How pacman upgrade work?

Hi, I am new to Arch and curious about how the upgrade process work. I was uing ubuntu and some debian based linux, when I did an kernel upgrade, it will install the new kernel and I had to reboot to boot into the new kernel. In the same time, the old kernel was still exist in my machine. I just did pacman -Syu and upgarde the kernel in Arch. I don't see any old kernel left. Can someone explain the process to me? Do I need to do some cleanup work after the upgrade? Thanks

From man 8 pacman:
HANDLING CONFIG FILES
Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
installed, one for the new file that´s about to be installed, and one for the
actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
follow scenarios can result:
original=X, current=X, new=X
All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
new file.
original=X, current=X, new=Y
The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
original=X, current=Y, new=X
Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
filesystem has been modified. Leave the current file in place.
original=X, current=Y, new=Y
The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
original=X, current=Y, new=Z
All three files are different, so install the new file with a .pacnew
extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
necessary changes into the original file.

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