Particles question

Hey all, this is a really easy question: When I making particles with any effect like CC Particle World or Particle Playground etc it puts it on a black background when I apply the effect to the layer I want the particles on. If I apply the effect to an adjustment layer and change the blend mode of that adjustment layer to screen it still doesn't work! What's the proper way to apply these sorts of effects without having to render and use the color key to get rid of the black?
Thanks alot!!!
Brad

Apply the effect to a solid layer above your footage, rather than the footage you want the particles to appear on. The plugins generate their own alpha channels, so Unmult is not required.
You can't use an adjustment layer for the effect because the subsequent alpha channel makes underlying layers transparent.
You might find you'll have a clearer idea of what's going on if you switch the viewer to checkerboard transparency rather than background colour.
But for reference, Unmult is downloadable here:
http://www.redgiantsoftware.com/unmult.html

Similar Messages

Color balance for particles question.

I made a ring using particular and I want to change the color. It's multiple copies with fast blurs applied to them to give
the glow and it's all pre-composed. Now all I want is to change the color as a whole but curves doesn't seem to work on it.
Not even color balance. Is it something with the settings? And I've gotten feedback saying those aren't the best ways to
color correct, like using color balance, but who cares, why isn't it working? I watch tutorials and they use it just fine with their particular layers.
Please and Thank you.
Best,
Kenny

Hey, thanks again for the help, it means a lot. I wanted to tell you something related to this topic, and why my particles weren't coloring when I would use curves and such when I clearly saw it done in a tutorial. Turns out it was non of the complications you described (though I am using your suggestion thank to you), the problem was just a simple layer I didnt add. When they would use color balance, they would apply a "Black Solid Background layer" at the bottom, then an adjustment layer with color balance on it, then it would work. I didn't have a black ground at the bottom therefore color balance didnt work when I used it with the adjustment layer. What does the Black BG layer at the bottom do to allow adjustment layers with color balance or other color effects to work and color the particles? The picture here is the method I just described, Black Solid at the bottom, multiple adjustment layers with fast blur for the glow, and one for the color balance. However without the Black Solid at the bottom, the color correction doesn't work.

Particle question!

I'm working on a project where i've created a load of particles (about 30 floating mobile phones) using 3D space, Box mode random tiled with no Speed, 10 seconds life, and the random movement behaviour attached. Now i want to emit another load of particles (little phone call icons) from EACH of the first set of particles from their current positions, but i've got no way of knowing where they are in 3D space. Anybody got any thoughts? I'm finding myself reaching for Trapcode Particular in After Effects as it has an Aux particle system, but you can't use custom particles with the Aux system. Grr..

could you build the particle emitter for the little phone icons. Put that in a folder with a large phione icon on top of it so it looks like it is emitting the smaller icons. < </div>
Cool suggestion. I am in awe of your guys who can think in Motion's paradigm.
In After Effects, without any Trapcode products, I'd have done something similar but the sub-particles would have been created with Foam using a movie source (little icons in different colors-sizes-orientations) and selecting random frames from the movie for each new particle.
bogiesan

Need Exam 1z1-102 dump

Hi All,
i want to prepare for the Oracle Certified Associate: Oracle WebLogic Server 11g certification exam. kindly advices me where i can get dump/particles question for this.
also advice me which is best book for the Weblogic System Administrator.
Thanks in Advance
Sreenivas

