it was time to install, where it (of course) failed due to the destination being the same partitition as the source.
3. This is what I did third:
I made two partitions on my Macbook. One 1gb partition and a second one for the rest. Now, I tried the same thing but put it on it's own partition. sudo dd if=/path/to/downloaded.img of=/dev/rdisk3s2 bs=1m
After rebooting the computer, I get a blinking folder with a questionmark on it. When I try re-booting and holding down the options key, nothing happens. It doesn't find any bootable partitions.
4. This is what I think I need help with:
Is there any way of flaging the disk3s2 partition as bootable, so that the computer boots from there just like it does when I have only one partition (see 1)?
Additional information:
I can not boot from a USB nor from a DVD/CD due to many hardware errors on my computer. It pretty much has no working ports except the one

Hi ..
Apple Mail does not support that feature.

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