Interface confusion

Hi. I posted this topic yesterday, but somehow it didn't appear on the forum. So, here it is again...
I'm confused about some interface issues. If I understood correctlty, interfaces are classes whose methods have no implementation, so it's up on a user to implement them. So far I'm oK.
But, what confuses me is that Java API is filled with interfaces which seem to work on their own?!! I mean, I can make an object of some interface type, call it's methods, and it all works without me having to write any implemenation? How can this be? Hope somebody can axplain this.
Thanks in advance.

Or, slightly more directly (in case there's any confusion about the mysterious factory method)...
java.util.List is an interface.
java.util.ArrayList is a concrete class that implements the interface List.
List list = new ArrayList(); The key is that list is declared to be of type List, but you don't actually create a "raw" List object, since there is no such thing, because that's part of the definition of what an interface is.
Since list is a List, whatever is on the right hand side of that equals must also be a List. But wait, it's an ArrayList, not a List--how can that work? Well, actually, it's an ArrayList and a List.
ArrayList "is-a" List, AbsractList, Serializable, Object, and a few other classes and interfaces.
An instance of a given class "is-a" all of the following...
* its parent class
* every class between its parent class and Object
* Object
* every interface that class itself directly impelments
* every interface that those interfaces extend, recursively up to the root interface(s)
* every interface that all its ancestor classes implement, by this rule recursively, and by the above 2 rules.
If an A "is-a" B, then anyplace where a B is required (e.g. the RHS of an equals, or to pass as a param to a method), you can put an A in. The consequences of this form large part of the foundation of OO. You can declare List, and not need to know any details of how that List is implemented, as long is it does everything a List promises to do (add, remove, contains, iterator...). Any concrete class that meets the contract laid out by the List interface will work. You can try one implementation, and if, say, it doesn't perform well, switch to a different one. The only bit of code you need to change is the one that actually creates that List object. You can call the same method from different parts of the code, passing in a LinkedList in one call and and ArrayList in another. Same exact code interacting with those various List implementations.
For more info...
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/
http://java.sun.com/learning/new2java/index.html
http://javaalmanac.com
http://www.jguru.com
http://www.javaranch.com
http://www.javadude.com
Bruce Eckel's Thinking in Java
Joshua Bloch's Effective Java

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So I need to select top AND middle when applying the stroke, then redefine style if necessary. I guess, due to interface confusion, I was ignoring the middle stroke, thinking it was only for full table-level styling.
In the style options dialog for the Cell Styles, you don't even see a middle stroke. You only get middle strokes if you select the cell and use the stroke palette for local formatting.

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Hi...
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I have obviously missed something big out because I know that interfaces are very important but I don't get the point of them.
I underdstand an interface as a class which declared methods but does not implement them i.e.: public void hello(int num);.
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I'm brand new to Java myself, and haven't yet written anything worthwhile, so take what I say with a grain of salt. BUT... my understanding of interfaces is as follows:
An interface allows you define a "way" in which something should be done without specifying "how" that thing should be done. Say you have a computer, and you want to write some software that controls how the cursor is moved around on the screen. So, you could write your software so that it watches for activity coming from the mouse, and then moves the cursor according to how the mouse was moved. Great, right? Not quite.
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I personally don't feel it's that bad but i still get kind of dirty feeling of doing it this way.

So th eChannel interface is the public interface for all others present
in the system but your server needs a bit more functionality. Why not
define another interface:interface ServerChannel extends Channel {
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appropriate callers, e.g. a package scoped method for the server
(which needs to be in the same package) and a public method for the
rest of the world. The first object would return ServerChannels while
the second method (the public one) would return Channels:[code
public class ChannelFactory {
ServerChannel makeServerChannel() { ... }
public Channel makeChannel() { return makeServerChannel(); }
kind regards,
Jos

Confusion with interfaces

Hi ,
What is the advantage over using interface. I mean , suppose
public interface Calculator
int add();
int sub();
int div();
int mul();
Now
public class Calculation implements Calculator
// will implement all method of Calculator interface
The same thing i can achieve with abstract class.

