How to configure Firefox to use OpenVPN?

summary: I'm running OpenVPN from a Debian client through a Debian jumpbox/server. After I [start the server, start the client] most IP-based applications (DNS, ping, ssh) seem to work from the client, but client's Firefox cannot connect to http://www.whatismyip.com/ (or any other URI). How to configure Firefox to use the VPN? or otherwise fix the problem? or further debug it?
details:
I have a laptop running debian_version==jessie/sid with Firefox version=33.0 which needs to access a compute cluster. The cluster formerly required only an SSL VPN (enabled by a Firefox plugin) to access, but now has several additional requirements, which I seek to satisfy by running the SSL VPN through a jumpbox running an OpenVPN server. The jumpbox is running a "vanilla" Debian 7.7.
I have been using the laptop successfully for a few years without network problems. Currently I have the laptop connected by wire directly to an ISP-supplied modem/router. With `openvpn` NOT running on the laptop, I see:
* `ifconfig` shows no entry='tun0' (just "the usual" entries for 'eth0', 'lo', 'wlan0'), and shows the expected client IP# bound to 'eth0'.
* I can `ping` my jumpbox/server using its real IP#, but cannot `ping 10.8.0.1`
* I can `ssh` to my jumpbox/server using its real IP#, but cannot `ssh 10.8.0.1`
* `nslookup www.whatismyip.com` gives correct results
* browsing to http://www.whatismyip.com/ shows my client's IP# (as also shown in `ifconfig`)
Both my client/laptop and server/jumpbox setups are quite generic OpenVPN-wise, and are almost exactly as described on the Debian wiki
https://wiki.debian.org/openvpn%20for%20server%20and%20client
me@jumpbox:~$ date ; cat /etc/openvpn/server.conf
Sat Nov 8 16:49:00 EST 2014
port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/server.key
dh /etc/openvpn/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # google public DNS
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
user nobody
group nogroup
persist-key
persist-tun
status openvpn-status.log
verb 3
me@laptop:~$ date ; cat /etc/openvpn/client1.conf
Sat Nov 8 16:51:31 EST 2014
client
dev tun
proto udp
remote ser.ver.IP.num 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
user nobody
group nogroup
persist-key
persist-tun
mute-replay-warnings
ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/client1.crt
key /etc/openvpn/client1.key
ns-cert-type server
comp-lzo
verb 3
up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
My jumpbox/server firewall is currently set to forward everything, using `iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE`:
me@jumpbox:~$ date ; sudo iptables -L
Sat Nov 8 16:42:06 EST 2014
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
fail2ban-ssh tcp -- anywhere anywhere multiport dports ssh
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain fail2ban-ssh (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere
After I start `openvpn` on first the server and then the client, I see no OpenVPN errors on either the server or the client:
me@jumpbox:~$ sudo openvpn --script-security 2 --config /etc/openvpn/server.conf &
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Jun 18 2013
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 Diffie-Hellman initialized with 1024 bit key
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 TLS-Auth MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ]
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->131072] S=[212992->131072]
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 ROUTE default_gateway=ser.ver.gate.way
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.1 pointopoint 10.8.0.2 mtu 1500
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.8.0.2
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ]
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 GID set to nogroup
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 UID set to nobody
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 UDPv4 link local (bound): [undef]
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 UDPv4 link remote: [undef]
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 MULTI: multi_init called, r=256 v=256
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 IFCONFIG POOL: base=10.8.0.4 size=62, ipv6=0
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 ifconfig_pool_read(), in='TomRoche,10.8.0.4', TODO: IPv6
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 succeeded -> ifconfig_pool_set()
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 IFCONFIG POOL LIST
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 TomRoche,10.8.0.4
Sat Nov 8 17:48:25 2014 Initialization Sequence Completed
me@laptop:~$ sudo openvpn --script-security 2 --config /etc/openvpn/client1.conf &
Sat Nov 8 17:49:12 2014 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts
Sat Nov 8 17:49:12 2014 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->131072] S=[212992->131072]
Sat Nov 8 17:49:12 2014 NOTE: UID/GID downgrade will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay
Sat Nov 8 17:49:12 2014 UDPv4 link local: [undef]
Sat Nov 8 17:49:12 2014 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]jump.box.IP.num:1194
Sat Nov 8 17:49:12 2014 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]jump.box.IP.num:1194, sid=25df7af6 0ece4089
Sat Nov 8 17:49:13 2014 VERIFY OK: depth=1, <my config data/>
Sat Nov 8 17:49:13 2014 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER
Sat Nov 8 17:49:13 2014 VERIFY OK: depth=0, <my config data/>
Sat Nov 8 17:49:14 2014 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key
Sat Nov 8 17:49:14 2014 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
Sat Nov 8 17:49:14 2014 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key
Sat Nov 8 17:49:14 2014 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
Sat Nov 8 17:49:14 2014 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA
Sat Nov 8 17:49:14 2014 [TomRoche] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]jump.box.IP.num:1194
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 SENT CONTROL [TomRoche]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8,route 10.8.0.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5'
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 ROUTE_GATEWAY lap.top.gate.way/255.255.255.0 IFACE=eth0 HWADDR=la:pt:op:MAC:ad:dr
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 local 10.8.0.6 peer 10.8.0.5
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf tun0 1500 1542 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 init
dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /sbin/ip route add lap.top.IP.num/32 via lap.top.gate.way
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /sbin/ip route add 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.5
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /sbin/ip route add 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.5
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 /sbin/ip route add 10.8.0.1/32 via 10.8.0.5
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 GID set to nogroup
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 UID set to nobody
Sat Nov 8 17:49:16 2014 Initialization Sequence Completed
I then see the following on my client:
* `ifconfig` shows a new entry=`tun0`, which looks correct
* I can `ping` the server using either its real IP# or `10.8.0.1`
* I can `ssh` to the server using either its real IP# or `10.8.0.1`
* `nslookup www.whatismyip.com` gives correct results
... but I get no connection if I open a new instance of Firefox and browse to http://www.whatismyip.com/ :-( "Looking up www.whatismyip.com..." succeeds quickly but the status line continues to display "Connecting to www.whatismyip.com..." until the attempt times out. I also get the same behavior (connection timeout) if I open a new instance of Chrome, or if I browse to http://www.whatismyip.com/ with a Firefox opened prior to starting OpenVPN. FWIW I get the same behavior browsing to any URI, including (e.g.) Google.
This is a major problem for me! For the SSL VPN to work, I need to start a Firefox and run it (since the SSL VPN's vendor only supports it on Linux via a Firefox plugin) to access a particular remote-access website. Furthermore I need the SSL VPN to run through the jumpbox/OpenVPN. (Don't ask, it's a long, sad story ...)
Is there something I must do to configure Firefox to use the VPN? Or is there some other way to fix this?
Alternatively, what should I do to further debug the problem? It just seems odd to me that the other services work (e.g., `nslookup`, `ssh`) but Firefox does not. That being said, both Firefox and Chrome fail in this usecase, so the problem might be generic to web browsers.
your assistance is appreciated, Tom Roche <[email protected]>

You're kidding. You have to go through that rigamarole just to put your bookmarks on your own server? Where's the simple FTP option?
Also, the above-linked article has a broken link. The link to the weaveserver (which is what you have to set up on your own server) is no good, and there is no obvious replacement. There are plenty of Weave-related repositories here:
http://hg.mozilla.org/labs
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The ANT documentation provides at "IDE integration" helpful links to that issue.
BTW, my second question about integrating App Servers into Netbeans is still open.
I think it utilizes the Netbeans Server Plugin API but how do I recognize a valid module file?
Carsten

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