NDP - Solicited node multicast group

Hello everyone,
I can`t understand the process of layer3 to layer2 address resolution in IPv6.
In order to make a Layer-2 (eg. Ethernet) delivery, it needs to know the target host's hardware address (eg. "Ethernet MAC address"). But in order to do this, it must first determine which hardware address to send it to. To do this, an IPv6 host will construct the Solicited-node Multicast Address related to the target address.
The IPv6 solicited-node multicast address has the prefix FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF00:0000/104 concatenated with the 24 low-order bits of a corresponding IPv6 address.
For the target with address
fe80::2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a
solicated node multicast address would become
ff02::1:ff28:9c5a.
1- For example when a host has two unicast address 2001::AB:CDEA and link local fe80:2aa:ff:fe28:9c5a on its interface, does it join the associated solicited-node multicast group for every address to which it is assigned or only for link local adress?.
2- If only for link local address, how will the source device know the link local address of target to borrow last 24 bit? Can I use global address for target address while layer3 to layer2 address resolution?
3- Does all ND functions use link local address? Must a node know all neighbours link local address? If yes, what mechanism are needed to learn link local address of neighbours.
All replies will be appreciated.
Thanks
Gokmen...

Hi,
1) a node always joins the sollicited-node multicast for every IPv6 address it has configured on the ethernet interface including the link-local.
2) this destination multicast address is used for neighbour sollicitation( equivalent of ARP in IPv4) and DAD( duplicate address detection) which is the equivalent of Gratuitous ARP request in IPv4.
So when you want to communicate with a destination IPv6 address it must first do a NS to find out the L2 address and it will send it to the sollicited-node multicast corresponding to the IPv6 destination address
when the node is configured with an IPv6 address it will verify if it is unique by sending a NS to its sollicited-node multicast and if it receives a reply it considers the address is not unique.
3) no it must know how to send to link-local if it wants to communicate with link-local only
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2461.txt
Regards.
Alain

Similar Messages

Routed access design to support up to 2500 multicast groups

Hi all,
I'm doing routed access design with following:
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- 3 layers with: Core/Distribution/Access design.
- Core: Catalyst 6500E Sup 2T.
- Distribution: ME 3800X / Catalyst 4500X.
- Access: ME 3400E.
We enable PIM from Core to Access layer.
At the moment, there are around 1000 multicast group in the network.
Cisco hardware limitation of multicast:
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- Cisco Catalyst 6500E Sup 2T support up to 128K multicast routes.
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Design the network to support up to 2500 multicast groups.
So, are there any fine-tune in the design to meet above requirement?
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Thanks,

hi there
replacing the hardware is one option
but the question here why are you going with routed access layer and in your case you have large Mcast routing table that going to be everywhere !!
have you considered using Cat65k or 45K in the distribution in VSS and use L2 from access to distribution
in this case you need to concern about the distribution routing table size and also VSS simplify the topology and managerially of the network rather than have it with a complicated routing design
routed access is a good and recommend as well for quicker convergence time and no reliance on STP or HSRP/VRRP timers
however it could comlicate the routing design !
while VSS will also eliminate the reliance on HSRP/VRRP and STP with more added simplicity to the topology and design
so you may go with 45K VSS in the distribution and 65K with VSS in the core as well and in the access using L2 uplinks to the distribution and the uplinks everywhere can use multi-chassis etherchannel MEC, for increased network capacity in terms of bandwidth and quicker convergence time in the case of a link failure as well, Plus you will be able to support the desired Mcast routing table in the distribution and Core !!
hope this help

SNMP query for multicast group count

I want to get the total number of multicast groups on a switch. Is there an oid that will give me the info (ie. the number that's given by "show ip igmp snooping groups count")? If there is no oid, is there a way query the groups (show ip igmp snooping groups)? I'm thinking with the 2nd option I might be able to count the number of entries returned by an snmpwalk or something and turn that into a number.
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Works just fine!!!
Thanks!
LA$$E
Hi,
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Maximum number of multicast groups on a given port?