In India , students often refer Training Materials and even Books as "dumps" . Well IMHO it is about time it changed.
Totally unprofessional and the incorrect mindset for the student that has to be unlearned.
And makes them total fodder for the braindump sellers and help legitimize braindumps.
Perhaps it is due for peer pressure to keep using the term dumps.
Makes the whole of India look bad IMHO.
They just don't mean it.When Caught. To be caught is dishonourable. ( I am being unfair to a large part of India in these statement .... however unfortunately there is a sizeable group of students, ex-students and tutors to which it is not unfair).
.... And far too many (and a large proportion of those from India I suspect ) have used the term DUMP as a cover for BRAINDUMP in this forum.
.... And pretend they are clever when they have got away with it.
.... And pain the administrators and moderators by censoring and quarentining such posts!
Which is why I personally take no lieniency with the term whatsover in it this context.
Given the earlier post my reading is hat the certification forum moderators' viewpoint it is the same. Perhaps your post will wind her up (make her a little vexed).
Honestly ....I gets worried when someone says honestly or to tell the truth
.....Its not the the reference to ISBN-13: 978-0071774253 is bad .... in fact my understanding is it is quite a good book (through a quick glance through and a comment by an experienced Weblogic Admin after he took a dip).
If original poster had confirmed they did not wish to use braindumps, which they did not, They would have received that reference from me (and possibly one other recent book too, though that is IMHO a poorer book).
Overall IMHO not tolerating the use of term dump is this forum is having a beneficial effect. And IMHO at least some feedback is getting back it is not considered acceptable.
Edited by: bigdelboy on 07-Nov-2011 13:41 Corrected lieniency to no lieniency

Quick dumb question - Pre-running CC Particle World?

In Particular, you can pre-run your simulation so particles are born before time 00:00. Is there a way to do this in Particle World? I seem to be missing it.

Pre-Comp the CC Particle World layer, then nudge it in time?
Of course, you loose the "camera awareness". You could have it by linking a camera inside the Pre-Comp with the main camera outside.
I am not aware of a built-in method.

Question regarding Particle Playground.

I'm trying to use particle playground to turn a logo into particle and when I did the logo's alignment is off.
This only happens when I precomp the layer and then apply the effect. It is properly aligned when I apply
on the layer directly. What is the problem? Is there a way I can apply the effect on the Pre Comp layer without the alignment
going off?
Please advice. Thanks

There are actually a few particle effect plug-ins included with After Effects. See this page for a list.
There are a lot of great particle plug-ins for After Effects. Trapcode Particular is very popular, full-featured, and well supported with tutorials and such. If the plug-ins that ship with After Effects don't do what you need, then Particular would be a good thing to check out.

Error message while updating Motion. 5.0.2: The file "InkBleed03.mov" couldn't be saved in the folder "Particle Images.localized".

While trying to update Motion 5.0.2 I continuously reviece this follwoing error message.
The file “InkBleed03.mov” couldn’t be saved in the folder “Particle Images.localized”.
Motion will not allow me to update.
Running Mac OS X Version 10.7.2 Lion on a MacBook Pro
Processor 2.8 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo
Any ideas?

Hi Frank,
Thanks.
My HD is a "normal" HD, so I guess it's HFS+. (According to Disk Utility it is Mac OS Extended (Journaled).
The NAS is WD MyBook Live Duo. I just plugged into my Time Machine.
I am relocating using Aperture "relocate originals for project" under the File tab.
Ahh, thanks for the answer to question 1.
Yes, I am trying to relocate them, but tried different things to find the problem.
And the problem seems to be that when an image gets an extra attribute (when it's downloaded from the internet, when it is comes from a mail message) then Aperture seems not to be able to move the file.
I.e. Aperture presumeably asks the Finder or kernel to perform this task, and this then fails because of the extra attirbutes that were set.
I now found a way of manually removing the extra attributes, but that is a pain.
Think of this normal workflow:
- someone sends me an email containing images
- I move the images to my Desktop
- I then import the images into Aperture
- I then decide to relocate my images for that project to my NAS
Then is when this problem occurs.
So I just tried to relocate to another place on my HD.
That works fine.
I looked again at the error message.
And it says "could not set attributes com.apple.metadata:kMDItemDownloadedDate on destination file descriptor" .
So, yes, it seems like it has to do with the NAS not supporting setting the extra attributes.
And as long as there are no extra attributes on an image, there is no problem.
(Not completely true, but I have another thread about that)
Thanks Frank, I have to digest this a bit.
Regards
Jan

Problem with fading out particles in cs5

I have a problem with fading out particles or anything for that matter in my CS5 after effects! I set up the key frames right. O opacity at first and whatever number at next and it fades in fine, But when I try to do the reverse it will not fade out and only stops the effect if I cut its durration at the red par representing it on the top of the time line. This produces and rough aburpt cut of the effect which will not due. Please can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong that I can't fade out particles with opacity?

