LAN switched network

anyone know what the average bandwidth for a company based on LAN games and Online games are?
(it could be any game)
what factors must take into account to design a LAN switched network based on hierarchical model?
cheers

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Posting
Joseph, How can I minimun latency in LAN as well no packet loss? with protocols, switches,...How packet transmission latency is reduced when all of hosts are connected to access switches on 100Mbps? why not 10 or 1000Mbps?
"... or gig." = 1000 Mbps
Why not 10 Mbps? Because transmission latency, for any size packets is reduced as bandwidth is increased.
How no packet loss? With sufficient bandwidth so there's little need to queue, and if you do need to queue (which again we want to avoid), sufferient buffering so packets aren't dropped.
on the other hand, imagine for a LAN game you need 1Mbps bandwidth. There are 4 VLANs(12,24,36,48 users in each VLAN) and you must use hierarchical model( access,distribution and core layers) and just are allowed to use VLAN,Trunk,VTP,DTP and Rapids PVST+.How can I reache to this amount of bandwidth in LAN?
Why must you use hierarchical model? Modern data center designs, which are aimed at minimum latency, often no longer use the 3 layer design.
If you have multiple VLANs, and we cannot route, hosts won't be able to contact hosts on other VLANs.
Don't understand your last question.

Similar Messages

Ask the Experts :LAN Switching

With Matt Blanshard and Jane Gao
Welcome to the Cisco Support Community Ask the Expert conversation. This is an opportunity to ask your toughest layer 2 questions to two of the technical leaders of the San Jose LAN Switching team, Matt Blanshard and Jane Gao. Learn more about Spanning Tree, VTP, Trunking, Resilient Ethernet Protocol, IGMP Snooping, Private VLANS, Q-in-Q Tunneling, QoS, various switching platforms including all desktop switches, Metro Ethernet switches, 4500 and 6500 switches, Blade Center switches, and Nexus 7000 switches.
Matt Blanshard began his Cisco career as an intern in 2007. He is now a technical leader at the Cisco Technical Assistance Center on the LAN Switching team. He holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Phoenix in computer science, and has CCNA certification.
Jane Gao is a technical leader in the Lan Switching Technical Assistance Center (TAC) team in San Jose. She has been working with LAN switching technologies and supporting Cisco switching platforms Jane's Bio since 2009. Ms. Gao was previously a technical leader in the Wireless TAC team in San Jose. Prior to joining Cisco Ms. Gao was working in software development. She has a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from DePaul University in Chicago.
Remember to use the rating system to let Matt and Jane know if you have received an adequate response.
They might not be able to answer each question due to the volume expected during this event. Remember that you can continue the conversation on the Lan Switching and Routing discussion forum shortly after the event. This event lasts through August 12, 2011. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other community members.