Using linux (Ubuntu 8.4 with jdk 1.6.10 and 1.5.12) if I try to join more than 20 groups to a MulticastSocket open on a given port I get the following exception:
FINE 14:45:45.883:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.0.1.118
FINE 14:45:45.883:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.12.1.113
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FINE 14:45:45.884:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.0.0.42
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FINE 14:45:45.885:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.125.246.43
FINE 14:45:45.885:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.125.246.75
FINE 14:45:45.885:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.12.1.120
FINE 14:45:45.885:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.215.246.45
FINE 14:45:45.886:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.12.0.43
FINE 14:45:45.886:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.125.246.20
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FINE 14:45:45.887:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.12.1.118
FINE 14:45:45.887:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.115.246.42
FINE 14:45:45.887:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.115.246.20
FINE 14:45:45.888:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /233.215.246.47
FINE 14:45:45.888:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.12.1.112
FINE 14:45:45.888:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.1.0.43
FINE 14:45:45.888:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.1.1.118
FINE 14:45:45.889:net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind 10: Adding Mcast Group: /226.1.0.75
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java.net.SocketException: No buffer space available
java.net.PlainDatagramSocketImpl.join(Native Method)
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net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastSocketListener.bind(MulticastSocketListener.java:143)
net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastProtocolManager.createListener(MulticastProtocolManager.java:154)
net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastProtocolManager.<init>(MulticastProtocolManager.java:100)
net.c4i.socketcomms.MulticastProtocolManager.getInstance(MulticastProtocolManager.java:67)
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
net.c4i.socketcomms.SocketManager.createProtocol(SocketManager.java:245)
net.c4i.socketcomms.SocketManager.<init>(SocketManager.java:157)
net.c4i.socketcomms.SocketManager.getInstance(SocketManager.java:116)
net.c4i.infrastructure.C4IAdapterManager.<init>(C4IAdapterManager.java:172)
net.c4i.infrastructure.C4IAdapterManager.getInstance(C4IAdapterManager.java:263)
net.c4i.infrastructure.C4IAdapterManager.launch(C4IAdapterManager.java:492)
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
Is there any known way to workaround this issue? I've searched but have not seen any similar issues. I also cannot reduce the number of multicast groups in use as I have no control of that.
Noah

Is there any known way to workaround this issue?It may be a tunable kernel parameter, and you may be able to tweak it somehow, but that would be a Linux question, not a Java question.
I also cannot reduce the number of multicast groups in use as I have no control of that.You may not have any choice. If the kernel will only give you 20, bad luck.

Join multicast group on AIR DatagramSocket ?

Hello Adobe experts,
I'm currently testing Flex/AIR for a new software that we have to design to display data received from the network and I'm very excited about all possibilities Flash offers in terms of UI and how easy it is to quickly develop a nice-looking, portable application, compared to other technologies (like Java, though richer in terms of API but harder to write code reusable for desktop, Internet and mobile apps, and not so good looking ).
The application itself gets data from a multicast group and formats it on the screen (images, graphs, ...).
So I'm really willing to use Flash to build this app and after a few benchmarking/prototyping I'm using a DatagramSocket (AIR-only, that's fine) to read UDP datagrams and it's working fine except for two tiny things on which I couldn't find any answer:
I can't have the socket join a multicast group
I can't set the send/receive buffer size for the socket
I have a lot of code in C and Java for that and both are just a single call to "setsockopt" function:
In C:
setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &group, sizeof(struct ip_mreq)) - where "group" describe the multicast group to join
setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sz, sizeof(sz)) - where "sz" is the number of byte to use for the receive buffer
In Java it's even simpler, using a MulticastSocket:
sock.joinGroup(group)
sock.setReceiveBufferSize(sz)
I tried to use Alchemy to write simple functions to create an UDP socket and have it join a multicast group but alas, the "socket" call returns -1, as it seems that sockets cannot be created in Alchemy environment (though compilation works without problem...).
I find it hard to believe that I'm the only one needing these two tiny "setsockopt" calls... I found on Adobe forums people trying to set the TCP_NODELAY option on a socket (also using setsockopt in the end) but without success...
By the way, the data come from an electronic board and is somehow coded in VHDL so I can't use RTMFP on that, though it seems to implement the functionnalities I need (or at least the multicast group part, the receive buffer size would be a bonus).
Well, I'm rather disapointed by this as Flash fills remarkably 99.9% of the application needs but this tiny 0.1% makes it impossible for it to get the data, thus making it useless...
And we don't want that I turn to Silverlight, do we?
Thank you all for any help and answers on this topic!
Matthieu