First question: What OS and what's the build of CS5.5?
Second question: What effect are you using? There are a bunch of ways to generate particles.
Last question: if you turn off the effect can you get the layer to fade out? Pressing Alt/Option + t will set a keyframe for opacity on your layer and reveal the keyframe in the time line. Do that, set the value to 0, then move down the timeline a few frames and set the value to 100. This should generate another keyframe. Now move down a few more frames and press Alt/Option + t or change the value for opacity to anything and then back to 100, or copy the previous keyframe and paste to set a 3rd keyframe. Finally move down a few more frames and set the value to 0. You should have 4 keyframes in your tlimeline for opacity. If you want to clean up the layer press Alt/Option + ] to set the out point for the layer.
Everything should work just fine. Turn on the effect and your layer and the effect should fade out.
If you want to do something else with the particles, like fade out a particle over the lifetime of the particle we'll need to know which plug-in you're using.

2 Quick Question

Hello - I'm pretty new to Motion and have 2 quick questions:
1) If you've got a bunch of keyframes on a timeline and want to make the entire sequence longer - is there a way to just pull the last frame out and have it automatically interpolate the keyframes in between so that it keeps the same timing and everything... it just makes the whole sequence take longer?
2) On the same timeline with a bunch of keyframes, can you apply one long Interpolation (ala "Ease Out") to the entire thing from A-Z so that the whole sequence eases out rather than just keyframe to keyframe?
Thanks!!
Jason

Heya,
1. If you're asking if you have something like the "roving" keyframes in AE...well, kinda. Keyframes on footage, shapes, generators, particles, replicators—objects that create an image—don't seem to scale. But keyframes on secondary objects like behaviors and filters do scale.
2. Very easy: go into the Keyframe Editor and click on the animation state icon/menu for the parameter you want to change. The icon/menu is the last column after the parameter's value in the left-hand side of the Keyframe Editor. If you pick an interpolation type in that menu, it applies it to all keyframes in that particular curve. It's also the same place where you can set the before/after extrapolation, like ping-pong, progressive, etc.

New Computer Questions

Hi
I have two clients who are asking me to upgrade my computer. The type of work I do is slightly different from most people, in that I do content for video projection. Almost everything I do uses a non-standard resolution. For example the current project is 1920x3240. Currently the slowest part of the workflow is previewing and rendering. Typically the final rendering is a photo sequence of some type and encoding is done on the media server and is not part of my workflow. I used limited amounts of video footage, with most of the content created in Cinema 4D and After Effects. I use a fair amount of 3rd party effects like trapcode with high particle counts. Content is almost always broken down into small segments that are then played back through the media server, because of this, the amount of video used is pretty small.
One of my clients is willing to split the cost of a new system, so I'm willing to spend more than I normally would.
Based on reading this and other forums's here is what I'm looking at:
Case
Fractal Design Define ATX Full Tower Computer Case                                          $129.99
CORSAIR AX1200i 1200W Digital ATX12V v2.31                                                  $329.99
Noctua NH-D14 SE2011 140mm and 120mm SSO CPU Cooler                          $89.99
Fractal Design Silent Series R2 FD-FAN-SSR2-140 140mm 140mm Fan          $17.99
System
ASUS P9X79-E WS                                                                                                                                    $499.99
Intel Core i7-3930K Sandy Bridge-E 3.2GHz (3.8GHz Turbo) LGA 2011 130W Six-Core                 $560.99
G.SKILL Ripjaws Z Series 64GB (8 x 8GB) 240-Pin DDR3 SDRAM DDR3 2133 (PC3 17000)     $679.99
EVGA GeForce GTX 680 FTW+ w/Backplate 4GB 256-bit GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16               $539.00
Drives
areca ARC-1882I-MS PCI-Express 2.0 x8 Low Profile SATA / SAS RAID Controller Card                  $640.00
Western Digital WD WD5003AZEX 500GB 7200 RPM 64MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" (Qnty 4)   $299.99
Corsair Force Series GT CSSD-F240GBGT-BK 2.5" 240GB SATA III MLC - (Qnty 2)                         $479.00
areca CB-R87SA-75M Right Angle SFF-8087 MiniSAS to 4 SATA Breakout                                        $39.98
From a drive setup I would do the following:
SSD - Boot
SSD - Cache
HD Raid - Content
HD Raid - Content
I have an external raid that has backup data.
I have a number of questions regarding the system.
    Does the GTX 680 make sense or should I consider a Titan?
    Will the Areca Controller make a big difference in the system for the type of work that I'm doing?
    I looked at the WD VelociRaptor10K drives, would that get much of a peformance gain?
Thanks
Martin