you can load you IOS from the tftpd32 , first donload tftpd32 from google its free, run it but make it sure that you have you IOS image bin file in you PC, then , follow these steps ,
STEP 1.
                Store the IOS image on the computer in any drive with its original name .
STEP2.
           Connect the Switch to the Computer through straight cable.
STEP 3.
             Come to the Switch , come in the enable or privilege mode by entering   enable
             Then come to the configuration mode , type config terminal push enter
           Now type interface fast Ethernet or giga Ethernet port what ever the port is connected to the PC , example interface fast Ethernet 0/1 then push enter
Now give ip address, like
Ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0   enter
No shut   enter
STEP 3 .
                 Come to the PC GO TO THE NETWORk CARD and give the ip address 1.1.1.2 subnet mask 255.0.0.0 gateway 1.1.1.0 nothing else.
STEP 4.
             Now download    tftpd32 you can get it on google download it AND RUN IT . AFTER THAT OPEN THE TFTP WHICH WILL BE ON DESKTOP , DOUBLE CLICK IT AND COME TO current directory and brows the IOS IMAGE FILE where you save that and select that it will then comes to the current directory , now below current directory you will see server interface , in front of that you will have to click show dir and see that the IOS file can be seen .
STEP 5. COME TO THE SWITCH AGAIN , GO in enable mode.
Type this.
                   Copy tftp flash. Push enter
                 It will ask you the name and address of remote host ?
Give the IP ADDRESS of the system , 1.1.1.2 and push enter .
Now it will ask you about the source file name ?
Copy the file name from pc where the IOS IMAGE which is saved on the PC and past on the switch and type.bin in the end and push enter.
Now the SWITCH will ask you about the destination file name , you can create your own name or use the same default name that is saved on the PC which you copy past on switch , after entering the name push enter. NOW WAIT FOR 10 MINUTES IF IT WILL ASK YOU SOMETHING PUSH ENTER AND WAIT FOR THE IMAGE TO UPLOAD.
AFTER THAT COME TO THE enable mode and type wr and the type reload and wait for the reboot process, in case you are using same destination file name as kept on the pc otherwise. Look below
If you have create your own choice name then,
Come to configuration mode , by typing config terminal push enter.
Type this command
   Boot system switch all flash:/new name that you have created and type.bin in the end push enter.
Now type exit come to the enable mode .
Type WR push enter.
Now run these commands for verification.
Show boot. ( after running this command check if the file name of the IOS is there then its ok )
Dir flash. ( after running this command check if the file name of the IOS is there then its ok )
Now TYPE THE LAST COMMAND
Reload and allow the switch to reboot and wait .

Query: Best practice SAN switch (network) access control rules?

Dear SAN experts,
Are there generic SAN (MDS) switch access control rules that should always be applied within the SAN environment?
I have a specific interest in network-based access control rules/CLI-commands with respect to traffic flowing through the switch rather than switch management traffic (controls for traffic flowing to the switch).
Presumably one would want to provide SAN switch demarcation between initiators and targets using VSAN, Zoning (and LUN Zoning for fine grained access control and defense in depth with storage device LUN masking), IP ACL, Read-Only Zone (or LUN).
In a LAN environment controlled by a (gateway) firewall, there are (best practice) generic firewall access control rules that should be instantiated regardless of enterprise network IP range, TCP services, topology etc.
For example, the blocking of malformed TCP flags or the blocking of inbound and outbound IP ranges outlined in RFC 3330 (and RFC 1918).
These firewall access control rules can be deployed regardless of the IP range or TCP service traffic used within the enterprise. Of course there are firewall access control rules that should also be implemented as best practice that require specific IP addresses and ports that suit the network in which they are deployed. For example, rate limiting as a DoS preventative, may require knowledge of server IP and port number of the hosted service that is being DoS protected.
So my question is, are there generic best practice SAN switch (network) access control rules that should also be instantiated?
regards,
Will.