Thanks, that's what I was planning to do but in C or Java (everyone has its favorites right? ): use another program as a kind of "proxy" to redirect the multicast streams to local unicast AIR sockets...
But I'd rather have a nice API modification from Adobe on that matter. This kind of proxy is clearly "hacking" your way out of an API miss. You also have to make sure that your "proxy" is running on the local machine.
It's not as if multicast was a new technology or something nobody uses... It's standard and it's simple when you can already handle UDP sockets so I don't know why they don't want to implement these 10 lines of code...
Anyway, thank you for your answer, I'll stick to something similar (but I'll do Java ).
Matthieu

RTPManager: problem joining multicast group

We've written an application that sends and receives audio and video streams over RTP to a multicast group. If two of these applications are both running on the LAN, it works fine (our router is multicast-enabled). If one application (A) is running on the LAN, and another (B) is running remote and connected to the LAN via VPN, then A receives B's audio and video, but B sometimes doesn't receive A's audio and video. If another application (C) is added on the LAN, C behaves just like A - C receives audio and video from both A and B, but B still doesn't see either A or C.
On some occasions, rebooting B and re-establishing the VPN connection fixes the problem, and on other occasions, this doesn't change the behavior at all.
Using Ethereal, we've confirmed that B doesn't receive any of the traffic from the multicast group, even though its successfully sending traffic to that group. Further research revealed that, on B, the IGMP join requests were being sent to B's normal network interface, and NOT to the VPN network interface. However, all the RTP and RTCP traffic was being sent to the VPN network interface.
Does anyone know how to control (or at least affect) which network interface is used by RTPManager when joining the multicast group? I'm not sure if this problem is a result of RTPManager, of the NIC driver, or something else. I think one option is to write an RTPConnector implementation that handles all the transmission and reception manually, but I hope there's a better, easier option. Thanks for any help.

Hi Eric,
I am doing exactly the same thing. I have the video running fine, and I am relying on VPN connection for remote monitoring of the video. My setup is a little more complicated - I am running a setup/start/stop/teardown session manager (like rtsp) and also a keep alive listener (like rtcp) for each user.
I have one little annoyance which is stoppping me from testing this over the VPN, on my remote machiens I get a startup error:
11:40:13.4 request = control_start
11:40:15.1 Video transmitted as:
11:40:15.1   JPEG/RTP, 320x240, FrameRate=15.0
Failed to realize: com.sun.media.ProcessEngine@7cbde6
Cannot build a flow graph with the customized options:
    Unable to transcode format: RGB, 320x240, FrameRate=15.0, Length=230400, 24-
bit, Masks=3:2:1, PixelStride=3, LineStride=960, Flipped
      to: JPEG/RTP, 320x240, FrameRate=15.0
      outputting to: RAW/RTP
Error: Unable to realize com.sun.media.ProcessEngine@7cbde6
11:40:16.1 response = 500I have run a debug on the two networks, the multicast runs fine on my machine, and the processor is realized, and the cameras have identical traces looping over the supported formats. Is this purely a format issue or could this be a router not configured for multicast?
Do you (or anyone!) have an idea about this? The program works on my setup of camera etc, and on a clone machine, with diff cameras (but the same if you know what I mean) it fails...
I'll let you know if I solve the VPN problem (after I fix this) I watched this topic.

Multicast group 224.0.1.40 !

I came by in a forum and this question really attracted me, my topology is completely based on dense mode, then why the routers join this group by default, if they dont will the topology will ever run into any problem if in future sparse mode is configured ?