The Areca ARC-1882i-8 has 8 internal ports, so you could go for two 4-disk raid3 or raid5 or even easier for one 8-disk raid3 or raid5, possibly with a hot-spare. Roughly, a n-disk raid3 or raid5 will give a sustained transfer rate of around 0.85 x (n - 1) x T. So a 4-disk raid3 or raid5 will give around 380 - 400 MB/s. A 8-disk raid3 or raid5 will have a transfer rate of around 900 MB/s. This shows the advantage of more disks in an array.
Software raids, whether in BIOS or in Windows are limited to striped or mirrored arrays, parity raids are way too slow. Striping is too risky and mirroring does not help speed.
Rendering for previews are helped by hardware acceleration for accelerated effects only. But the effectiveness of the video card depends to a large degree on the speed of the CPU, memory and disks. Unless the CPU is significantly overclocked to 4.5+ GHz, memory runs @ 2133 and the disk setup is very fast (400+ MB/s) a GTX 660 TI will not noticeably be slower than a GTX 680.
Rendering for export is only helped by a CUDA card when scaling, blending or blurring are applied. If you start with HD source material and export to HD resolution, there is no scaling and thus no acceleration by a CUDA card. It is all done by the CPU, memory and the disks.
If you are talking about Velociraptors 10K, no they are not faster than the HGST Ultrastars.
If you are talking about 15K SCSI disks, yes they are faster but require a SCSI controller, both of which make them much more expensive.
Despite having made the feature request for a render farm numerous times, I think since CS3, this has not yet been effected for PR. A render farm like you have in Vue would be a nice addition, but alas...
If you want to have more room for future growth, I would have a look at the 12+4 or 16+4 port ARC 1882iX controller cards. Not only do they expand on the number of ports to 12 or 16 internally, they also add 4 external ports and most importantly, they can accept up to 4 GB cache on the card, where the 8 port versions are limited to 1 GB fixed cache. Do not forget to add a BBM battery backup module to the Areca controller.
If you were to take this step and have all those ports available for future expansion, then it could be wise to have a look at the GTX 780, provided overclocking is applied. The GTX Titan is just too costly to justify.

