Indexing on associated objects

Greetings,
I've been doing some performance testing of a cache based query vs vanilla sql queries. In order to accurately compare a cache query to an indexed sql query, I've been attempting to create an index... For example, a Vehicle with an associated Account with an associated Address. I would like to be able to index the Vehicle so that I can find all Vehicles in a given state. In the process of creating this index (which may need to load an Account and/or Address from the database for each Vehicle) I've managed to deadlock the cluster before the indexing operation completes. This happens whether or not I try to index as I'm loading Vehicles or by applying the index after the cache is already loaded.
I assume I am probably doing something wrong in my ValueExtractor which results in the deadlock. More generally, is there a recommended approach to indexing fields on associated objects?

Thanks for your quick response Jon.
Yes, my ValueExtractor does make a call back into the cache service... either realizing the account out of the cache or loading it from the database. I bet that's why I'm deadlocking..
As far as the two patterns go...
1.) is a little scary to me with stale data, plus the amount of storage overhead it would impose on the cluster.
2.) is interesting, I'll have to work up a test with something like this. One issue is that I intentionally didn't preload the other caches. We would probably overflow our heap if we loaded all of the Addresses in our db. So I would have to be doing a combination of sql and cache queries.
Thanks for the pointers, I'll try it out.

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Edited by: suchita P on Sep 2, 2008 5:50 PM

Solved after implementing SAP NOTE 1250869

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Hi,
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One of the many new features in Oracle 8i is the Function-Based Index (we will refrain from using FBI, but only just). This allows the DBA to create indexes on functions or expressions; these functions can be user generated pl/sql functions, standard SQL functions (non-aggregate only) or even a C callout.
A classic problem the DBA faces in SQL Tuning is how to tune those queries that use function calls in the where clause, and result in indexes created on these columns not to be used.
Example
Standard B-Tree index on SURNAME with cost based optimizer
create index non_fbi on sale_contacts (surname);
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analyze table sale_contacts compute statistics;
SELECT count(*) FROM sale_contacts
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Execution Plan
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=3 Card=1 Bytes=17)
1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SALES_CONTACTS' (Cost=3 Card=16 Bytes=272)
Now we use a function based index
create index fbi on sale_contacts (UPPER(surname));
analyze index fbi compute statistics;
analyze table sale_contacts compute statistics;
SELECT count(*) FROM sale_contacts WHERE UPPER(surname) = 'ELLISON';
Execution Plan
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=17)
1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'FBI' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=381 Bytes=6477)
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Init.ora Parameters
The following parameter must be set in your parameter file: QUERY_REWRITE_INTEGRITY = TRUSTED
QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED = TRUE
COMPATIBLE = 8.1.0.0.0 (or higher)
Grants
Grants To create function-based indexes the user must be granted CREATE INDEX and QUERY REWRITE, or alternatively be granted CREATE ANY INDEX and GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE. The index owner must have EXECUTE access on the function used for the index. If execute access is revoked then the function-based index will be "disabled" (see dba_indexes).
Disabled Indexes
If your function-based index has a status of "disabled" the DBA can do one of the following:
a) drop and create the index (take note of its current settings)
b) alter index enable, function-based indexes only, also use disable keyword as required
c) alter index unusable.
Queries on a DISABLED index fail if the optimizer chooses to use the index.Here is an example ORA error:
ERROR at line 1: ORA-30554: function-based index MYUSER.FBI is disabled.
All DML operations on a DISABLED index also fail unless the index is also marked UNUSABLE and the initialization parameter SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES is set to true.
Some more Examples
CREATE INDEX expression_ndx
ON mytable ((mycola + mycolc) * mycolb);
SELECT mycolc FROM mytable
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Restriction & Rule Summary
The following restrictions apply to function based indexes. You may not index:
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c) Nested table column
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Joel P�rez

Are there two type of associations between objects or are there just different representations?