Hi William,
That's a pretty wide net you're casting there, but i'll do my best to give you some insight in the matter.
Speaking pure fibre channel, your only real way of controlling which nodes can access which other nodes is Zones.
for zones there are a few best practices:
* Default Zone: Don't use it. unless you're running Ficon.
* Single Initiator zones: One host, many storage targets. Don't put 2 initiators in one zone or they'll try logging into each other which at best will give you a performance hit, at worst will bring down your systems.
* Don't mix zoning types: You can zone on wwn, on port, and Cisco NX-OS will give you a plethora of other options, like on device alias or LUN Zoning. Don't use different types of these in one zone.
* Device alias zoning is definately recommended with Enhanced Zoning and Enhanced DA enabled, since it will make replacing hba's a heck of a lot less painful in your fabric.
* LUN zoning is being deprecated, so avoid. You can achieve the same effect on any modern array by doing lun masking.
* Read-Only exists, but again any modern array should be able to make a lun read-only.
* QoS on Zoning: Isn't really an ACL method, more of a congestion control.
VSANs are a way to separate your physical fabric into several logical fabrics. There's one huge distinction here with VLANs, that is that as a rule of thumb, you should put things that you want to talk to each other in the same VSANs. There's no such concept as a broadcast domain the way it exists in Ethernet in FC, so VSANs don't serve as isolation for that. Routing on Fibre Channel (IVR or Inter-VSAN Routing) is possible, but quickly becomes a pain if you use it a lot/structurally. Keep IVR for exceptions, use VSANs for logical units of hosts and storage that belong to each other. A good example would be to put each of 2 remote datacenters in their own VSAN, create a third VSAN for the ports on the array that provide replication between DC and use IVR to make management hosts have inband access to all arrays.
When using IVR, maintain a manual and minimal topology. IVR tends to become very complex very fast and auto topology isn't helping this.
Traditional IP acls (permit this proto to that dest on such a port and deny other combinations) are very rare on management interfaces, since they're usually connected to already separated segments. Same goes for Fibre Channel over IP links (that connect to ethernet interfaces in your storage switch).
They are quite logical to use and work just the same on an MDS as on a traditional Ethernetswitch when you want to use IP over FC (not to be confused with FC over IP). But then you'll logically use your switch as an L2/L3 device.
I'm personally not an IP guy, but here's a quite good guide to setting up IP services in a FC fabric:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/docs/switches/datacenter/mds9000/sw/4_1/configuration/guides/cli_4_1/ipsvc.html
To protect your san from devices that are 'slow-draining' and can cause congestion, I highly recommend enabling slow-drain policy monitors, as described in this document:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/docs/switches/datacenter/mds9000/sw/5_0/configuration/guides/int/nxos/intf.html#wp1743661
That's a very brief summary of the most important access-control-related Best Practices that come to mind. If any of this isn't clear to you or you require more detail, let me know. HTH!

MPLS versus Switched network

Hi all,
Can Someone tell me if an MPLS network is faster or slower than a switched network ?
Could you please tell me what this line means :
rate-limit output access-group rate-limit 0 3000000 600000 1200000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
Thanks 4 your help...

Hi
about the second question;
you have a "access-list rate-limit 0" command in your configuration
and checking for 3,000,000 = 3M of traffic
if that traffic class is less than 3Meg it will pass otherwise dropped
Your first question is very generic, I am not sure whether you mean by WAN switch or LAN switch
If it is WAN switch Vs MPLS they both have positives and negatives
Regards
Sanjeewa Alahakone
APT- TAC

CER Lan Switch Configuration

We have the following configuration:
Networks:
10.20.1.1 - vlan 1 - default
10.20.2.1 - vlan 2 - voice
10.20.3.1 - vlan 3 - management
10.20.1.1 - 10.20.2.1 - 10.20.3.1 - 3845 router
10.20.3.9 - 3750 switch (connected to router)
10.20.3.10 - 2960 switch (connected to 3750)
10.20.3.11 - 2960 switch (connected to 3750)
10.20.2.x - phones connected to both 2960 switch
I am a bit confused as to how to configure (CER) for the following:
1) Do I need to have both a voice address (10.20.2.x) and a management address (10.20.3.x) on the switches?
2) SMNP Settings - IP Address/Host Name - 10.20.3.* or should it be 10.20.2.* or both?
3) LAN Switch Details - Switch Host Name/IP Address - 10.20.3.9 (3750 switch) or should it be 10.20.2.9. Do I need to enter
10.20.3.10 (2960 switch) and 10.20.3.11 (2960 switch) as well?
4) IP Subnets - Subnet ID - 10.20.0.0. Is this correct or should it be something else?

In local mode, the AP doesn't know anything about dot1q trunking. It tunnels all the traffic back to the WLC.
In FlexConnect, you configure the WLAN to VLAN mapping on a per AP basis.
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/7-2/configuration/guide/cg/cg_flexconnect.html
HTH,
Steve
Please remember to rate useful posts, and mark questions as answered

Stop switching networks

How do I get my Linksys WRT54G2 router from automatically switching networks? When it does this I get limited or no connectivity to the internet on my pc.