Color correction, muzzle flares and smoke questions

A couple of days ago I directed an action sequence called 'Silent takedown' using Premiere CS5 and After Effects. The goal was to do a very fast paced editing style but still within the realm of 'classic' action films from '90 like Face/Off and Mission Impossible 2. I've got some question regarding visual effects done in After effects. Tell me if you thought they were good or bad. Also the color correction was done in AE and PP. Does the overall movie look good?
Here's a full link again: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O62_hYOmlaY
Thanks for watchin'

Well, aside from it being quite disturbing to have a team of 14 year olds turning everyone to blood soup it's got some great camera work.
Your first mistake might have been thinking there's anything worth copying in mission impossible 2. Sorry, had to be said.
Todd's right. The clouds of blood is comical. Maybe tone that down? Right now it just looks like a string of video copilot tutorials one after another. You need to hide effects, and make them feel seamless.
Ask yourselves what are you trying to showcase. If it's post production, you have to tweak those effects and make them look classy. There are shots where bullet holes are appearing in glass and there's little breakage, and no reaction from the actors. You can't just glue in effects. If the actors don't react, you can't use the shot, or it should be changed so you don't notice. Add a shake etc.
If it's editing, then that has to be solid too.
You've got time shifting all over the place without it being stylistic. For example, the guys who walk up off the top are shown in a wide shot that you re-use for the security cam. They enter, put their masks on, walks softly up to the guards and take them out, but then we are inside and the scarface guy is watching action that happened minutes ago on the monitor. If you're going to jump around in time, you need to find a stylistic way to do that. Why not bring the scarface guy's scenes into the lead up, show the monitor, (drop that long shot at the top) to introduce the guys sneaking up. This introduced tension (will scarface notice???) gives you an idea of who the guards are watching out for and drops that opening super wide of the two kids going up against the wall. That shot doesn't work because when you show them super-wide, you get a feeling for how exposed they are and what a terrible job they're doing of "sneaking" up. But it works as security cam footage...
Another example is when you have one of your agents say "good morning gentlemen. He says something strange to men who are in masks and they give him enough time to put a gun to his head and pull the trigger in spite of the face that they're holding their own guns. Then you have the camera exposure flash cuts to the other agent sneaking up...
If you want to make this effect work, you need to use editing to explain why the second guard didn't reflexively shoot the first agent. have the agent say, "good morning gentleman" and start the action of raising the gun. Then flash cut to the other agent sneaking up, then back the the first agent shooting, then back to the second guard being shot. Then all of a sudden you have a frenetic action scene. Right now the pacing feels slow and unrealistic.
The effects go off the rails a bit at the end. The muzzle flashes don't aim in the right direction, and the particle smoke becomes very obviously added in post. One shot in particular is a dude walking through a black smoke cloud from behind a van. Loose that smoke in the second to jump cuts. And if oyu're going to have a smoky enclosed space. you have to add atmosphere in other shots.
If you're not going to use practical effects for the gunshots, you need to cut away. Having a guy explode with particles and stock footage will always be "funny" without having some squibs on set. I know it makes it harder and more complicated, but you have to have the whole package, or it'll always just look like kids messing around and...
... oop, my render is done.

IMAQ Particle Analysis Reports VI

Hello,
I have written a programme that can take an image, resize it, theshold it and generate an array of particle locations using the IMAQ particle analysis VI. The programme works fine but I was wondering if anyone can answer some questions I have regarding some of the details of how this VI works:
How does the IMAQ Particle Analysis Reports VI calculate the centre of mass of the particles? Naively I would assume it would be the same as the IMAQ Centroid VI which uses the formula x=Sum(x*PixelValue)/Sum(PixelValue), y=Sum(y*PixelValue)/Sum(PixelValue), however in this case it finds the centre of mass of the entire image and not of the individual particles. Does it therefore apply these formulas to automated regions of interest to generate the list of centroided coodinates for each particle or does it use an altogether different method?
Is this the fastest and most computationally efficient way to generate these list of centroided coodinates given that it also calculates several other parameters that I do not need?
Thanks so much! Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Justin