Hi,
AFAIK the 224.0.1.40 is a reserved multicast group for cisco's Rp descovery. All cisco routers are members of this grup by default and listen to this group for Cisco RP discovery messages advertised by mapping agent even if it is not configured.I dont think there would be any problems if you change your topology to Sparse mode. But you should take in to account all the pros and cons.
HTH,
regards,
Shri :)

Multicast group capacity

We are using 3560 and 3750 PoE switches in a network which
interconnects a lot of clients (WIN XP professional) using a proprietary VoIP software
solution.
This Software uses Multicast groups for communication and now we are
running into the limitation of 1000 multicast groups supported by these
switches.
Does anybody know if there is any possibility to extend the maximum
number of Multicast groups on the 3560 and 3750 Cisco switches? IOS
update? Memory extension?
Thanks in advance

Hi,
Currently, we support only 1024 multicast routes+IGMP groups.
To extend the maximum number, we need code changes.
At the moment, no code changes planned.
Tom.

Can iAS multicast group cross clusters & machines

Say I have 2 clusters C1 & C2 deployed on different machines. Each cluster has 2 iAS instances. All components have Sticky flag.
Now I have 2 web servers iWS1 & iWS2 (on separate machines too).
A load balancer distributes requests between web servers using server affinity rule.
I would like the following to happen and am not sure of the settings that must be made
1) User1 comes through iWS1 and sets up a session on C1.
2) Subsequent requests from user1 will follow the same path because of server affinity at LoadBalance level and stickiness at web connector level.
3) If iWS1 is brought down, Load balancer would be forced to send User1 requests to iWS2. I would like iWS2 to start forwarding user1 requests to C1.
Also, it would be great if in some way, iWS2 could send any new users without existing session to C2 only. This would allow me to bleed users of C1 to perform an upgrade.
Thanks
GN

If C1 and C2 share the same ldap, then both the webservers will be able to forward requests to both the clusters (provided the application is deployed on all the servers). This is one solution to the problem.
Another solution, which is probably a hack is that you manually put the IP address of all the servers under the GUID of the application to be distributed.
This will allow the webserver to forward requests to any of the servers in C1 and C2.
In fact this method can be used to load balance even across clusters/multicast groups.
Make sure you make the load balancing option as web connector driven.
Note that the Multicast group doesn't come into picture while load balancing. You might see a number of iAS servers registered under \\6.5\GMS, but the webconnector doesn't forward requests to them unless they are also registered under the application GUID.
If you want that W2(webserver of C2) should forward requests to C1 only if W1 is down, then I don't know how to do that.
Also I don't know how to make sure that W2 should forward requests from all the new users only to C2 in that case.
-harjit

Slm2005 not leaving multicast group

Hi,
I have this SML2005 smart switch I try to use surf over some video multicast group. I have 2 video sources streaming on different multicast addresses, and 1 video receiver with a single channel. All are connected directly to the switch.
When I toggle between both sources on the receiver end, I clearly see the igmp group leave for the address of the previous channel and the igmp report for the new address on the latest channel. This is observed while setting a port of the switch in mirror and capturing the ethernet traffic. So far so good.
What I observe is the the switch continues to send the stream of the previous channel to the receiver, even though there was an explicit igmp group leave.
The switch is configured as follow:
global:
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vlan 1:
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-Enable IGMP Querying: on
I expected some latency leave, but I let this run for 20minutes with the unwanted stream continuously being sent to the receiver.
What this causes is when both stream are present, the port of the receiver may exceed the allowed bandwidth and some packets are dropped.
Any help would be appreciated.
--Martin

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All objects property node and grouped objects

Hi
I am trying to position a the objects on my GUI in the centre of the screen using property nodes. However, I do not want to have to have a property node for every decoration, image and control. Is there a way that I can group all the objects and then use a property node to position them? I have tried using the all objects property node but none of the indexes seems to apply to my group of objects.
Help please!
Many thanks.
John
p.s. i have uploaded my test vi's. The chart, decoration and exit button have been grouped. use the control on check.vi to set the object to move.
Solved!
Go to Solution.
Attachments:
check.vi ‏13 KB
run.vi ‏13 KB

Tab pages are a nice way to group GUI objects.
Instead of using a decoration,
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Hide the tab
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I hope that helps,
Ben
Ben Rayner
I am currently active on.. MainStream Preppers
Rayner's Ridge is under construction