Adjust the Wireless Settings on your Linksys Router...
Open an Internet Explorer browser page on your wired computer(desktop).In the address bar type - 192.168.1.1 and press Enter...
Leave username blank & in password use admin in lower case...
For Wireless Settings, please do the following : -
Click on the Wireless tab
-Here select manual configuration...Wireless Network mode should be mixed...
-Provide a unique name in the Wireless Network Name (SSID) box in order to differentiate your network from your neighbours network...
- Set the Wireless channel to 11-2.462GHz...Wireless SSID broadcast should be Enabled and then click on Save Settings...
Please make a note of Wireless Network Name (SSID) as this is the Network Identifier...
For Wireless Security : -
Click on the Sub tab under Wireless > Wireless Security...
Change the Wireless security mode to WEP, Encryption should be 64 bits.Leave the passphrase blank, don't type in anything...
Under WEP Key 1 type in any 10 numbers please(numbers only and no letters eg: your 10 digit phone number) and click on save settings...
Please make a note of WEP Key 1 as this is the Security Key for the Wireless Network...
Click on Advanced Wireless Settings
Change the Beacon Interval to 75 >>Change the Fragmentation Threshold to 2304, Change the RTS Threshold to 2304 >>Click on "Save Settings"...
Now see if you can locate your Wireless Network and attempt to connect...
If it still keeps on switching networks disable the wireless network connection and restart the computer...Click on Start and goto the Control Panel and double click on Network Connections, right click on Wireless Network Connection and click on Enable and then goto Properties.
Now on this window, click on the second tab Wireless Network and give a check mark on "Use windows to configure my wireless" and then remove all the network names present in the Preferred Networks Window. Then click on OK...
Right click on the Wireless Network Connection again and click on View Available Wireless Networks and try to re-connect to your network...
Now it will give you the opportunity to put the network/wep key, make sure you enter the correct network key and confirm it...
It will connect...
If all the above fails then download and install the updated drivers for your Wireless Card...

"vlan dot1q tag native" end-to-end QoS switched network

Guys,
Can I use this in my switched network design, (without using 802.1q tunneling as documentation always seems to mention this vlan in a vlan scenario???)
I have native vlans and I want to act upon the 802.1p CoS field from end-to-end in my switched network. If the packet happens to be in a native vlan, I cannot do this.
ie
pc------accessswitch--------distswitch/rtr
between access and distribution, there is a dot1q trunk, and the native vlan is the vlan what the pc is in
Choices.
run this comand vlan dot1q tag native
dont have a native vlan, ie have vlan 1 (default as native) on the dot1q up to the dist
or act only upon L3 dscp
Can anyone help?
Many thx,
Ken

Hi there,
Many thx for that. This I understand and the question was really, if I wanted to use a dot1p tag in the dot1q header, but the vlan that the PC was on was the same vlan as the native vlan on the dot1q trunk, what is the best option to ensure I can action qos.
Just trust dscp on the trunks always
tag the native,
or just dont run a native vlan
I hope this makes sense. Sorry if I was a little confusing b4.
Thx
Ken

T400: Internet does not work when switching networks unless reboot?

Hi everyone,
I can't seem to establish an internet connection when I switch networks (e.g., internet at work, then at home). It gives me an error saying "limited connectivity" or failed to renew IP. This happens for both wired and wireless connections.
I tried turning off the firewall (comodo internet security) along with the windows firewall. I tried letting windows handle all my internet connections. Yet the error still happens. So I just have to simply reboot my laptop, and everything works 100%.
I never had an issue like this with other laptops. Could this possibly have something to do with some of the bundled Lenovo software? I disabled most (if not all) of them since I barely use them.
Thanks for your help. This is my 1st thinkpad, and I'm enjoying it so far.