Hi Justin,
I haven't been able to obtain the formula / algorithm that the VI uses but I found that the particle analysis example in CVI offers some insight into what the function is performing. I've copied the C code for your convience but I found it on this white paper http://www.ni.com/example/26517/en/ -
Particle Analysis Examples.
int CVICALLBACK ParticleAnalysis (int panel, int control, int event,
void *callbackData, int eventData1, int eventData2)
switch (event)
case EVENT_COMMIT:
/* Make sure the user has thresholded the image */
if(!thresholdFlag) {
MessagePopup ("Image must be thresholded",
"You must threshold an image before performing the particle analysis.");
return 0;
/* This section of our code shows how to run a basic particle analysis.
imaqGetParticleInfo is used with the parameter IMAQ_BASIC_INFO to get
basic information on each particle in the image. It returns a pointer
to a structure array which contains all of the information for each
particle. Passing IMAQ_ALL_INFO instead of IMAQ_BASIC_INFO will run
a more detailed report on the particles, but will take longer to execute.
For more information on the report structure, see vision.h or the function
panel for imaqGetParticleInfo. */
/* Reset the max value for the control to (2^32)-1 so that consecutive runs
are not limited by the number of objects found in previous runs */
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_CURRENT_PARTICLE, ATTR_MAX_VALUE,
4294967295);
/* If we have already called imaqGetParticleInfo and thus created a particle report
we should dispose that report before creating a new one. */
if (particleRptExists)
imaqDispose (particleRpt_Ptr);
particleRpt_Ptr = imaqGetParticleInfo (thresholdImage, FALSE, IMAQ_BASIC_INFO, &particleCount);
particleRptExists = TRUE;
/* Simple user interface management - activate the particle report controls */
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_PARTICLE_COUNT, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_CURRENT_PARTICLE, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_AREA, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_CAL_AREA, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_TOP, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_HEIGHT, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_LEFT, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_WIDTH, ATTR_DIMMED,
FALSE);
SetCtrlVal (panelHandle, PANEL_PARTICLE_COUNT, particleCount);
/* Set the max value on the index control so that the user does
not try to access particle info for particles that do not exist */
SetCtrlAttribute (panelHandle, PANEL_CURRENT_PARTICLE, ATTR_MAX_VALUE,
particleCount - 1);
/* Simulate an event to immediately update report controls and reset the
report index to zero */
ViewReport (panelHandle, 0,EVENT_COMMIT,NULL,0,0);
SetCtrlVal (panelHandle, PANEL_CURRENT_PARTICLE, 0);
break;
return 0;
Kind Regards,
Lucas
Applications Engineer
National Instruments

Question for NABers or AE folks re: Motion 3's 3D

Hi all,
This question can probably be answered by those who saw Motion 3 at NAB or people who are familiar with other apps with 3D capability, but since I'm not one of them...
Most of the examples in Apple's web videos (other than possibly particle emitters) seemed to show 2D objects and text in 3D space. Can you create 3D text and/or 3D objects in Motion 3? Can you "bend" 2D text through the third dimension?

I've seen that tutorial before... I guess I'm looking
for something a little beyond that. Well okay, maybe
Motion 3 can't do 3D text or objects, but what about
warping a 2D object in the third dimension?
I don't see why not - I think I even saw similar examples of this in one of the QuickTour vids.
And I thought of one more question to tack on: if
Motion is in 3D space, can one object go "through"
another? Example: Apple's videos show a 3D ring of
fire created by a particle emitter. Could you fly
something "through" that ring, so that the object
passes between the front and rear parts of the ring?
Anybody know?
Another (semi)educated guess - yes. True 3D (which Motion 3 now has) has an X, Y, and Z (depth) axis. There is no reason you shouldn't be able to accomplish this, especially if Motions particles are now truly 3D.