Prem wrote:
What is the advantage over using interface. I mean , suppose Well a Google of "advantages of using interfaces" threw up [url http://artofsoftwarereuse.com/2010/04/24/5-advantages-of-using-interfaces-for-reusable-assets/]this page, which gives 5 pretty good ones.
...The same thing i can achieve with abstract class.Yes, but an abstract class imposes a hierarchy that may not be desirable (hopefully, you've already been warned about overusing inheritance); it also (usually) imposes an implementation which may not be suitable for everyone.
PS: Didn't you already ask this question?
I believe I suggested you look at AbstractList as an example of a good pattern for an abstract class (ie, as a skeleton implementation of an interface).
Winston

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Hey all
Basically Iv got a board game that mostly uses just ordinary classes but now im trying to introduce interfaces so that testing can be done easily...However I'm not sure how to go about naming these or even how to set them up properly. For example:
Currently I have a CardStack class and this is used for objects whenever there is a need for a representation of a bunch of card....if I was to introduce an interface one options would be like so:
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- Have a AvailableCards implement CardStack
- Have a DiscardedCards implement CardStack
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But now those three implementation use a lot of duplicated code since they have almost the same methods (pop, push, add, remove, get, etc.) so it seems pointless to have this CardStack interface =S might have as well used inheritance instead of an interface no? Or even just stick to how I had it before...I guess another way would be to have a Stack interface and a CardStack implement this Stack interface? But now what will I have as the return types/parameter types that the interface's methods use? They can use
Card for example but then if I want to implement a PigStack rather than a CardStack I'm doomed.
So yeh im not too sure on how to go about incorporating interfaces like this...any help?
Also sorry for the long post!

kman91 wrote:
hmm...but I don't see how having getters will make it any better? I mean now your just passing the reference to the private field, essentially giving it full access (just cant overwrite it) now.First of all, you need not provide a setter. For example, it's easily possible that only the Board itself needs to set the variable. In that case you can provide a getter but no setter.
Also, you can do stuff other than just returning the variable in the getter: you can log access, count access, deny access (by throwing an exception) or returning a wrapper object.
The thing is there will be alot of methods (and apparently thats a design smell)"Design smell" does not necessarily mean that it's a bad thing, it just means that it's something to investigate (as you're doing it right now!)
since each card has an action that can be activated that can do a whole variety of things.Really? If each card has an action, then i'd expect a single invokeAction() method on the Card class with multiple different implementatons. How do you have multiple methods on a single class because of this?

Confusing Interface Icon

Greetings:
I hope someone can help with this question. I just noticed that almost every song in my ITunes library (5300+) has the small grey circle with the white arrow in the Name, Artist, and Album columns. I've never really noticed this icon before so I don't know how long it's been there or even if it should be there.
When I click on it, the computer attempts to connect to the Apple Music Store. Before I go any further I need to point out that I have never bought anything from the Music Store. I don't even have an account with them.
But after hacking around the preferences for awhile, I noticed that if I click "Disable Music Store" in the Parental Preferences, the circles go away. As I said, none of these songs were purchased through Apple. They are all from my own personal CD collection. The only songs that don't display the circle are some of the songs recorded by my band. But even this isn't consistent. Some of band's songs have the circle, others don't. Some only have the icon in the artist column
So I'm confused. Why does this circle appear with the majority of songs? Why does it try to connect to the Music Store. Why does it go away when I turn off access to the Music Store?
I also noticed that in the Advanced Preferences, Deauthorize this Computer is lit up. I was going to click on it, but then started thinking there might be some bizarre reason the library thinks everything is from Apple, and if I deauthorized the computer I might not have access to my own songs.
Is this a bug? Or is it something I should just ignore? Or is this just a way Apple encourages you to visist the store? Hopefully this is just something simple I've overlooked. Maybe this should be posted in the Music Store Boards, but since I don't have an account with them, I thought I would start here.
Thanks in advance for any help or suggestions...

There is another use for those arrows. If you option-click on the arrow beside and artist or album name, you will end up with a listing of just that artist or album. There is a script or program around to reverse the order of the actions, so that you would click on the arrows to get the arist or album list.
You do not need a iTunes account to browse the music store and the arrows that take you to the store acts like a sales brochure - "Here's what we got".
Do you have a playlist named "Purchased" or any tracks listed as "Protected AAC" in the Kind column? If so, then you have some music from the music store and you shouldn't de-authorize your computer.