Hi gatorman1122,
I had a similar problem with my T400. What wifi card do you have installed?
I had an Intel 5300. Networking was OK with XP Pro installed, but messed up with either Vista Ultimate 32-bit or Vista Business 64-bit installed. All were Lenovo OS images. I tried 2 different 5300s.
I only saw the problem with wifi, but basically if I changed access points or changed from wired to wireless, the first attempt to use the (new) access point would fail to get an address. An immediate reboot would cause it to succeed.
I finally got the issue escalated to a 2nd-tier tech. He sent me a 5100 to try. That fixed it. I doubt it is a hardware issue. It is most likely a Vista/Intel/Lenovo software issue/conflict. IMNSHO, ThinkPad wifi w/Vista is a mess. One of the most fundamental laptop features should work much better than this. Many folks have T-series wifi problems and Lenovo seems to be ignoring it.
Just to add to the excitement, I told a friend buying two new T400s to order 5100s to avoid the problem. He did, and got the machines with XP installed. They both exhibited the same bad behavior Once he updated XP and all the Lenovo stuff, they started to work OK and have stayed OK. Grrrr.....
Z.
The large print: please read the Community Participation Rules before posting. Include as much information as possible: model, machine type, operating system, and a descriptive subject line. Do not include personal information: serial number, telephone number, email address, etc. The fine print: I do not work for, nor do I speak for Lenovo. Unsolicited private messages will be ignored. ... GeezBlog
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How to know the topology of my switched network?

Hi,
Our switched network has approximatley 90 switches and i've been assingned the task to draw the topology.
I've been told the below information:
1. All are cisco switches itslef.
2. I've been provided with ROOT credentials
3. They told that each switch is connected to two other switches other than the ROOT switch.
4. The main problem is i shouldn't enter into the datacentre ...rather sitting at my desk i need to prepare it and i've been provided with one day time.
I know that CDP helps but logging into 90 switches is a bit tedius process. So i there any command to get the topolgoy?
Can some please help me with this ?
Regards,
Chandu

Just dig in and start doing it. 1-2 days of solid work and you'll be done.
Start at the core and proceed to each connected switch. Repeat until you've covered them all.
The key commands I'd use are:
show cdp nei
show cdp nei det | i address
show ip int br | ex una
Also separately save copies of the configs for later review.
term len 0
show run
All of the above while logging your sessions to file.

NDIS driver for LAN switch

Hi everybody,
we have an i.MX6 processor connected via RMII (ENET) to an LAN switch (KSZ8873MLL) having two PHY ports available.
I am using as basis the NDIS driver included in the Adeneo' WEC2013 BSP for i.MX6. The driver is implemented to be used with only one physical transceiver. In that sense, adjusting the PHY address in the driver I can work with one and only one
port currently. Both are working, but exclusively.
I am a little confused about the steps that I have to do to convert the driver to allow handling two (or more) PHY ports simultaneously.
I hope that someone may give me some hints and advice to achieve that.
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
Alexander

Hi,
thanks for your reply.
When the driver starts, it iterates different PHY addresses (0...32) until it gets responds via MDIO bus from any PHY device.
When it finds the first PHY (in my case, the first address PHY is one), it uses that PHY address to access the standard MII registers to check status, autonegotiation, speed, capabilities an so on. Since the routine stops when it finds the first PHY,
it does not configure/initialize the second PHY port (address two).
After that, all the media status changes are obtained using the PHY address one. That is the reason, I don't get any notification whe I plug/unplug the Ethernet cable in the second port.
In the past, I while ago, I used another device having a switch and as far as I remember I have to do nothing in the driver to get it working, and I think that is what you are trying to tell me. Actually in the KSZ8873MLL's datasheet it states that
it operates in store and forward mode...
Thanks.
Alex

Ms exchange activesync problem when switching networks

i've noticed that when i switch networks (i.e. go from ny to sf), i land and set my phone from airplane mode to active, my iphone does not sync with my company's exchange server. it gives me a connection error. i then have to do a reset of the phone and it works fine.
this also occurs when i switch from 3G to edge and vice versa. i have to do a hard reset of the phone in order to get mail to work again. this doesn't occur with my gmail account, just my MS Exchange activesync.
anyone else notice this?

by the way, i'm running 2.0.1 firmware and this was not a problem with 2.0 firmware.