Getting both intensity AND postion information on particles with IMAQ

Greetings-
I am trying to use IMAQ to analyze images which contain "particles". I have no problem making a binary mask that contains only the particles of interest and using "IMAQ Particle Analysis" to give me an array containing the (X,Y) locations of the centers of these particles.
I also have no problem converting the binary mask to a 16 bit image in which each particle has its own unique label. I then use this labeling image and the original greyscale image as inputs to "IMAQ Quantify" so that I obtain the average greyscale density for each particle.
Here is my problem: the two data sets are completely divorced. I need correlate the density information for a given particle with its location in the image.
Can anyone suggest a solution? (I am running 8.0)
Thanks,
-GN

Hi GN,
Let me suggest the following:
The "IMAQ Particle Analysis" VI is going to return an array(1) that contains the coordinates for the centre of mass for each particle. Assuming that your 16-bit greyscale mask is done correctly, this means that every pixel within a particle shares the same value, and every particle will have its own unique16-bit value.
You also have an array(2) of densities that you found using "IMAQ Quantify", which are indexed according to the particle values.
What you need to do, is to create a for loop whose number of executions is controller by the number of items in Array 1 or Array 2 (# particles you have). You can pass N the array size or just use auto-indexing. Use the "IMAQ GetPixelValue" VI, and pass it the coordinates for each centre of mass (array 1). Provided that your particles do not have odd shapes, and that the centre of mass is included as part of this particle (and not in a hole), the VI will return the corresponding 16-bit greyscale value. Use the Index Array function, the returned value of "IMAQ GetPixelValue" and the Density Array to get the density value for that centre of mass. You can then build an Array with all the information that you want to correlate.
(I have attached a screenshot diagram that may help you to understand what I'm trying to say)
I hope this helps, if you have any other questions, please let me know!
Rishi L
National Instruments
Applications Engineer
Attachments:
IMAQ_Correlate1.JPG ‏54 KB

XML Shema & Unique Particle Attribution

Hi all,
I am trying to create an xml schema but I face the following error:
cos-nonambig: "":content and "":content (or elements from their substitution group) violate "Unique Particle Attribution". During validation against this schema, ambiguity would be created for those two particles. [65]
the above error is caused by the following section of the xsd file (specifically in the xs:choice of the question element definition):
    <xs:element name="content" type="xs:anyType"/>
    <xs:element name="weight" type="xs:positiveInteger"/>
    <xs:group name="simpleQuestionItems">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element ref="content"/>
            <xs:element ref="weight"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:group>
    <xs:group name="complexQuestionItems">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element ref="content" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element ref="weight" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element ref="question" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
        </xs:sequence>
    </xs:group>
    <xs:element name="question">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:choice>
                <xs:group ref="simpleQuestionItems"/>
                <xs:group ref="complexQuestionItems"/>
            </xs:choice>
        </xs:complexType>
    </xs:element>Do you know how can I avoid this problem while writing something similar?

Hello,
See i have made some changes accordingly but still there may be some problems. I dont know why you want your schema structure in circular one. (i.e. from question group you want to ref complex and again from it you are ref to question so it is giving name collision problem)
One another think do follow to mention the namespace (target and for your xsd) whenever you do your new xsd. Generally all project xsd's belong to only one namespace( but still as per your convience you can mention multiple)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:ab="http://www.yourcompany.com/XMLSchema/ProjectName" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.yourcompany.com/XMLSchema/ProjectName" elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
     
     <xs:group name="simpleQuestionItems">
          <xs:sequence>
               <xs:element name="content" type="xs:anyType"/>
               <xs:element name="weight" type="xs:positiveInteger"/>
               
          </xs:sequence>
     </xs:group>
     <xs:group name="complexQuestionItems">
          <xs:sequence>
               
               <xs:group ref="ab:simpleQuestionItems" minOccurs="0"/>
               <xs:element ref="ab:question" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
          </xs:sequence>
     </xs:group>
     <xs:element name="question">
          <xs:complexType>
               <xs:choice>
                    <xs:group ref="ab:simpleQuestionItems"/>
                    <xs:group ref="ab:complexQuestionItems"/>
               </xs:choice>
          </xs:complexType>
     </xs:element>
</xs:schema>
Regards,
Sachin Kulkarni, Pune- India

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