I am confused with Interface

my example is
public interface IName
public interface IAdress
public interface IPhoneBook
public class PhoneBook implement IPhoneBook
my question is
IPhoneBook associate with IName interface at the one time. (public interface IPhoneBook extends IName) ex.
But IPhoneBook must be have one more with IAdrress (like. BillingAddress, ContactAddres).
How code IPhoneBook
and How PhoneBook create java code...

if you have a good solution my PhoneBook class can
you send to me class and Interface codes.You don't have to start using interfaces from day
one. Why don't you just define a plain PhoneBook
class holding information about name, address and
phone number?because hibernate need Interface for caching..What's hibernate? And why does it need exactly a interfaces? And why especially for cashing? What cashing?
Are these interfaces predefined? In that case you only have to implement them. Is your question actually how one implements an interface?

What is the diff b/w Abstract class and an interface ?

Hey
I am always confused as with this issue : diff b/w Abstract class and an interface ?
Which is more powerful in what situation.
Regards
Vinay

Hi, Don't worry I am teach you
Abstract class and Interface
An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods.
Edited by SASIKUMARA
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sasikumara
Message was edited by:
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Router A:
router ospf 1
router-id 10.213.22.2
passive-interface default
network x.x.97.26 0.0.0.0 area 0
interface Tunnel1
ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet0/1
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router B:
router ospf 1
router-id 172.17.2.6
priority 1
redistribute static subnets route-map Lan-static-RM
passive-interface default
no passive-interface Tunnel1
no passive-interface Tunnel4
no passive-interface Tunnel5
network x.x.173.109 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 172.17.2.6 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 192.168.1.47 0.0.0.0 area 0
interface Tunnel4
ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet0/2
ip virtual-reassembly in
ip tcp adjust-mss 1398
ip ospf network point-to-point
load-interval 30
tunnel source GigabitEthernet0/2
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tunnel path-mtu-discovery
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end
thanks P

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Posting
I haven't studied your config, but I can tell you I have production environment using OSPF across VTI (and GRE, and GRE/IPSec and DMVPN) tunnels without issue. I.e. so OSPF can be okay with VTI tunnels.

Problem with FWSM and L3 interface in same switch

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I can not get a PC, in a vlan that has the layer 3 interface defined on the switch with the active FWSM in it, to communicate with devices "behind" the FWSM. If I move the layer 3 configuration for that vlan to the other 6513, everything works fine.
The MSFCs are on the inside of the firewall, they have a layer 3 interface configured in the same vlan as the FWSM "inside" interface. Several "same security level" interfaces are defined on the FWSM and used to protect server farms. I am using OSPF on the MSFCs and FWSM and the routing table is correct.
The FWSM builds connections for attempts made by the PC with the layer 3 interface defined on the same switch as the active FWSM just fine, so this is not a FWSM ACL problem.
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Just to add to the confusion, if I capture in the same places, but do the ping from a PC that is in a vlan with the layer 3 interface defined in the 6513 that does not contain the active FWSM, which works fine, I see the request and reply on the common vlan capture, but only the request on the port channel capture.
This problem has been there from the beginning of this implementation and has not changed with IOS and FWSM software upgrades. I have experienced this with any and all vlans that I tried to define the layer 3 interface for on the switch with the active FWSM. I have MLS turned on.
If anyone else has experienced this and solved it, or knows what is going on, I would appreciate any insight.
Thanks.
Keith

I will have to get setup to record more data, but I do know the FWSM showed a ping request and a ping reply at the "inside" interface.
I believe my problem is related to the IOS command "firewall multiple-vlan-interfaces" which I put in place to allow IPX traffic to be brought around the FWSM. The little documentation that there is for this command, states that policy routing may need to be implemented to prevent ip packets from going around the firewall. I do not have any policy routing in place.
I also do not have any active layer three interfaces defined for any of the vlans assigned to the firewall except the "inside" interface. So my resoning was that I did not need to be concerned about ip packets having a way around the FWSM. My suspicion is that this command and the fact that I have mls on is causing some type of a problem which results in the packet being "lost" when it needs to be going through the MSFC in the switch with the active FWSM to get to the PC. Hopefully that makes some sense.
Do you have any idea where better documention on using the "firewall multiple-vlan-interfaces" may be, or a better explanation of all that is happening inside the switch when that command is used?
Thanks.

Interface confusion

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