I've been spending some time on 're-tuning' some of my OOP understanding, and I've come up against a concept that is confusing me.
Lets say I have two objects. A user object
and an account object.
Back to basics here, but each object has state, behaviour and identity (often referred to as an entity object).
The user object
manages behaviour purely associated with a user, for example we could have a login(credentials) method
that returns if successfully logged in or throws exception if not.
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manages behaviour purely associated with a users account. For example we could have a method checkActive() that checks if the account is active. The account object checks if the account has an up-to-date subscription, checks if there are any admin flags added
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Now here lies my problem. There is clearly a relationship between user and account,
but I feel that there are actually two TYPES of association to consider. One that is data driven (exists only in the data/state of the objects and the database) and one that is behaviour driven (represents an object call to methods of the associated object).
Data Driven Association
In the example I have presented, there is clearly a data association between user and account.
In a database schema we could have the following table:
USER_ACCOUNTS
id
user_id
When we instantiate the account and
load the database data into it, there will be a class variable containing user_id.
In essence, the account object
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Behaviour Driven Association
Behaviour driven associations are really the dependencies of an object. If object A calls methods on object B there is an association going from A to B. A holds an object representation of B.
In my example case, neither the user object
nor the account object
depend on each other to perform their tasks i.e. neither object calls methods on the other object. There is therefore no behaviour driven association between the two and neither object holds an object reference to the other.
Question
Is the case I presented purely a case of entity representation? The association between user and account is
always present, but its being represented in different ways?
ie. the user entity
has an identity that can be represented in different forms. It can be represented as an object (the instantiated user object)
or as a unique integer from the users table in the databases.
Is this a formalised way of recognising different implementations of associations or have I completely lost my mind?
One thing that bugs me is how would I describe the differences in UML or similar? Or is it just an implementation detail?

It s a bit hard to fully understand what is problem actually in :). I think you are a bit mixing some concepts.
Entities representation
At first, all models we are implementing is just a simplification of some real-world objects and environment. Your conceptual entity user corresponds to some real user and contains some attributes we are intresteing in according to application needs. Thus there
are some models we have to implement.
Thus, all user defined by DB schema, user defined by class, and probably user defined by some presentation logic is normally present some real-world user. It is only about implementation purposes, we have to store, view and manipulate with user.
On the other hand let's take a look on Single Responsibility Principle. It tells us to use every class or program unit just for certain needs. Using single user (class or program unit) for storage and presentation needs violates this principles.
the user entity has an identity that can be represented in different forms. It can be represented as an object (the instantiated user object) or as a unique integer from the users table in the
databases.
So, the answer is yes.
Associations and dependencies
I think it is more about terminology than about nature of problem. But in general you are right - there are different types of object realtions (especially, I will use other terms to list it). For example "referencing", "creation", "using",
"coordinating", "storing", "inheriting" (!) ....
According to this, user instance references account instance. And A instance uses B instance.
For most cases it is good enough to distinguish just "referencing" and "using". It is what you've just written. It's enough common and abstract to be understood by other person when talking about domain, e.g.
But sometimes, to emphasize some aspects you should describe relations in a way like "A dispatches ensemble of Bs" or "R stores X to database". It's more applicable for specification and modelling.
Is this a formalised way of recognising different implementations of associations or have I completely lost my mind?
To call something formalized I suggest to look at UML.
UML and other modelling instruments
One thing that bugs me is how would I describe the differences in UML or similar? Or is it just an implementation detail?
There are a lot of UML models (diagrams). Let's take a look at most well-known - Classes and Objects Diagram.
It's interesting that UML allows to present all type of object relations, and moreover allows to decide "is it just an implementation detail".
Martin Fowler describes 3 levels (or point of views) of understanding of Classes Diagram.
Conceptual. Diagram is considered as high-level domain model, independent from implementation.
Specification. Diagram is considered as high-level realization model containing of interfaces.
Implementation. Diagram is considered as low-level technical paper containing interfaces, classes, references, other types of relations.
Is this a formalised way of recognising different implementations of associations or have I completely lost my mind?
Yes, you have to fix some point of view and choose appropriate relations set.
For example, let's take a look at Classes Diagram and consider it from an implementation point of view. UML defines 3 type of relations (and propose corresponding means to its designation):
Association
Association corresponds "referencing" between instances.
Dependency
Dependency combines all types of relations such as "using", "creating", "storing", etc.
Inheritance.
Inheritances as a fundamental OOP instrument is presented by UML in a distinct way. It's more about classes than about instances, but also one can say that A instance inherit attributes of B instance. So, that's ok.
First and second points of view on Class Diagram, as I remember uses only one type of relation unifying both associations and dependencies and is designated like association (no inheritance, of course).
Also, UML proposes Objects Diagram which is same to Classes Diagram, but fits better for runtime modelling needs.
Finally, a choice of a set of relations taken into consideration depends on a context and point of view. UML provides some ones.

Index creation in Oracle Text ???

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Well, thanks for valueable advices... I am using Oracle 8i and let me tell you exact problem...
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Indexing on associated objects

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