How to display Employee Attendance Data in Crosstab Format?

Question

Hi all,
I have the data in sql server 2005 like below, which saves the employee in date and in time and entry type 
How can i create a cross tab query for the above records in sql server 2005. and i need the record in the below format:
where 1, 2, 3 are indate days, and below is intime, out time and the difference of hours per employee...
How can i achieve it as i have to make report for it... need sql query or stored procedure for the format required.
Thanks in adv.

Answer 1

One could argue that the crosstab is best produced in the presentation layer and that SQL Server should only return the raw data. But if you like to hurt yourself...
First you need an unpivoting query to put starttime, endtime and length in a single row. Since all columns in a row needs to have the same data type, this requires some care.
We take this CTE:
WITH CTE AS (
  SELECT t.EmpID, u.n, datepart(day, t.starttime) AS day
         substring(convert(char(23),
            CASE u.n WHEN 1 THEN t.starttime
                     WHEN 2 THEN t.endtime
                     WHEN 3 THEN dateadd(ss, datediff(ss, t.starttime, t.endtime), '19000101')
            END, 108), 11, 5)
  FROM   tbl
  CROSS  JOIN (SELECT n = 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3)
  WHERE  t.starttime >= @month + '01'
    AND  t.starttime <  dateadd(month, 1, @month + '01')
I assume here that @month is on the form YYYYMM.
Before I go on, I like to point out that something you need to consider is what output you want if there are multiple entries the same day. And even worse, what output do you want if the intervals are overlapping? To keep this post down in complexity, I
will ignore this situation, but I like to stress that unless you have the appropriate triggers and constraints in place, you will have that sort of data in a real production scenarion. Bad data knows how to creep in.
With the CTE above, we can now pivot the data per day. It is kind of boring to write:
SELECT EmpID,
       MIN (CASE day WHEN 1 THEN data END) AS [1],
       MIN (CASE day WHEN 2 THEN data END) AS [2],
       MIN (CASE day WHEN 31 THEN data END) AS [31]
FROM   CTE
GROUP  BY EmpID, n
ORDER  BY EmpID, n
Note: all code here is untested. If you want a tested solution, you need to supply the CREATE TABLE statements for your table and sample data as INSERT statements.
Erland Sommarskog, SQL Server MVP, [email protected]