ADF Mobile : Switching Networks

JDeveloper 11.1.2.4.0
ADF Mobile extension: 11.1.2.4.39.64.44
Hello,
I've noticed in my ADF Mobile app that if the phone switches networks, (say from WiFi to 3G), my web service calls work and return data ok, but a message pops up with:
"Cannot connect to <host> on port <port>:java.net.ConnectionException:Connection refused."
I'm guessing this has something to do with the IP address of my phone changing when it switches networks? Anyone seen this before? Any help would be much appreciated.
Cheers, Rich.

What is the <host> in the message? Is it 127.0.0.1?
Use 10.0.2.2 instead.
Using the Emulator | Android Developers

UCCX 8.0 switching network deployment from LAN to WAN

I have a UCCX 8.0.2 HA setup that was installed in a LAN enviroment. I now need to change that to a WAN setup. A good documnet would be great. Thanks.

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For information about HA Deployment over WAN, see these sections of the 8.0.1 Installation Guide PDF:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/cust_contact/contact_center/crs/express_8_0/installation/guide/uccx801ig.pdf:
"Important Considerations" on page 10
"Performing Initial Setup for the Second Node" on page 72http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/cust_contact/contact_center/crs/express_8_0/installation/guide/uccx801ig.pdf
This related information might also be useful:
WAN/LAN Restrictions
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/cust_contact/contact_center/crs/express_8_0/configuration/guide/uccx801ag.pdf
Expected Behaviour During a Failover
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/cust_contact/contact_center/crs/express_8_0/reference/guide/uccx80_eb_failover.pdf
Please let us know if these docs provide the information you need.
Linda

How can I avoid Thunderbird timeouts when switching network connections?

I'm using Thunderbird 24.4.0 but this problem goes back many releases.
This problem happens when I switch from an external WiFi network to my company's internal LAN (ethernet).
I'm connected to the company's email server via WiFi from home and can get and receive email no problem. I then turn off the WiFi, put the laptop to sleep, take it to work, wake it up, and plug in the Ethernet cable. I click on Get Mail and in the status bar at the bottom it says "Connecting to [servername] ..." and stays that way until I get a notification that Thunderbird timed out. I click on Get Mail again and this time it says "Connected to [servername] ..." and it gets my email. (It may have briefly said "Connecting to" prior to "Connected to" but I think I've only seen that once.)
Why does it never work the first time but has to timeout before it will successfully connect, and what can I do to get it to connect without having to go through a timeout cycle?
Thanks,
--Steve

Networking is an area of some frustration. Recently, some bug reports are seeing progress. The place to be to test these fixes is in development builds
Note yet fixed:
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=939318
NetworkLinkService should be enabled so Necko can respond to network changes (not offline auto-detection)
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=972262
DNS cache is not flushed/re-initialized when toggling offline/online
fixed in tb30:
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=981513
dns cache grace period error busting too aggressive
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=981447
dns cache too sticky!
fixed in tb30

Trace a Host in switched network

Hi
I have network consisting of l3-3550 and 2950 series switches.
I have 10 to 12 vlans, all the server and firewall are on default vlan 1 and all desktop in different vlan.
I have problem on firewall, It syslogs is showing lot of packet coming to it from the lan with PUBLIC IP address seems some inffected desktop.
I would like to trace this deskstop or server which is sending this packet.
I have tried using vaious sniffer and ethereal. But all packet except packet going to firewall is visble. I had connected the sniffer in same vlan as the firewall and even tried on same switch
How do i go about, pls help
regds
Ramp

Ramp,
You can use 2 methodsto accomplish this.
You can use a L2 traceroute feature but I am afraid that all you switches doesnot support that.
Another way is by checking the Host MAC-address in the sniffer tool to see which mac is behaving abnormally. Ping the host and check the MAC-addess table on the switch and see from where the MAC-was learned on the switch. Use CDP to find out the neighbor switch's IP and login into that and keep on checking the mac-address table to locate that. You need to check the MAC-address table of each switch untill you find that MAC.
HTH,
-amit singh

LAN switched network

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