Bex Analyzer 7.0, Filter on Hierarchy Node (Text Group)

Hi gurus,
I would be glad if anyone of you could help me with this issue.
I made an application with Bex Analyzer 7.0 which does following -> create certain combinations and copy it directly into PowerPoint as a picture. This works great, I can send you the code if you want to. I could even create a blog or wiki ...
My issue appears when I try to copy a value for hierarchy node into Filter in Bex. It is possible to write into Filter some value and the system sets a filter with this value, there is no doubt about it. But I wanted to filter on a whole hierarchy node. I'm not able to do this by copying the value into the line. With the context menu no problem.
Example 1:(works fine)
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Thank you
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As promissed, here is the code with which we export graphics into powerpoint.
BEx Analyzer 7.0
Following scenario -> user defines combinations in the list, what should be exported (area "D39:D142") Macro copies selections into filter area (D22).
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    Dim chtTemp As ChartObject
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    Dim blnCopy As Boolean
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    Dim f As Integer
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If Cells(i, 4) = "" Then Exit Sub
If Len(Cells(i, 4).Value) < 1 Then Exit Sub
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        blnCopy = False
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                blnCopy = False
                If objShape.Type = msoGroup Then
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                    For Each objGShape In objShape.GroupItems
                        If objGShape.Type = msoChart Then
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                        End If
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                If objShape.Type = msoChart Then blnCopy = True
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'                  blnCopy = True
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                    shtTemp.Name = "GraphPreis" And (Cells(i, 8).Value = "x" Or Cells(i, 6).Value = "x") Or _
                    shtTemp.Name = "GraphUmsatz" And (Cells(i, 8).Value = "x" Or Cells(i, 7).Value = "x") Then
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                     shtTemp.UsedRange.CopyPicture 'kopiert die ganze Seite
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               ' objPPT.ActiveWindow.View.Paste
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        Else
        ' nichts kopieren
           ' intSlide = intSlide + 1
           ' shtTemp.CopyPicture
             ' new slide for each chart
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           ' objPPT.ActiveWindow.View.Paste
        End If
    Next
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     i = i + 1
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    Set objPrs = Nothing
    Set objPPT = Nothing
End Sub

Multicast Group Questions

If I have 10 multicast streams going to flash media server how should I configure Group name and stream names ? Each stream will be watched by a different set of people but pushed to same FMS . Should giving each stream a seperate name and seperate stream name will be fine ?
Thanks

It depends on how do you want to implement. You can have different streams under one NetGroup or you can create one NetGroup for one set of people.

Dual network interface when joining multicast group

Hello,
I've have a machine with two networks interfaces, eth0 and eth1. The route table is configured to send all the multicast traffic through eth1.
This is
route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth1
I have the following code that joins to a multicast address to listen incoming messages in my Java application
InetAddress group = InetAddress.getByName(multiCastAddress);
socket = new MulticastSocket(Integer.parseInt(multiCastPort));
socket.joinGroup(group);
The result is that the application can not see the multicast traffic since the joinGroup operation is always done on eth0, guess because JVM selects the first one available.
If I change the route entry to use eth0 for all the multicast traffic, the same code works perfectly, and from my Java application I can see the multicast traffic.
This is
route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0
Is there any way to force to join a specific network interface?
Thanks

The answer is staring you in the face in the Javadoc:
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/net/MulticastSocket.html#joinGroup(java.net.SocketAddress,%20java.net.NetworkInterface)
That bug report only concerns setNetworkInterface(), which the OP isn't using, on Linux and IPv6, and it's dated 2002.

Invoke nodes for groups, should be simple!

Hiya,
I'm new to invoke nodes as of today and I need to reinit to default a large group of objects at the end of my VI. I don't want to set different invoke nodes for each one. Can I apply a refnum to a group of objects and how would I do so?
Cheers
Solved!
Go to Solution.

In addition to Lynn's suggestion, there are some programatical ways to obtain an array of references, such as Controls[] for the VI FrontPanel or a cluster.
Felix
www.aescusoft.de
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